GLOBAL MARKETS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING PROCESSES -- FOCUS ON THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING AND OTHER TECHNOLOGIES

Transcription

1 GLOBAL MARKETS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING PROCESSES -- FOCUS ON THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING AND OTHER TECHNOLOGIES MFG031A October 2012 Srinivasa Rajaram Project Analyst ISBN: BCC Research 49 Walnut Park, Building 2 Wellesley, MA , Custom Reports: carol.laverty@bccresearch.com

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1 REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 1 CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY 2 SCOPE AND FORMAT 2 INFORMATION SOURCES 2 ANALYST CREDENTIALS 2 RELATED REPORTS 2 BCC ON-LINE SERVICES 3 DISCLAIMER 3 CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY 5 SUMMARY TABLE MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, SUMMARY FIGURE MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, 6 6 CHAPTER 3 OVERVIEW 8 DEFINITION OF THE INDUSTRY 8 CONCEPTS IN THE INDUSTRY 8 IMPORTANCE OF THE INDUSTRY 9 TABLE 1 MARKET STRUCTURE FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TECHNOLOGIES, 2011 (%) FIGURE 1 MARKET STRUCTURE FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TECHNOLOGIES, 2011 (%) LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF METAL FINISHING SYSTEM 10 LIFE CYCLE COST 11 TECHNOLOGY LIFE CYCLE 11 HISTORY OF ELECTROPLATING 12 HISTORY OF BRASS PLATING 12 HISTORY OF PRECIOUS METAL PLATING 12 HISTORY OF ANODIZING 12 HISTORY OF ETCHING 13 HISTORY OF METAL CLADDING 13 HISTORY OF ENAMEL COATING 13 HISTORY OF PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD)/SPUTTERING 13 EMERGING METHODS FOR THE SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALS 14 PROCESS-INTEGRATED AUTOMATED PLATING 14 ALUMINUM PLATING FROM ORGANIC ELECTROLYTES 14 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS 15 WATER 15 ENERGY 16 REGULATORY OVERVIEW 16 COMMON WASTES FROM METAL FINISHING OPERATIONS 16 TABLE 2 OVERVIEW OF WASTES GENERATED FROM SURFACE PREPARATION PROCESSES 17 TABLE 3 OVERVIEW OF WASTES GENERATED FROM SURFACE FINISHING PROCESSES

3 WASTEWATER 18 SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE 18 AIR EMISSIONS 19 OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AFFECTING METAL FINISHING 19 TABLE 4 OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AFFECTING THE METAL FINISHING INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) REGULATIONS AND GUIDANCE FOR DEGREASERS REGULATIONS REGARDING CHLORINATED SOLVENTS 21 NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS (NESHAPS) 22 NESHAP: Chromium Electroplating 22 NESHAP: Organic Solvent Degreasing 22 NESHAP: Steel Pickling, HCL 22 THE EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FOR METAL FINISHING 22 THE EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FOR ELECTROPLATING 23 RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT 23 EUROPEAN REGULATIONS 23 END-OF-LIFE VEHICLE DIRECTIVE (ELV) DIRECTIVES 23 WASTE ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT (WEEE) 23 RESTRICTION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (ROHS) 24 THE EUROPEAN SOLVENT EMISSIONS DIRECTIVE (SED) 24 REGULATION ON REGISTRATION, EVALUATION, AUTHORIZATION AND RESTRICTION OF CHEMICALS (REACH) WORLD WIDE REGULATIONS 24 CHINA 24 INDIA CHAPTER 4 INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TECHNOLOGIES 27 OVERVIEW 27 SURFACE COATINGS 27 THE FINISHING PROCESS 28 SURFACE PREPARATION 28 REASONS FOR CLEANING 29 FACTORS AFFECTING CLEANING OPERATIONS 29 CLEANING PROCESSES 30 Solvent Cleaning 30 Alternatives to chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) solvent cleaning 30 Aqueous Cleaning 30 Acid Aqueous Cleaning 31 Aqueous Alkaline Cleaning 31 Ultrasonic Cleaning 31 Benefits of Ultrasonic Cleaning 32 Disadvantages of Ultrasonic Cleaning 32 Semi-aqueous Cleaning 32 ELECTRO-CLEANING 33 Reverse or Anodic Cleaning 33 Direct or Cathodic Cleaning 33 Periodic Reverse Cleaning 33

