TDD Making sure everything works. Agile Transformation Summit May, 2015

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1 TDD Making sure everything works Agile Transformation Summit May, 2015

2 My name is Santiago L. Valdarrama (I don t play soccer. I m not related to the famous Colombian soccer player.) I m an Engineer Manager at Levatas

3 In 2003 I didn t believe in TDD Neither most of my friends in college. Everyone started talking about TDD everywhere all the time But I still didn t care.

4 Was there something wrong with TDD? Nope. Was there something wrong with the people talking about it? I don t think so. So what was happening?

5 I wasn t connecting the dots I spent too much time looking for excuses; focusing in the short-sighted cons of TDD; trying to prove that the world was wrong. Because TDD is hard!

6 I realized that: I was a Software Developer I made people believe I knew about cohesion and coupling I designed multi-tier systems I talked about flexibility and scalability all the time I created complicated diagrams to explain complicated apps And still my code was crap And my best professional recommendation at the time was to start from scratch.

7 Definitively I had to change something and TDD has been the answer But it isn t that easy...

8 Here are the 20 most common mistakes that you should be prepared for

9 PREPARATION

10 mistake #1 Thinking that your code is flawless

11 mistake #1 - Thinking that your code is flawless Face it: your code is as bad as mine Quit thinking that you are above the rest because chances are that you are not. Your code will change. And it ll break in the process And the more you change it, the more tangled it ll get, and the more likely you are to start making mistakes. You can t prove you don t make mistakes But I can certainly prove otherwise.

12 mistake #2 Thinking that is all about the tests

13 mistake #2 - Thinking that is all about the tests It s also about design Test-Driven Development is also about working on the design and architecture of your code. Besides the design, you also get tests Not only you get a very flexible and scalable architecture, but you also get unit tests that validate your code! It s also about confidence You need a safety net on which you can build trust to explore, to make progress, to go wild.

14 mistake #3 Asking for permission

15 mistake #3 - Asking for permission You shouldn t. It s stupid Why in the world would you consider asking for permission to do your job well in the first place? Do you have any viable alternative? If you are asking, it means that you have a viable alternative to Software Development, right? They are going to say no anyway And then you are going to feel guilty going behind their back.

16 mistake #4 Not having your entire team onboard

17 mistake #4 - Not having your entire team onboard Software Development is a team effort Your team should be able to speak your language and give you support whenever needed. Collaboration is paramount You want to keep everyone engaged fostering techniques like pair programming, and code reviews. Doing stuff solo is very hard Do you imagine a world without Stack Overflow? You d feel the same without a team supporting your TDD efforts.

18 mistake #5 Pursuing a specific code coverage

19 mistake #5 - Pursuing a specific code coverage We like to quantify things So I m not surprise that code coverage is a metric that a lot of people care about, and others easily fake. Code coverage is just about the quantity, not the quality It doesn t tell how good are your tests. Are they testing the right thing? Are they easy to read and maintain? It can actually be detrimental 100% code coverage can easily mean that we are testing more than what we should.

20 DISCIPLINE

21 mistake #6 Failing to be consistent

22 mistake #6 - Failing to be consistent Have you heard about the Broken Window theory? All that it takes to break everything is one mistake, one only this time, one we ll do it later. An abandoned test suite is worse than not having anything at all Is not-useful code that s sitting there needing maintenance and accumulating dust every single day. Make it hard to stop Find creative ways that prevent your team from deviating from the process

23 mistake #7 Not running your tests frequently enough

24 mistake #7 - Not running your tests frequently enough If you are not, something it s really wrong with your process You aren t supposed to be writing code at all without writing failing tests first, right? The more feedback you get, the better Your test suite is your thermometer, telling you how you are doing every step of the way. You have to make decisions You need the tests driving your development process, so you won t get far away without proper guidance.

25 mistake #8 Failing to define proper conventions

26 mistake #8 - Failing to define proper conventions You need solid naming conventions You and your team want to speak the same language, so you need a solid naming plan for your tests. You need solid structural conventions How are you going to organize the tests? How do you want to keep cohesion in different parts of the suite? You need solid architectural conventions Keep in mind that unit tests are now an important part of the design of your application.

