Stockton High Street Census Summary

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1 ECM Heritage Consulting Historic and heritage building consultancy services ECM Heritage Consulting Report Stockton High Street Census Summary Stockton High Street Census Summary PAGE 1 01/02/2012

2 This is an extract from the full report. The tables included have been selected as examples of the research that can be undertaken. Stockton High Street Census Summary PAGE 2

3 Uninhabited or Building Males Inhabited Females Whether Born in same County Whether Born in Scotland, Ireland or Foreign Parts 1.0 Introduction This report summarises information extracted from the publically available census records for the following properties on the High Street, Stockton-on-Tees. 1. East side, Bishop Street to Finkle Street. Numbers 25 to West side, Ramsgate to 136 High Street. Number 107 to 136. This off-take was undertaken in order to provide supporting evidence for updating of the occupational histories of these properties. The purpose of the analysis was to establish the primary resident in order to allow cross checking of the primary occupier. The updated occupational histories are the subject of a separate report. 1.1 Sources The census returns for 1841, 1851, 1861, 1871, 1881, 1891, 1901 and 1911 have been utilised. Over the years the data collected varied and the tables below summarise that which is available for each census, with notes regarding any limitations on interpretation imposed by the data available. In all cases the markings made on the enumerators returns as the data was extracted can result is legibility issues PLACE HOUSES NAMES of each Person who abode therein the preceding Night. AGE and SEX PROFESSION, TRADE, EMPLOYMENT or of INDEPENDENT MEANS Where Born Whilst street names were recorded by this census house numbers were not. Thus linking inhabitants to a specific property has been carried out based on working out from known residents at that time. This will had resulted in errors if the enumerator did not record the properties in the expected sequence. Additional difficulties arise where more than one household occupied a single building. No withstanding these issues there were only two properties to which an entry could not the assigned, numbers 28 and 29. None of the publically available census returns include a resident for No. 28, and this property was the first in the area of interest to pass out of residential use. The Wren family of corn millers used the property as their commercial premises but lived at the milling site near Lustrum Beck. Only the 1861 census identifies a resident of No. 29 and it had also largely passed out of residential use by the early 19 th century. Tracing people within the census is difficult as places of birth were not recorded. Also the relationships between individuals within a house were not given, but have to be inferred from surnames, ages and sexes. Stockton High Street Census Summary PAGE 3

4 No. of Householders Schedule Males Females Name of Street, Place, or Road, and Name or No. of House Name and surname of each Person who abode in the house, on the Night of the 30 th March, 1851 Relation to Head of Family Condition Age of Rank, Profession or Occupation Where Born Whether Blind, or Deaf-and- Dumb The inclusion of house numbers simplifies the interpretation compared to the 1841 census but in the absence of columns to note uninhabited properties the various enumerators covered the area were inconsistent in recording this data. When collecting data the enumerators frequently left the High Street to cover the side streets and yards, splitting up the records for the properties of interest. Given these two circumstances, whilst the absence of a record for a property is probably the result of it being uninhabited this cannot be firmly established. There are three properties for which records could not be found, numbers 28, 29 and 39A. Numbers 28 and 29 are discussed above. Number 39A was the rear part of number 39, and may not have been recognised as a High Street property by the enumerator. The Condition column refers to marital status, married, single or widow / widower. Stockton High Street Census Summary PAGE 4 01/02/2012

5 Inhabited Uninhabited (U.), or Building (B.) Males Females HOUSES Age of No. of Schedule Road, Street, &c., and No. or Name of House Name and Surname of each Person Relation to Head of Family Condition Rank, Profession, or Occupation Where Born Whether Blind, or Deaf-and- Dumb The way the 1861 census recorded and presented the data of interest was well suited to this exercise. However no records could be found for two properties, numbers 38 and 39A. Numbers 37, 39 and 40 appear on the same return sheet, which contains no records for uninhabited properties or building sites. Number 39A is discussed above. Number 38 was the business premises of Brayshay, Chemist from 1857, but the family were living elsewhere. At this date is was still a relatively unusual arrangement, with the two thirds of business owners still living above the shop, and the enumerator did not have the option of recording a property as occupied but uninhabited. Stockton High Street Census Summary PAGE 5

