Lesson #1 Secrets To Drawing Realistic Eyes
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- Junior Pitts
- 6 years ago
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1 Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 1
2 Copyright and Disclaimer Information: This ebook is protected by International Federal Copyright Laws and Treaties. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher. The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in the preparation of this information. However the author makes no representation or warranties with respect to the accuracy, applicability, fitness, or completeness of the contents of this book. They disclaim any warranties (expressed or implied), merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose. The author shall in no event be held liable for any loss or other damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 2
3 The first step when drawing anything is exactly studying what it is you are drawing. Now you may think that you understand the components that make up an eye, but over my years of teaching I have discovered that often there are little features that people fail to notice. It is the ability to notice tiny features that separate an average artist from a professional. So let s look closely at exactly what is going on in an eye, and the common mistakes artist make. Major Components Of An Eye: Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 3
4 Obviously you have the eyeball which is covered by the upper eyelid and the lower eyelid. On the edges of the eyelids you have a series of eyelashes. Then of course in the center of the eyeball you have the pupil, and the iris (or colored part) surrounding the pupil. Above the eye is the eye sack, and then eyebrow, which sits just on the edge of the eye socket. Then lastly in the inner corner of the eye there is the tear duct. Now we need to break that down even further and see how the components affect each other. Eyeball Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 4
5 The most common mistake artists make when drawing the eyeball is to leave it completely white. The actual shape of an eyeball is a ball, so there are always tonal variations as you go from one edge to the other. The only difference between an eyeball and a ball is the eyelids, and the way it is sitting means you only see a small section of the entire ball. This is clearly shown in the image below. How an eyeball should be shaded, if you could see the whole thing. The section that is visible, due to the eyelids blocking the top and the bottom. The second common mistake artists make when drawing eyeballs, is to leave out the shadow cast from the eyelid on the eyeball itself. Because the eyelid has a thickness to it, and sits on top of the eyeball, there is almost always a small shadow cast on the upper edge of the eyeball. If you look closely at the photo below you can see that there is a distinct shadow cast on the upper edge of the eyeball. Most artists simply don t notice this. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 5
6 Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 6
7 Eyelids The most common mistake artists make when drawing eyelids is they assume they are flat, or they don t have a thickness about them. If you look closely at the photo below you will see that this is simply not the case. Also in most cases you will notice that thickness doesn t appear to be even across the length of the eyelid. Again the photo above clearly shows this. Notice how the lower eyelid appears thicker at the outer edge, while the upper eyelid appears thicker in the middle. This happens as the eyelid changes angle to the camera as it wraps around the eyeball below it. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 7
8 Eyelashes The most common mistake artists make when it comes to drawing eyelashes is they assume they are the same thickness from the root to the tip. If you look closely at an eyelash you will notice that there is distinct difference in thickness between the root and the tip of the eyelash. To properly capture this difference there is a simple technique I use. Every time I draw an eyelash I take a sharp pencil and starting at the root, I pull the pencil in the direction of the flow of the eyelash (ie from root to tip). As I do so I evenly reduce the pressure until the pencil flicks off at the end. Another way of describing the technique is to imagine that you are simply drawing a tick. It is essentially the same motion, starting firm at the tip and flicking off at the end. Incorrectly Drawn Eyelashes Notice: How the eyelashes are the same thickness from root to tip, and they don t curve. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 8
9 Correctly Drawn Eyelashes Notice: How the eyelashes are thicker at the tip and gradually become thinner towards the end. These eyelashes have been correctly drawn. The second common mistake artists make with eyelashes is thinking that they are straight, when in actual fact they have a clear curve about them. Notice how in the photos below, the eyelashes from the top eyelid curve up, while the eyelashes from the bottom eyelid curve down. The way the eyelashes curve away from each other is the same with both males and females; the only difference is that females usually have longer eyelashes on the lower eyelid than males. Also some females use mascara to make their eyelashes appear longer, thicker and more curved. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 9