27 mistake #9 Testing other people s code

28 mistake #9 - Testing other people s code It doesn t make sense By definition, you can t test other people s code if you are writing a test before writing your own code. It s an atomic process Splitting it is like having one person drinking 10 beers, and another person puking when the former gets drunk. You are probably not going to do a good job anyway You don t want to interrupt the natural flow: thinking what should it do, then making it happen.

29 PROCESS

30 mistake #10 Writing code without having a failing test

31 mistake #10 - Writing code without having a failing test It s the main problem you ll face It s a habit that will cost you a long time to break, but eventually the right way will become second nature. If you do, remove it and start over I haven t found a more effective way of training myself: remove the code, write the test, then write the code again. If you let it slip, you ll be in trouble again really quick If you need to watch out for one thing, this is it: you can t write code without having a failing test in place.

32 mistake #11 Testing code that s already written

33 mistake #11 - Testing code that s already written Don t write the code before in the first place I know sometimes the code is already there, and if so, why do you need to write tests for it? It s a trap you should avoid Tests are likely to prove that the code is valid, but they will say nothing about the goal of the code. I d rather don t write the test at all This one may be controversial. I d rather not write the test unless I have to modify the original code.

34 mistake #12 Writing a test before all other tests are passing

35 mistake #12 - Writing a test before all other tests are passing You need to go one step at a time You can t concentrate in multiple failing tests at the same time. Being methodical will pay off big. It gets hard to focus on the necessary code to make the tests pass When multiple tests are failing, it will be hard for you to know exactly what code is needed to make everything work again. Remember your goal is to be in green as soon as possible Working code is the only measure of progress. Having multiple failing tests is not working code.

36 mistake #13 Refactoring before all tests are passing

37 mistake #13 - Refactoring before all tests are passing You shouldn t change code without working tests Tests are the only way you have to know whether your changes were successful. You can t improve code that s broken You can fix it, but not improve it. Fix the code (making your tests pass) then refactor it. Remember your goal is to be in green as soon as possible Like we agreed before: Working code is the only measure of progress.

38 mistake #14 Writing code unrelated to the failing test

39 mistake #14 - Writing code unrelated to the failing test Do the simplest thing that makes the test pass You need to resist the urge of writing more and more code. Unrelated code is untested code If the code is not covered by the test, nothing can tell you whether the code works as intended. If you do, remove it and write a test first Be consistent with the process: Remove the code, write a test, then add the code back.

40 mistake #15 Testing more than one thing at the time

41 mistake #15 - Testing more than one thing at the time If the test fails you won t know why If your test has multiple assertions, you ll have to debug whenever the test fails. A test testing more than one thing is a complicated test Keep tests as simple as possible. If you do, split your test into multiple tests And make each one test one and only one thing.

42 STRUCTURE

43 mistake #16 Writing slow tests

44 mistake #16 - Writing slow tests If your tests are slow, you aren t going to run them frequently enough You want them to be as fast as possible. You want to run them constantly. If a test will take a long time, it s better to leave it out You d rather have 99 fast tests that you run every minute than slow test that never get run. Mocking is usually the answer Slow tests are usually caused by slow external dependencies.

45 mistake #17 Writing overlapping tests

46 mistake #17 - Writing overlapping tests Code should be tested once Avoid multiple tests testing the same thing. Errors will cause multiple tests to fail Making it very confusing to determine what s going on. When it happens, get rid of the overlapping tests As soon as you notice you have multiple tests focusing on the same functionality, get rid of the offenders.

47 mistake #18 Testing trivial code

48 mistake #18 - Testing trivial code Only test what could possible fail And just forget about everything else. Avoid testing accessors I ve seen this more than once. Yes, sure they could fail, but what s the likelihood? It s a waste of time By testing trivial code, you get distracted from testing the code that really matters.

49 mistake #19 Creating dependencies between tests

50 mistake #19 - Creating dependencies between tests It makes it impossible to run tests individually One test needs the other. It makes it impossible to run tests in a different order Dependent tests have to run always in a specific order. A problem in one test might cause another test to fail It makes debugging very very difficult.

51 mistake #20 Writing tests with external dependencies

52 mistake #20 - Writing tests with external dependencies These are usually very slow tests And you learned already to avoid these. If your dependency breaks, the test will break as well And you might not like it. You might need to change the tests with any change in the environment Making your test suite very fragile and unstable.

53 I m sure there are more. (probably lots more) I encourage you to share them.

54 Muchas Gracias!

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