Buletinul Ştiinţific al Universităţii POLITEHNICA din Timişoara. Seria HIDROTEHNICA TRANSACTIONS on HYDROTECHNICS

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1 Buletinul Ştiinţific l Universităţii POLITEHNICA din Timişor Seri HIDROTEHNICA TRANSACTIONS on HYDROTECHNICS Tom 58(72), Fscicol 1, 2013 Mens of Representing the Pluming Instlltions Studied to Building Services Engineering Progrm Crmen Mârz 1 Angriel Frcs 2 Georgin Corsiuc 3 Astrct: In this pper we propose to illustrte methods in which students ttending undergrdute to uilding services engineering progrm re trined in order to mke technicl drwings for pluming relted projects. Thus, in first stge they lern to represent in 2D the plns nd piping digrms of the pluming projects. One lerns to represent lso detiled technologicl drwings. For the dimensioning clculus of the pipes is required xonometric representtion of the plnt (in isometric frontl olique xonometry). Further, undergrdutes lern the 3D representtion of the plnts using the Allpln softwre. It is nrrtive prt contining the description of the methods, solutions proposed nd experimentl results. Keywords: pluming instlltions, technicl drwing, ground floor, piping digrm. 1. INTRODUCTION Grphicl sujects re forms of communiction etween different ctegories of sujects involved in the informtion trnsmission process. Thus, there is the messge (or informtion) tht must flow etween emitters - designers, inventors or techers nd receivers of informtion - performers, users, students or customers in generl. In higher technicl eduction re studied, s sujects from this re, Descriptive geometry respectively Technicl Drwing nd Infogrphics. Descriptive Geometry hs the min purpose the understnding of the sptil forms (three-dimensionl) nd their trnsposition into two-dimensionl plne, sed on geometric resoning through vrious methods, mthemticl founded. Technicl drwing represents grphicl lnguge of communiction etween different ctegories of professionls sed on common norms nd rules of representtion of ojects, systemtized nd unified through the stndrdiztion process. In other words, the two sujects re in reltionship of interfering, of mutul conditioning nd together they contriute to the lerning of sujects with the strctiztion. The students will imgine the forms in spce nd then their trnsposition in the two dimensionl pln, they will develop the geometric resoning nd finlly the ility to see into spce. Infogrphics represents n lterntive of grphic expression of the technicl concepts sed on rules studied t the Technicl Drwing suject vi computer, y mens of design softwre. As the mrket s demnd nd moility re very high, it ecomes very importnt for the students to cquire fundmentl nd clssic resoning, nd then to possess the ility to dpt nd ssimilte new progrms sed on short-term intensive courses. 2. THE SYLLABUS OF THE GRAPHICAL SUBJECTS For the students of Building Services Fculty within the Technicl University of Cluj-Npoc, the grphics disciplines required for the preprtion of drwings for the specilized projects re presented in the next tle [3]: Tel 1 Numer of Suject Semester clsses/week C S L Technicl Drwing nd 1nd Infogrphics AutoCAD Allpln 3 nd The uthors hve proposed to present in series of ppers in the section Eductionl methods in teching grphic disciplines, E-lerning, the wys in which our students lern the representtion of the specilized design. It should e noted tht the speciliztion of Building Services is interdisciplinry, requiring knowledge of the industril field (mechnicl), civil engineering nd oviously, instltions. But even the lst one includes chpters hving vrious res, such s: Pluming instlltions; Gs instlltions; Heting nd refrigertion instlltions; Air-conditioning nd ventiltion instlltions; Electricl instlltions nd utomtion. Ech of these chpters is chrcterized y conventionl signs nd specific rules, while respecting 1,2,3 Technicl University of Cluj-Npoc, Fculty of Building Services Engineering, B-dul 21 decemrie 1989, , , Cluj-Npoc, Romni, e-mil: Crmen.Mrz@inst.utcluj.ro, ngriel.frcs@inst.utcluj.ro, Georgin.Ico@inst.utcluj.ro. 21