4 ABRASIVE BLASTING 33 Dry Abrasive Blasting 34 Wet Abrasive Blasting 34 Process Description 34 Blast Cleaning Equipment 35 Blasting Wheels 35 Emissions 35 Controls 36 Typical Types of Abrasives 36 Silica Sand 36 Coal or Smelter Slag 36 Metallic, Synthetic, and Mineral 36 Organic 36 Other Cleaning Processes 36 Metal Stripping 36 Air Knives 37 Centrifuges 37 Dry Ice 37 Hand Wiping 37 Pickling, De-scaling and De-smutting 37 Vacuum De-oiling 38 Laser Ablation 38 Pressurized Gas Cleaning 38 Supercritical Fluid Cleaning 38 Plasma Cleaning 38 Liquid Carbon dioxide Immersion Cleaning 38 Etching 39 Alkaline Etching of Aluminum 39 Common Etchants: 39 Types of Etching 39 SURFACE PRETREATMENT 39 PRETREATMENT PROCESSES 40 Mechanical Pretreatment Processes 40 Chemical Pretreatment Processes 40 Electrolytic and Chemical Polishing Pretreatment for Aluminum 41 Electro-polishing Pretreatment 41 Plasma-electrolytic Polishing Pretreatment 41 METAL COATING PROCESSES 41 Electroplating 41 Methods of Electroplating 42 Types of Electroplating 42 Copper and Copper Alloy Plating 43 Brass Electroplating 43 Bronze Electroplating 43 White Bronze Electroplating 43 Nickel Electroplating 44 Nickel/Chromium Electroplating 44

5 Chromium Electroplating 45 Zinc Plating 45 Alkaline Cyanide Zinc Plating 46 Alkaline Cyanide-free Zinc Plating 46 Acid Zinc Plating 46 Zinc Alloy Plating 46 Cadmium Plating 46 Tin Plating 48 Precious Metal Plating 48 Silver Plating 48 Gold Plating 49 Palladium and Alloy Plating 50 Rhodium Plating 50 Ruthenium Plating 50 Platinum Plating 50 CONSUMABLE RAW MATERIALS FOR ELECTROPLATING 50 PROCESSING EQUIPMENT 51 HANDLING TECHNIQUES FOR PROCESSING AND LOADING FOR PROCESSING 51 Jigs or Racks 52 Barrels 52 ELECTRO-LESS PLATING/AUTOCATALYTIC PLATING 53 ELECTRO-LESS COPPER PLATING 53 ELECTRO-LESS NICKEL PLATING 53 SOLUTIONS USED FOR ELECTRO-LESS NICKEL PLATING 55 Areas of Application 55 VAPOR DEPOSITION (VD) 55 TABLE 5 CHART COMPARING PVD, CVD AND TD 56 PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (PVD) 56 Advantages of the Physical Vapor Deposition Process 57 Disadvantages of the Physical Vapor Deposition Process 57 Materials Compatibility 58 PVD Coating Methods 58 Ion Plating/Plasma-based Plating 58 Ion Implantation 58 Pulsed Laser Deposition 58 Sputtering 59 Advantages 59 Disadvantages 59 Electron Beam Deposition: 60 CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (CVD) 60 Types of CVD 60 THERMO-REACTIVE DIFFUSION (TD) 60 CONVERSION COATINGS 61 TYPES OF CONVERSION COATINGS 61 Phosphate Coatings 61 Benefits of Zinc and Manganese Phosphate Conversion Coatings 61 Phosphating Process 62