6 The forms completed by the enumerators in 1871 were the same as those used in 1861 except for the heading of the right hand column which was changed to: Whether 1. Deaf-and-Dumb 2. Blind 3. Imbecile or Idiot 4. Lunatic No records could be related for four properties, numbers 28, 29, 39A and 118. Numbers 28, 29 and 39A are discussed above. William Gill, Butcher, was trading from No. 118 in 1871 but was living at 9 Mason s Court with his mother and younger siblings The forms completed by the enumerators in 1881 were the same as those used in 1871 except for additional clarification included in two column headings: CONDITION as to Marriage AGE last Birthday of In 1881, for the first time, less than 50% of the properties within the area were being lived in by the Primary Occupier. The chart below illustrates the move away from residential occupation between 1841 and This was more marked on the east side of the High Street where consolidation of properties into large retail premises occurred in the mid to late 19 th centuries. A number of these premises were lived in by the staff of the primary occupier, who were boarding in large numbers in the late 19 th century. By the start of the 20 th century no primary occupiers were living in any property between numbers 25 and 47. On the west side of the High Street Stockton High Street Census Summary PAGE 6

7 numbers 107 to 136 retained a higher level of residential occupation into the 20 th century. These properties were not the subject of so much consolidation and a number remained in use as operations such as public houses and hotels, were living on site was beneficial. Stockton High Street Census Summary PAGE 7

8 Inhabited No. of Schedule Uninhabited (U.), or Building (B.) Number of rooms occupied if less than five Males Females Employer Employed Neither Employer or Employed The form completed by the enumerators in 1891 were still very similar to those used, with minor modifications since Additional information on the number of rooms occupied and the employment status of residents was collected and some further column heading changes implemented. The cumulative impact of the changes is shown below Road, Street, &c., and No. or Name of House HOUSES Name and Surname of each Person Relation to Head of Family Condition as to Marriage Age last Birthday of Profession, or Occupation Where Born If (1) Deaf- and- Dumb (2) Blind (3) Lunatic, Imbecile or Idiot Stockton High Street Census Summary PAGE 8

9 Inhabited In Occupation No. of Schedule Not in Occupation Building Number of rooms occupied if less than five Males Females Employer, Worker or Own Account If Working at Home The form used by the enumerators in 1901 collected very much the same information as that used in 1891, but with the layout modifications shown below Road, Street, &c., and No. or Name of House HOUSES Uninhab. Name and Surname of each Person Relation to Head of Family Condition as to Marriage Age last Birthday of Profession, or Occupation Where Born If (1) Deafand-Dumb (2) Blind (3) Lunatic (4) Imbecile, feeble minded This form design provided a very clear means of recording empty properties and this census contains the most comprehensive data on this category. 63% of the properties in the area were noted as Uninhabited In Occupation, with some enumerators providing addition notes on the type of shop or other business using the premises This was the first census in which a return sheet was completed for each individual property by the resident, if literate, rather than an enumerator collecting the information and entering it onto a form covering a number of properties. The enumerator had to sign each form to confirm that they had checked that they had been completed correctly. 19 sheets, covering 17 properties, were returned for Stockton High Street Census Summary PAGE 9

10 Ages of Males Ages of Females Marital Status Completed years of Marriage Total born alive Still living Who have died Personal Occupation Industry or Service with which worker is connected Employer, Worker or Working on Own Account Whether Working at Home the area of interest. The properties covered are numbers 26, 27, 39, 40, 46, 107, 109, 110, 111, 115, 121, 122, 123 (2 returns), 125, 127 (2 returns), 128 and 135. As the forms were to be completed by individuals who had not received training they contained significantly more explanatory text than those used before. The forms are all signed by the person completing them, who wrote the postal address of the property under their signature. The data requested is shown below, but the explanatory text has not been reproduced. Name and Surname Relationship to Head of Family Age (last Birthday) and sex Particulars as to Marriage For each Married Woman Children born to present Marriage Profession or Occupation of Persons aged ten years and upwards Birthplace of every person Nationality of every Person born in a Foreign Country Infirmity If: (1) Totally Deaf or Deaf and Dumb (2) Totally Blind (3) Lunatic (4) Imbecile or Feeble minded By 1911 just below 15% of the properties were being living in by primary occupiers, with a similar number being used by their staff. Stockton High Street Census Summary PAGE 10

