Fluid Mechanics-61341

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1 An-Najah National University College of Engineering Fluid Mechanics Chapter [6] Momentum Principle 1 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

2 Momentum Momentum = Mass X Velocity Momentum can be linear or angular Linear: deals with issues such as collisions Angular: due to rotation of planet 2 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

3 Linear Momentum 3 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

4 Newton s 2nd Law: Linear Momentum or Definition of linear momentum: Conservation of momentum: 4 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

5 Conservation of Momentum The conservation of linear momentum principle tells us: If a system is isolated, its total linear momentum does not change Particles move about in a box: No particles leave or enter, hence the box is a system Particles can exchange momentum with each other, but that does not affect the total momentum of the system The only way to change the total momentum is to apply a force to the box 5 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

6 Therefore: Conservation of Momentum Notice the similarities and differences between conservation of mass and momentum: (conservation of mass) (conservation of momentum) Both equations are applied to the system Mass is conserved absolutely; Momentum is conserved unless a force is applied 6 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

7 Momentum Equation 7 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

8 Momentum Equation To summarize, we can say, in general, that Total force exerted on the fluid in a = control volume in a given direction Rate of change of momentum in the given direction of the fluid passing through the control volume 8 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

9 Pipe Flow Application 9 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

10 Pipe Flow Application 10 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

11 Pipe Flow Application 11 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

12 Pipe Flow Application 12 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

13 Example 1 13 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

14 Example 1 (Solution) 14 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

15 Example 1 (Solution) 15 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

16 Example 1 (Solution) 16 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

17 Example 1 (Solution) 17 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

18 Example 1 (Solution) 18 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

19 Pipe Flow Application 19 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

20 Pipe Flow Application 20 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

21 Pipe Flow Application 21 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

22 Example 2 Upstream from an axisymmetric abrupt enlargement in a horizontal passage the mean pressure is 140 kpa and the diameter is 150 mm. Downstream from the enlargement the mean pressure is 210 kpa and the diameter is 300 mm. Estimate the flowrate through the passage and the force on the enlargement 22 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

23 Example 2 (Solution) 23 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

24 Example 2 (Solution) 24 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

25 Open Channel Flow Application 25 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

26 Open Channel Flow Application 26 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

27 Open Channel Flow Application 27 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

28 Example 3 28 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

29 Example 3 (Solution) 29 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

30 Example 3 (Solution) 30 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

31 Open Channel Flow Application 31 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

32 Open Channel Flow Application 32 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

33 Open Channel Flow Application 33 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

34 Example 4 34 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

35 Example 4 (Solution) 35 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

36 Example 4 (Solution) 36 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

37 Example 4 (Solution) 37 Fluid Mechanics-2nd Semester [6] Momentum Principle

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