6 Chromium Conversion Coatings 62 Top Coatings for Chromate Conversion Coatings 63 Anodic Coating or Anodizing 63 Chromic Acid Anodizing of Aluminum (CAA) 64 Sulfuric Acid Anodizing of Aluminum 64 Sulfuric/Boric Acid Anodizing (SBAA) 64 Anodizing of Magnesium, Titanium, Tantalum and Niobium 64 Titanium Anodizing 64 Phosphoric Acid Anodizing 65 Color Anodizing on Aluminum 65 METAL COLORING 65 SEALING FOLLOWING ANODIZING 66 Hot Sealing 66 Cold Sealing 66 NEW TECHNOLOGY CONVERSION COATINGS 66 HARD PVD CERAMIC COATINGS 66 Single Metal Nitride PVD Coatings 66 Hard PVD Ceramic Coatings with Alloying Elements 67 Hard PVD Ceramic Coatings with Super-Lattices 67 Nano-Ceramic Based Conversion Coating 67 Low Temperature/Phosphate-Free Conversion Coating 67 Benefits 67 METAL CLADDING 68 ALUMINUM CLADDING 68 LASER CLADDING 68 Advantages of Laser Cladding 69 Automation 70 GALVANIZING 70 THERMAL SPRAYING/METALIZING 70 PROCESS OF THERMAL SPRAY COATINGS 71 Basic Parameters of Thermal Spray Processes 71 TYPES OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGIES 71 Combustion Torch/Flame Spraying 71 Combustion Torch/High-Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) Thermal Spraying 72 Benefits 72 Disadvantages 72 Combustion Torch/Detonation Gun 72 Electric Arc Spraying 73 Plasma Spraying 73 PORCELAIN ENAMEL/VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING 73 METAL FINISHING EQUIPMENT 74 TYPES OF METAL FINISHING EQUIPMENT 74 PLATING EQUIPMENT 74 Brass Plating Equipment 75 Surface Preparation 75 ANODIZING EQUIPMENT 75 SOLVENT CLEANING SYSTEMS 76

7 AQUEOUS CLEANING SYSTEMS 76 Top Loading Systems 76 Front Loading Systems 76 ULTRASONIC CLEANING SYSTEMS 76 TYPES OF ULTRASONIC CLEANING SYSTEMS 77 Single Tank Cleaning System 77 Multi Tank Cleaning Systems 77 Manual Blast Cabinets 78 Automated Blast Systems 78 PVD COATING MACHINES 78 NEWER DEVELOPMENTS IN PVD COATING TECHNOLOGY 78 BARREL PVD COATING MACHINES 78 ADVANCES IN COATINGS 78 TITANIUM NITRIDE (TIN) 79 TITANIUM CARBIDE AND NITRIDE (TICN): 79 TITANIUM ALUMINUM NITRIDE/ALUMINUM TITANIUM NITRIDE (TIALN/ALTIN) 79 CHROMIUM NITRIDE (CRN) 80 CHROMIUM NICKEL NITRIDE (CRNIN) 80 LOW FRICTION COATING 80 AFTER TREATMENT ACTIVITIES 81 DRYING USING HOT WATER 81 DRYING USING HOT AIR 81 DRYING USING AIR KNIVES 81 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS DURING SURFACE PREPARATION 81 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN ELECTROPLATING 82 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS IN ELECTRO-LESS PLATING 82 PATENT ANALYSIS 82 TABLE 6 PATENTS BY COUNTRY 83 TABLE 7 PATENTS ISSUED BASED ON VARIOUS CRITERIA 84 TABLE 8 PATENTS ISSUED BASED ON YEAR OF ISSUE, TABLE 9 PATENT ANALYSIS BASED ON PATENTS ISSUED TO DIFFERENT COMPANIES 84 CHAPTER 5 MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TECHNOLOGIES 87 OVERVIEW 87 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING 87 TABLE 10 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, REGIONAL MARKET EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING 88 TABLE 11 REGIONAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 3 REGIONAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TABLE 12 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING,

8 FIGURE 4 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TABLE 13 DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, EUROPEAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING 91 TABLE 14 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 5 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TABLE 15 DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, ASIAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING 93 TABLE 16 ASIAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 6 ASIAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, DISTRIBUTION OF ASIAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TABLE 17 DISTRIBUTION OF ASIAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING 94 TABLE 18 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 7 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, DISTRIBUTION OF REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TABLE 19 DISTRIBUTION OF REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES 96 GLOBAL MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES 96 TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2018 FIGURE 8 GLOBAL MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES TABLE 21 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, FIGURE 9 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES TABLE 22 DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, EUROPEAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES 99 TABLE 23 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES,

9 FIGURE 10 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES TABLE 24 DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, ASIAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES 101 TABLE 25 ASIAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, FIGURE 11 ASIAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, DISTRIBUTION OF ASIAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES TABLE 26 DISTRIBUTION OF ASIAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES TABLE 27 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, FIGURE 12 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, DISTRIBUTION OF REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES TABLE 28 DISTRIBUTION OF REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, CHAPTER 6 MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER TECHNOLOGIES GLOBAL MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT TABLE 29 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 13 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT TABLE 30 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 14 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER EQUIPMENT TABLE 31 DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER EQUIPMENT, EUROPEAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT TABLE 32 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 15 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING AND VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER EQUIPMENT