2 the generl conventions. Among these conventions nd rules to e followed, we would mention: the projection systems of views nd sections, the representtion scles, the types nd thicknesses of lines, the conventionl symols used for vrious mterils nd ojects, shding, elevtions nd dimensioning, etc. Thus, in semesters 2 nd 4 students lern specilized design, which then they deepen it within the disciplines provided with projects. 3. METHODS OF REPRESENTING THE PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS In this pper the uthors hve presented the drwing pieces in the field of pluming engineering, which the students of our speciliztion lern to represent it within the time llocted to grphicl disciplines. Pluming plnts include cold wter supply, hot wter supply nd sewerge. Those tht re instlled in uildings intended for eneficiries demnding in terms of comfort re equipped with recircultion pipeline to provide hot wter instntneously to consumers. Of course, this involves dditionl costs, oth in the execution phse s well in current exploittion. We opted for this version ecuse we chose throom from residentil uilding, equipped to the highest requirements THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL REPRESENTATION The prts in project cn e drwn either clssiclly y drwing formts, y pencil nd vrious drwing tools, or with the help of computer y the use of specil drwing editing progrms. The drwing we propose in our topic ws mde with the help of AutoCAD [4]. As this softwre hs generl chrcter, tht it is used y experts in ll fields of engineering, the controls for drwing nd editing will not e detiled in here. The common drwings for the pluming instlltion re the plns (drwn following the rchitecturl plns of the uilding in question, t the 1:50 scle) nd the digrm regrding the pipes. In Fig. 1, we represented the ground floor plne of the pluming instlltion. The drwing stges re the following [2]: - t 1:50 scle, one represents the uilding including the relted line thicknesses, tht is thick continuous line noted C 2 (wlls) nd the thin continuous line C 3 (voids); - pluming fixture re then represented, t the drwing scle, with the conventionl symols, y (C 2) line; - it is represented the group of columns or pluming knots with three circles, with very thick line noted C1; - the distriution of the pipelines, tht is the supply with cold nd wrm (hot) wter with very thick continuous line C 1; the sewerge pipes re represented with 1.5 C1 line, is the only type of instlltion tht uses four thicknesses of lines; - representtion of service fittings on pluming fixture nd closing vlves on pipelines; - the pln is dimensioned so tht ll the components will e perfectly defined nd ccording to the specific stndrds. It is evident tht the drwing representtion ws orgnised on lyers. Fig.1. Ground floor. 22

3 Fig.2. Piping digrm In Fig. 2, the digrm of the pipes ws represented, in fct, s developed digrm of the entire instlltion, found y the orthogonl projection of the instlltion in min verticl plne on which the wlls of the uilding re rought into coincidence with the relted instlltion; the plne scle is oserved, the verticl dimensions nd those of the snitry pplinces re respected, the only exception regrds the derivtions (connections) tht re not represented ccording to the scle. Projects lso includes detiled drwings clled execution detils. This is drw on n convenient scle (1:50, 1:20, 1:10, 1:5, 1:2, 1:1) nd cn e prepred in the form of views or sections of prt of the instlltion. These re intended for execution nd provide informtion out the position nd the plce of instlltion of some component prts of the plnt, such s snitry pplinces, tnks, pumping sttions, etc.. In Fig. 3 it is represented detiled drwing for toilet equipped with reservoir [2]. We notice tht this includes the snitry pplince, the connecting pipes, fittings, uxiliry nd specil components required for instlltion nd opertion. All the components elements re dimensioned properly to determine the oject's nd pipes position reltive to the wlls nd to the floor, the type of oject, respectively ll the uxiliry pieces. 3.2.THE AXONOMETRIC REPRESENTATION In the piping digrm within the interior pluming instltion, the columns stop just elow ground level without drwing the distriution pipes in the sement. This is ecuse mny columns re identicl for some uildings with lrge horizontl extension. Thus, they re represented only once nd through their numering (the columns or group of columns) they find their correspondent in current plns, including sement pln. But to represent sptil ll the elements drwn in the plns of ll levels, sement nd piping digrm, it is used the frontl olique isometric xonometric projection, lso clled Cvlier perspective. Fig. 4. Axonometric representtion. Fig.3. Detiled drwing for toilet. 23 In everydy lnguge, these representtions re clled isometric digrms. They re rel support in the mngement of pipes nd networks dimensioning clcultion. It lso llow reding the dimensions of