11 2.0 East Side 2.1 Bishop Street to Silver Street 2.2 Silver Street to Finkle Street 30 High Street 1841 Richard Earnshaw, Cutter 1851 Thomas Taylor, Druggist : Henry Emmerton, Acting Manager for a Draper and Milliner : Boarding house for drapers staff : Lodgings for drapery and millinery staff & 31: Alexander McNaught, Draper Manager in lodgings with other drapers staff. All Employed 1901 In occupation and uninhabited 31 High Street 1841 Thomas Hunter, Tinner 1851 Thomas Hunter, Ironmonger : Henry Emmerton, Acting Manager for a Draper and Milliner : Boarding house for drapers staff : Lodgings for drapery and millinery staff & 31: Alexander McNaught, Draper Manager in lodgings with other drapers staff. All Employed 1901 In occupation but uninhabited 32 High Street 1841 John Harrison, Shoe Maker 1851 Lodgings for drapers staff : Henry Emmerton, Acting Manager for a Draper and Milliner : Boarding house for drapers staff : Lodgings for drapery and millinery staff 1891 No record 1901 In occupation but uninhabited Stockton High Street Census Summary PAGE 11 01/02/2012

12 33 High Street 1841 Michael Bell, Shoe Maker 1851 Michael Bell, Boot and Shoe Maker : Henry Emmerton, Acting Manager for a Draper and Milliner : Boarding house for drapers staff : Lodgings for drapery and millinery staff 1891 No record 1901 In occupation but uninhabited 34 High Street 1841 Robert Moody, Innkeeper 1851 Mary Moody, Innkeeper 1861 Christopher Moody, Innkeeper 1871 Christopher Moody, Innkeeper : Lodgings for drapery and millinery staff : Lodgings for drapery, millinery and dressmaking staff. All Employed 1901 In occupation but uninhabited 35 High Street 1841 None, but two households in occupation 1851 James Cowling, Boot Maker 1861 James Cowling, Boot and Shoe Maker 1871 James Kinnersley, Hat Shop Manager : Lodgings for drapery and millinery staff : Lodgings for drapery, millinery and dressmaking staff. All Employed 1901 In occupation but uninhabited Stockton High Street Census Summary PAGE 12

13 36 High Street 1841 William Brayshay, Chemist 1851 William B. Brayshaw (sic), Chemist, Druggist, Grocer and Tea Dealer 1861 John Jopling, Draper 1871 Edmund N. Jopling, Draper : Lodgings for drapery and millinery staff : Lodgings for drapery, millinery and dressmaking staff. All Employed 1901 In occupation but uninhabited 3.0 West Side 3.1 Ramsgate to Dovecot Street 113 High Street 1841 James Nicholson, Glass Cutter 1851 William Adamson, Druggist 1861 William Graham, Grocer & Tea Dealer 1871 Grey Hound Hotel. Richard Hind, Hotel Keeper 1881 Lock-up Shop 1891 Shut-up Shop 1901 In occupation but uninhabited (Grocers Shop) 119 High Street 1841 Edward Longbottom, Assistant Druggist & 120: Uninhabited & 120: Lodgings for chemist s staff & 120: John F. Man, Grocer & 120: Lock-up Shop & 120: No record 1901 In occupation but uninhabited Stockton High Street Census Summary PAGE 13

14 128 High Street 1841 Joseph Claxton, Plumber 1851 Joseph Claxton, Plumber 1861 George Jones, Men s (unreadable) 1871 Dorothy Jones, Hatter & Hosier 1881 William L. Norris, Hatter, Hosier etc Mary White, Temperance Hotel Keeper (Employer) 1901 William Hill, Coffee House Keeper (Employer) 1911 William Brown, Ironmonger (Employer) 3.2 Dovecot Street to 136 High Street 133 High Street 1841 Mary, Thomas and Jane Lambert, all Independent 1851 Thomas Lambert, Landed Proprietor 1861 Mary Lambert, Proprietor of Houses 1871 Mary Lambert, Income from Property 1881 Sarah Armstrong, Temperance Hotel Keeper 1891 Sarah Armstrong, Restaurant Keeper (Employer) 1901 Mary J. Bowery, Coffee House Keeper (Employer) Stockton High Street Census Summary PAGE 14

Evidence and Enquiry: Using the 1901 and 1911 census forms in the History classroom, Examining the 1911 census record of Edward Bailey

Evidence and Enquiry: Using the 1901 and 1911 census forms in the History classroom, 2016 Examining the 1911 census record of Edward Bailey Section One: Locating the census record. To find the census form