10 TABLE 33 DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING AND VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2018 ($ ASIAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT TABLE 34 ASIAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 16 ASIAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, DISTRIBUTION OF ASIAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER EQUIPMENT TABLE 35 DISTRIBUTION OF ASIAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT TABLE 36 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 17 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, DISTRIBUTION OF REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER EQUIPMENT TABLE 37 DISTRIBUTION OF REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING 113 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT 114 TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TYPES OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 18 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TYPES OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT, REGIONAL MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY EQUIPMENT 115 TABLE 39 REGIONAL MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2018 ($ FIGURE 19 REGIONAL MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY EQUIPMENT, 115 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING 116 TABLE 40 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, THROUGH 2018 ($ FIGURE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, ($ NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING 117 TABLE 41 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, FIGURE 21 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING 118 TABLE 42 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, THROUGH 2018 ($ FIGURE 22 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, ($ ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING 119 TABLE 43 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, THROUGH 2018 ($

11 FIGURE 23 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, ($ REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING 120 TABLE 44 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, FIGURE 24 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING 121 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING 121 TABLE 45 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, THROUGH 2018 ($ FIGURE 25 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, ($ NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING 122 TABLE 46 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, FIGURE 26 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING 123 TABLE 47 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, THROUGH 2018 ($ FIGURE 27 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, ($ ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING 124 TABLE 48 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, THROUGH 2018 ($ FIGURE 28 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, ($ REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING 125 TABLE 49 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, THROUGH 2018 ($ FIGURE 29 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING 126 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING 127 TABLE 50 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING, FIGURE 30 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING, NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING 127 TABLE 51 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING, FIGURE 31 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING, EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING 128 TABLE 52 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING, FIGURE 32 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING, ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING

12 TABLE 53 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING, THROUGH 2018 ($ FIGURE 33 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING, ($ REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING 130 TABLE 54 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING, FIGURE 34 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING, CHAPTER 7 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS 133 OVERVIEW 133 INORGANIC METAL FINISHING EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY 133 DRIVING FORCES IN METAL FINISHING EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY 134 MARKETS AND CUSTOMERS 134 BUSINESS PRACTICES AND ECONOMICS 134 QUALITY, RELIABILITY, AND SERVICEABILITY 134 REGULATION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS 135 INTEGRATION OF PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES 135 SAFETY AND HEALTH 135 NEW TECHNOLOGICAL STRATEGIES 135 COMPETITION 135 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 136 PROFILES OF SUCCESSFUL COMPANIES 136 PROFILES OF LEADING COATING EQUIPMENT AND CONSUMABLES MANUFACTURERS 137 A.E. AUBIN COMPANY 137 AMERICHEM ENGINEERING SERVICES 137 ANGSTROM ENGINEERING INC. 137 ARVIND ANTICOR LTD. 138 ATOTECH OSTERREICH GMBH 138 BUFFOLI IMPIANTI SRL 139 C. UYEMURA & CO LTD 139 DALMAR PLATING AND ELECTROFORMING 140 ELECTROPLATING TECHNOLOGIES, LTD. 140 GUYSON CORPORATION OF U.S.A. 140 HARDWOOD LINE MANUFACTURING CO. 141 HAUZER TECHNO COATING BV 141 INTERNATIONAL PLATING TECHNOLOGY LLC 142 L.S. INDUSTRIES 143 MAGNUS EQUIPMENT GROUP 143 MASS FINISHING, INC. 144 METFAB TECHNOLOGIES 145 OERLIKON BALZERS HARTEC GMBH 145 PKG EQUIPMENT, INC. 145 PLATING EQUIPMENT LTD 146 PLATIT AG 147 PRAXAIR SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 147 SCHLOETTER GESMBH 148

13 SEQUA CORP. 148 SERVI SURE CORP. 149 STS INDUSTRIE SA 149 TECHNIC, INC. 150 TG ENGINEERING SRL 151 TITANIUM TANTALUM PRODUCTS LIMITED (TITAN) 151 TRIMAC INDUSTRIES, LLC 152 CHAPTER 8 APPENDIX 155 TABLE 55 LIST OF MANUFACTURERS OF CONSUMABLES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING PROCESSES STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO METAL FINISHING INDUSTRY 155 REDUCING EMISSIONS 155 STANDARDS FOR DEGREASING 156 STANDARD FOR ANODIZING 156 ISO STANDARDS 156 SPECIFICATION STANDARDS 157 TABLE 56 ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIETIES SERVING THE METAL FINISHING FIELD