4 the component elements during the ssemly execution of the plnt nd, in ddition, give n overll picture of the instlltion. In generl, isometric digrms re drwn seprtely for cold wter, hot wter nd sewerge, ecuse otherwise it my cuse overlps (of representtion) of the columns, which could determine confusion. In Figure 4 it is represented the isometric digrm of the cold wter supply system for the corresponding prt of the uilding for which we orgnized the study THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL REPRESENTATION In order to mke the representtion of the pluming instlltion for the prt proposed with the ALLPLAN softwre, the steps to e followed will e similrly with the stges tht we presented to the previous prgrph. As the representtion in Allpln is more complex nd is specil progrm for Civil nd Building Services Engineering fields, the uthors intend to detil nd exemplify the most importnt steps [5]. In order to drw n ALLPAN representtion of snitry instlltions in the prtment, the following steps will e followed: - 1:50 scle representtion of the uilding in the rchitecture mode; - rrngement of the snitry pplinces; - representtion of cold wter pipes, hot wter nd recircultion pipes, followed y connection of pplinces; - representtion of sewer pipes nd connection of pplinces; - clcultion of pipes dimensioning; - dimensioning of ll the instlltion elements ccording to results found erlier. Considering tht representtion in ALLPLAN is complex, next we will tke ech of the steps mentioned ove nd we will present them in detil y exmples. The design of the ground floor plne strts with representing the xes y using the Orthogonl Axes utton found in Generl Module / Civil Engineering extended module (Fig.5..). Msonry elements will e drwn y choosing different wll types from Architecture / Bsics: Wlls, Openings (Fig.5..). The wll openings re represented in similr wy, y choosing from one of the Doors (Fig.5.c.) or Windows (Fig.5.d.) icons, found in the sme menu. element must e properly defined. Therefore, wlls must e defined y height, width nd numer of lyers (rick, therml insultion). Windows re defined y height, width nd height of window sill. For doors you need to determine height, width of door opening nd numer of door leves. Once the sic uilding elements re drwn, the next step is plcing snitry pplinces from Instlltions in Buildings / Snitry Instlltions. First the Plcing of Snitry Applinces toolr is ctivted (Fig.6.), followed y choosing Symol Ctlogue nd 3D Architecture from Ctlogue Selection. At this point, snitry pplinces for throom nd kitchen re selected (Fig.7). Here we hve n exmple of throom equiped with sink, thtu, toilet, idet, floor drin nd wshing mchine. For the kitchen we chose sink nd dishwsher. Fig.6 Plcing of snitry pplinces toolr As with wlls, windows nd doors, Allpln lso provides dimensioning for pipes, which in turn must e properly defined y using Define Snitry Items (Fig. 8). Selecting the item we wnt to define opens the window Snitry Equipment (Fig. 9) where we choose from different types of ojects. Here we cn define pressure, flow, dimeter nd junction points. This step is repeted for ech snitry item. c Fig.5 Allpln icons d Fig.7 Window for choosing snitry pplinces Given tht the softwre provides its own instlltion nd uilding dimensioning, ech new 24

5 Fig.8 Define Snitry Item toolr nd then we cn move on to dimensioning the return pipes y using the Return Pipe Dimensioning + Lists toolr (Fig.14.), which genertes n Excel file where we find the results nd the estimte of necessry mterils. Fig.14 Return pipe junction nd dimensioning toolrs Fig.9 Snitry Equipment Window The next step consists of defining the elements needed for dimensioning the system, y using Instlltions in Building / Dimensioning of Snitry Items. We strt y using the 3D Prllel Polylines toolr in order to trce the cold wter, hot wter nd return pipes (Fig.10). Once the cold wter, hot wter nd return pipes dimensioning is complete in plne, in isometric view nd lso in nimtion, the pipes re no longer represented s lines, ut s rel pipes. The lst step consists of trcing nd