10 The last mistake artists make when drawing eyelashes is to join them to the wrong part of the eyelid. If you look closely at the photos below, you will see that the eyelashes join on the outside corner of the eyelid and not actually on the thickness of the eyelid. Pupil The most common mistake artist make when it comes to drawing pupils is failing to properly capture the highlight of the eye. The easiest way around this is to simply identify where the highlight is going to appear first, using a faint line, and then shade the pupil. This simple action of marking the highlight first allows you to confidently shade the pupil without accidently shading the highlight. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 10
11 Iris (or Colored Part of Eye) There are two common mistakes artists make when drawing the Iris. The first common mistake is simply ignoring the shadow cast on the iris by the eyelid above it. This is described in more detail under the section on Eyelids above. The second common mistake is not capturing the texture of the iris properly. A lot of artists simply shade from top to bottom, and create a flat single tone iris. If you look closely at the photo of the eye below you will notice that iris is made up of a series of faint lines that radiate from the center out. To quickly capture the impression of this texture, what I like to do is shade the iris with a series of radial lines that start at the pupil and extend to the edge of the iris. To shade like this all I do is start drawing a series of the small lines and work my way around the iris until I am back to where I started. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 11
12 The last mistake artists make is not capturing the shape of the iris properly. If you imagine looking straight on at an eye that is looking directly back at you, the iris would be perfectly round. However as the eye starts to look away from you the shape of the iris would start to appear narrower and more oval shaped. The illustration below demonstrates that the further away the iris is from the center the narrower the oval will appear. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 12
13 Eyebrow In order to draw an eyebrow correctly you need to understand what is actually going on under the skin. A lot of artists assume that the eyebrow is sitting on the outside edge of the eye socket, when in actual fact this is not the case. What is going on is the inner edge of the eyebrow (edge closest to the nose) starts just below the edge of the eye socket. Then in approximately the middle of the eyebrow it transitions over the edge of the eye socket and onto the more pronounce ridge of the forehead. If you look closely at the photo below you will be able to see exactly what I mean. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 13
14 What this usually means is the inner edge (edge closest to nose) appears darker as it is in the shadow, and the middle where it is transitioning appears lighter as it is exposed to more light. Common mistakes Apart from not capturing the transition across the ridge of the forehead, the other common mistake is not capturing the direction or flow of the eyebrows properly. Essentially the flow of all eyebrows is from the center of the eyebrows (edge closest to nose) to the outer edge (edge furthest away from nose). While how much attention you pay to capturing the direction of the eyebrows does depend on the level of detail you intend to draw. What I always do is, anytime I am blending an eyebrow I always start from the center and move to the outside. Also anytime I am indicating or drawing individual eyebrow hairs, I always start at the base and draw towards the tip, the same technique I use for eyelashes. What that means is I will position the pencil at the root of the hair (ie closer to the nose end of the eyebrow) and pull the pencil away from the nose, releasing the pressure as I do so. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 14
15 Step By Step Examples: Eyes can be one of the trickiest features to draw, because they show so much emotion and can seem to have very few reference points. However once you know the secret they do get a lot easier. The first secret is being able to see where to start. Whenever we draw anything the first step is to find the turning points that make up the object. Now if you look at the eye above, the most obvious turning points are not actually on the eye, but rather the eyebrow, and then the inner corner of the eye. To make it easier I have marked the turning points on the image below. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 15
16 The next step once we have determined the key turning point is to sketch the outline, using the turning points as a reference, and straight lines to simplify the process. Now this is easy for the eyebrow, because we have the beginning, the middle, and the end. But with the eye there is so much going on it can be hard to see what you are looking at. So what we do is we use this inside edge of the eyebrow to help us find the inside edge of the eye, and then we use the other end of the eyebrow to help us find the other end of the eye. Take a look at the image below to see exactly what I mean. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 16
17 Note: In this case if you run an imaginary vertical line straight down from the end of the eyebrow the eye ends just inside. Note: If you imagine this triangle formed between the end of the eye, the end of the eyebrow, and the center turning point in the eyebrow, you can easily check if the end of your eye is in the right place. Now that you can see the turning points on the photo, the next step is to simply sketch the location of the eyebrow and outline of the eye. If you look at the image below you can see what I mean. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 17