14 LIST OF TABLES TABLE HEADING SUMMARY TABLE MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 1 MARKET STRUCTURE FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TECHNOLOGIES, 2011 (%) 10 TABLE 2 OVERVIEW OF WASTES GENERATED FROM SURFACE PREPARATION PROCESSES 17 TABLE 3 OVERVIEW OF WASTES GENERATED FROM SURFACE FINISHING PROCESSES 17 TABLE 4 OVERVIEW OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS AFFECTING THE METAL FINISHING INDUSTRY TABLE 5 CHART COMPARING PVD, CVD AND TD 56 TABLE 6 PATENTS BY COUNTRY 83 TABLE 7 PATENTS ISSUED BASED ON VARIOUS CRITERIA 84 TABLE 8 PATENTS ISSUED BASED ON YEAR OF ISSUE, TABLE 9 PATENT ANALYSIS BASED ON PATENTS ISSUED TO DIFFERENT COMPANIES 84 TABLE 10 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 11 REGIONAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 12 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 13 DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 14 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 15 DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 16 ASIAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 17 DISTRIBUTION OF ASIAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 18 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 19 DISTRIBUTION OF REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2018 TABLE 21 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, TABLE 22 DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, TABLE 23 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, TABLE 24 DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, TABLE 25 ASIAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, TABLE 26 DISTRIBUTION OF ASIAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, TABLE 27 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, TABLE 28 DISTRIBUTION OF REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES,

15 TABLE HEADING TABLE 29 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, TABLE 30 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, TABLE 31 DISTRIBUTION OF NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER EQUIPMENT, TABLE 32 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, TABLE 33 DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING AND VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER EQUIPMENT, TABLE 34 ASIAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, TABLE 35 DISTRIBUTION OF ASIAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) TABLE 36 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, TABLE 37 DISTRIBUTION OF REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TYPES OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT, TABLE 39 REGIONAL MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2018 ($ TABLE 40 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, THROUGH 2018 ($ TABLE 41 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, TABLE 42 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, THROUGH 2018 ($ TABLE 43 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, THROUGH 2018 ($ TABLE 44 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, THROUGH 2018 ($ TABLE 45 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, THROUGH 2018 ($ TABLE 46 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, TABLE 47 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, THROUGH 2018 ($ TABLE 48 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, THROUGH 2018 ($ TABLE 49 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, THROUGH 2018 ($ TABLE 50 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING, THROUGH 2018 ($ TABLE 51 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING, TABLE 52 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING, TABLE 53 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING, THROUGH 2018 ($ TABLE 54 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING,

16 TABLE HEADING TABLE 55 LIST OF MANUFACTURERS OF CONSUMABLES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING PROCESSES TABLE 56 ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIETIES SERVING THE METAL FINISHING FIELD

17 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE SUMMARY FIGURE MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 1 MARKET STRUCTURE FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING TECHNOLOGIES, 2011 (%) FIGURE 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 3 REGIONAL MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 4 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 5 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 6 ASIAN MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 7 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT/SPARES FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING, FIGURE 8 GLOBAL MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, FIGURE 9 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, FIGURE 10 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, FIGURE 11 ASIAN MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, FIGURE 12 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR INORGANIC METAL FINISHING/COATING TECHNOLOGIES, FIGURE 13 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 14 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 15 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 16 ASIAN MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 17 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY, CERAMIC COATING, VITREOUS ENAMELING AND OTHER COATING EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 18 GLOBAL MARKET FOR TYPES OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGIES/EQUIPMENT, FIGURE 19 REGIONAL MARKET FOR THERMAL SPRAY EQUIPMENT, 115 FIGURE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, ($ FIGURE 21 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, FIGURE 22 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, ($ FIGURE 23 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, ($ FIGURE 24 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF THERMAL SPRAYING, FIGURE 25 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, ($

18 FIGURE TITLE FIGURE 26 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, FIGURE 27 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, ($ FIGURE 28 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, ($ FIGURE 29 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF CERAMIC COATING, ($ FIGURE 30 GLOBAL MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING, FIGURE 31 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING, FIGURE 32 EUROPEAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING, FIGURE 33 ASIAN MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING, ($ FIGURE 34 REST OF WORLD MARKET FOR APPLICATIONS OF VITREOUS ENAMEL COATING,