dimensioning the sewer pipe in Instlltions in Buildings / Sewer Dimensioning. The sewer pipe is trced y using the 3D Prllel Polylines toolr (Fig.15.). Becuse curs nd intersections on sewer pipes cnnot e mde in right ngle, we need to represent them s chmfered y using the toolrs presented in Fig.15. nd Fig.15.c. Fig.10.3D Prllel Polylines The snitry pplinces re connected to the pipes y using the Cold Wter/Hot Wter Snitry Junctions toolr (Fig.11). The pplince is selected first nd then the hot wter nd cold wter pipes re selected ccordingly. This opertion is repeted for ll snitry pplinces. Fig.11 Snitry Junctions toolr The elements necessry for dimensioning cold wter nd hot wter pipes re defined y using the Snitry Items Dimensioning + Lists (Fig. 12). This will result in dimensioning clcultions for the selected re. The results re generted in n Excel file wich lso includes n estimte on neccesrry mterils. c Fig.15 Sewer toolr icons The snitry plinces re connected to the sewer y using the following toolrs: Lower sewer junction (Fig.16.) for the thtu nd floor drin nd Bck sewer junction (Fig.16.) for ll the other snitry pplinces. Fig.16 Sewer toolrs Fig.12 Snitry Items dimensioning toolr For the return pipe we must define the junction point with the hot wter pipe, y using the Return pipe junction point toolr (Fig.13) from Instlltions in Buildings / Return pipe dimensioning. Two different toolrs re used for dimensioning the sewer pipe: Slope Sewer Dimensioning for horizontl pipes (Fig.17.) nd Sewer Dimensioning for verticl pipes (Fig.17.). Fig.13 Return pipe junction point toolr To connect the return pipe to the junction point we use the Return Pipe Junction toolr (see Fig. 14.) 25 Fig.17 Sewer pipe dimensioning toolrs

6 A generl imge of the stges pssed through cn e seen in the following print screens (Fig. 18). Fig.18. Overview of the throom 3. CONCLUSIONS The grphicl sujects contriute to forming nd developing the undergrdutes spce vision nd cpcity of perceiving the doule reltionship etween the representtion in plne (2D) nd in spce (3D). The opinion of the experts in grphicl engineering is tht ll eginners in engineering should strt with mnul drwing, lerning stndrds norms so tht they cn lern nd develop their wy of thinking nd perceiving notions nd concepts in proper technicl mnner, followed y computer ided design, with specilized softwre. In the Fculty of Building Services emphsis is put on AutoCd nd AllPln. We try to find nd develop the communiction nd conveynce methods of the informtion to the students, in ccordnce with the fundmentls of the qulity stndrd ISO 9001, pplied to higher eduction. Stndrd ISO 9001 ws dopted in 2008 nd it contins the requirements relted to generl System of Qulity Mngement [6]. This stndrd is pplied to eduction too, if we consider tht the undergrdute is the customer of the eductionl institution for whom the qulity of the services provided should comply with the Europen qulity ssurnce systems. The Bologn process specifies nd imposes the Europen qulity stndrds for higher eduction nd estlishes set of reforms tht tend to focus eduction on student s needs, in Europe [1]. This process ims t putting closer the sylli under study in vrious universities from vrious countries so tht the trnsfer of credits etween institutions ffilited to the Bologn process ctully opertes. Not lst, the Bologn process lso proposes moility of sujects nd curricul in tight connection with the economic needs of mrkets. Eductionl institutions should comply with qulity stndrds in so fr curricul re concerned, should develop nd implement strtegies envisging the permnent improvement of qulity. REFERENCES [1] Mârz, C., Ico, G., Representtion methods from the curriculr re of descriptive geometry, put in greement with the lw for qulity ssurnce in higher eduction, The Interntionl Scientific Conference for Geometry nd Engineering Grphics mongeometrij2010, Belgrd, Seri, ISBN [2] Mârz, C., Corsiuc, G., (2011), Desen tehnic si infogrfic Specilizre Instltii pentru Constructii, Editur U.T.PRESS Cluj-Npoc, ISBN [3] Mârz, C., Fărcş, A., Corsiu,G., Methods of teching grphicl sujects to uilding services engineering students, Journl of Industril Design nd Engineering Grphics, Nr.7, 2012, Ed. SORGING, ISSN [4] Simion I.,. AutoCAD 2005 for engineers, TEORA USA Pulishing House, ISBN X 2005, New York. [5] [6] SR EN ISO 9001:2008, System of Qulity Mngement. 26