18 Once we have sketched the outline of the eye, and the location of the eyebrow the next step is to sketch the location of the iris, and the fold in the eyelid. To help us find the location of the iris, we simply use the shape of the eye as a guide, remembering that the shape or roundness of the iris depends on the direction where the eye is looking. In this case it is directly at you so the iris appears round as opposed to oval. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 18
19 The next step is to start to bring the eye to life by adding shadow. Now there are several very important rules you need to follow when adding the shadow. These are: 1. Never try and shade straight away, instead start by adding a nice light shadow over the area, and gradually build on that shadow as the image progresses. 2. Whenever possible mark the edge of your shadow before starting to shade, it makes it much easier. 3. Always mark the white in the eye before shading the pupil as it is just about impossible to correct this later on. 4. Don t forget the shadow cast from the eyelid on the eyeball. Below is an example of what I mean. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 19
20 Once you have the basic shadow in place, the next step is to start to develop that shadow, by breaking down the larger shadows into the smaller shadows that make it up. As you do this pay attention to the edge of the shadow. It is really important the edge remains clear and defined; otherwise the drawing will start to look messy. In future manuals I will discuss this process of breaking the shadow down in more detail. But for now I simply want to point out the areas that you need to focus on. 1. Due to an eyeball being round there will always be a side that is darker than the other; in this case it is the left side. So make sure you add a shadow to the darker side to indicate this curve. 2. The edge of the iris is usually slightly darker than the center, so a nice crisp outline around the iris makes a big difference. 3. Also a crisp line around the edge of the pupil is important also. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 20
21 The last step in the process is to blend the shadows, and add the final details. To soften the shadow, essentially what you are doing is taking your smudger and just smudging over the shadow so that the white flecks that were showing through get covered over. If you compare the image below with the image above you will clearly see that the image below appears softer. This is simply because I have run my smudger over the shadows and blended out the white flecks. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 21
22 The second style of eyes, is one were the face is side on to you. Now while the face may look different, there is essentially very little difference when it comes to drawing the eyes. You still follow the same process. This was: 1. Find the most obvious turning points to use as your key reference points. These can quite often be on the eyebrow. 2. Using the turning points as guides, sketch the outline of the eye, and the eyebrow. 3. Add a basic flat shadow to your drawing. 4. Start to bring more detail into your drawing by developing the shadow. 5. Add the eyelashes and final details. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 22
23 If you take a look at the image below I have labeled the key turning points. Once again you will notice that these are on the eyebrow and both corners of the eye this time. Note: that this eyebrow is not as clear as in the last example, so we need to rely more on the corners of the eye. But we can still use the trick of running an imaginary line straight up from the corner of the eye through the eyebrow as a great check to make sure everything is in place. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 23
24 The next step once you have found the turning points is to simply sketch the outline of the eye, and the confirmed part of the eyebrow. Below is a simple example to show you exactly what I mean. Once you have the approximate outline of the eye, the next step is to add the iris, and an indication of the fold above the eye, as shown below. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 24
25 The next step once you have the outline is to start to bring your eye to life by adding a flat shadow to the image. Once again the important things to remember when doing this are: 1. Make sure you mark the highlight on the eye before shading, as it is impossible to correct later on. 2. The tone of this flat shadow should be the same color as the lightest section, not the darkest for obvious reasons. 3. Make sure as you add this shadow the edges remain crisp and clear, and don t become lost. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 25
26 At this stage of the drawing, the next step is to take out our smudger, and soften down the shadows. If you compare the drawing below to the drawing above, you will quickly notice how much finer the drawing below appears. I have achieved the majority of this difference simply by using my smudger and ensuring that the edges of the shadows are nice and crisp. In a future manual we will look at exactly how to use your smudger. Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 26
27 Remember all drawings are going to be slightly different. But if you follow the steps laid out above you will notice amazing improvements in your drawing ability. So practice hard, and remember to have fun. To your drawing success, Copyright DrawPeopleStepByStep.com All Rights Reserved Page 27
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