ANDRES BONIFACIO: PAMANA SA LIPUNAN, KALINANGAN, AT KASAYSAYAN
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1 Rebyu Lumbera, Bienvenido, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, mga pat Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles. Quezon City: IBON Foundation, Inc. ANDRES BONIFACIO: PAMANA SA LIPUNAN, KALINANGAN, AT KASAYSAYAN Noel V. Teodoro, Ph.D. Departamento ng Kasaysayan University of the Philippines - Diliman, Quezon City I. Sa pamagat pa lamang, magkakaroon kaagad ng ideya ang mambabasa na ang aklat na sinusuri y isang bilingguwal na katipunan ng mga panunuring pampanitikan, 1 at mga orihinal na kathang tula, sa Filipino, sa bahaging Literary Folio. Kumuha ng inspirasyon ang mga taludtod mula sa kabayanihan ni Andres Bonifacio, gayundin sa mga indibidwal na nakaugnayan niya, at maging sa mga usaping pampulitika t panlipunan na sa daloy ng kasaysaya y patuloy na pumupukaw sa puso t damdamin ng mga manunula t makata, 2 gayundin sa bayang nagsisilbing tagapakinig at tagatanggap ng militanteng kamalayan na nais ibahagi, paunlarin, at palaganapin. Halimbawa y maraming katanungan ang isang makata (Sison 2013b, 91-92) hinggil sa pagkatao ni Ka Andres Bonifacio gaano siya kadakila, kadalisay, katalino, karunong, at kagiting? Gaano kahalaga, at gaano pa kahalaga si Ka Andres Bonifacio? Ito y hindi naman dahil sa may duda o pag-aalinlangan ang makata kundi nais lamang niyang sagutin ang bawat katanungan at sa huli y bigyangdiin ang kagitingan, katapatan, at napakataas na karangalan ng bayaning martir. Aniya, hango sa kasaysayan ang kaalaman ng Ama ng bansang Pilipino. Ang pinamunuang niyang rebolusyon ang nagbukas/ng landas ng demokratikong rebolusyon sa buong Asya/Kaya, napakataas ng karangalan ni Bonifacio. Bukod dito y mapanghawak si Bonifacio sa mabubuting simulain, sa diwa ng kalyaan, kapantayan, at kapatiran, kaya 370 TEODORO: Andres Bonifacio: Pamana sa Lipunan, Kalinangan, at Kasaysayan
2 nagpapatuloy ang kanyang inspirasyon. Iniaatas ng makata na siya y tularan at isulong Ang simulain niya hanggang ganap na ipagtagumpay,/lumaban upang gapiin ang imperyalismo at reaksyon,/kamtin ang kalayaan at tumungo sa sosyalismo. Madaling maisakonteksto ang nilalaman, maging ang anyo, gayundin ang ideolohiya na nagsilbing patnubay at gabay, o simpleng nasa likod, sa pagsulat ng tula. Pinuno o lider ng Kilusang Pambansa-Demokratiko ng Pilipinas, at hindi naman itinatangging tagapagtatag ng Kabataang Makabayan at Komite Sentral ng Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (Lumbera et al. 2013, 269) ang makata. Para mas maunawaan ang diwa o pinakabuod ng kanyang kaisipan, nararapat lamang na basahin din ang Foreword (Sison 2013a) o paunang salita/pambungad, sa Ingles, sa unahan ng aklat. Kasunod nito ang mga tema na inayos at iniayon sa mga simulaing ipinaglalaban ng Kilusang Pambansa-Demokratiko: Remembering the Supremo, Affirming the National Democratic Struggle, The Continuing Relevance of Bonifacio and the Katipunan to Contemporary People s Movements and Protests, Bonifacio and the Struggle Against All Forms of Exploitation and Oppression, at Appropriating Bonifacio and Fidelity to the 1896 Revolution. Basahin din nang mabuti ang nilalaman ng Literary Folio laluna t alinsunod ang mensahe ng nilalaman sa mga nabanggit na tema. Mahalagang sipiin ang ilang nangingibabaw na ideya at pahayag sa naturang Foreword. Halimbawa y Bonifacio grasped the ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity by reading books about the French revolution and sifting the essence of liberal democracy from the Propaganda Movement. Na hanggang sa kasalukuyang and in the generations to come, when we speak of continuing the Philippine revolution, the icon that comes instantly to our minds is that of Andres Bonifacio, the Great Plebeian Malaking galang din o pagpipitaganan ang ipinakita sa paglalarawan kay Bonifacio as Father of the Filipino Nation and the Philippine Revolution : una, Bonifacio had nobility and purity of character and purpose dahil sa tinupad niya ang kanyang pasiya na paglingkuran ang sambayanan sa pagpupunyaging lumaban tungo sa pambansang kalayaan at katarungang panlipunan; ikalawa, Bonifacio was brilliant laluna t pinag-aralan niya ang kasaysayan at kapanahong kalagayan at katayuan ng sambayanan, higit sa lahat ang nagpapakahirap na masang Pilipino; ikatlo, Bonifacio was courageous sapagkat di nasansala o nahadlangan ng mga gawaing pananakot ng mga kaaway; at ikaapat, mapagkumbaba niyang inialok kay Rizal ang pamumuno ng rebolusyon. Ngunit kakaiba si Bonifacio kay Rizal na did not have that revolutionary kind of wisdom, closeness to the masses, and daring to make that crucial judgment of accepting the offer of leadership. Paghahambing sa pagitan ni Bonifacio at ng sumukong si Aguinaldo ang sunod na pinagtuunan ng pansin ng may-akda. Mapangangatwiran, nanindigan ang may-akda, ang ganitong paghahambing: A comparison between Bonifacio and Aguinaldo is one between a great patriot and a repeatedly proven traitor (Sison 2013a, 12). Kaakit-akit ang ganitong argumento, laluna kung isaalang-alang ang paniniwala ni Pieter Geyl (Hughes-Warrington 2000, 119), na inilatag sa kanyang akdang Napoleon For and Against, hinggil sa kalikasan ng kasaysayan. 371 TEODORO: Andres Bonifacio: Pamana sa Lipunan, Kalinangan, at Kasaysayan
3 Sa katunayan, ang kasaysayan, aniya, ay walang katapusang argumento. Nariyan ang pagtatalo, pangangatwiran, at pagpapaliwanag sa lahat ng pagtatangkang hanapin at tiyakin ang katotohanan. Ang pagpanig o pagkontra ( for o against ) sa isang tao, pangyayari o usapin sa kasaysayan ay maaaring maimpluwesyahan ng pagkiling o pagtataguyod sa isang ideolohiya o programang pulitikal. Bawat kongklusyon ay maaaring hamunin, pag-alinlanganan, at hingan ng katibayan yamang tunay na masalimuot ang kasaysayan na hinuhubog ng mga nagbabagong kalagayan at pangyayari. Talaga ngang nababatay sa pagpapaliwanag, pagpapakahulugan, at pagtatasa ang bawat pananaw sa kasaysayan, base sa isang personal na pagtingin o perspektiba, na kailangan din namang nakabatay sa ebidensya. Marahil maaaring pagtalunan ang paghahambing na ginawa sa pagitan ni Bonifacio at Aguinaldo at sumentro sa paksang Bonifacio/Aguinaldo For and Against. Sa larangan pa rin ng panulaan sa pagkakaugnay nito sa himagsikan at sa radikal na nasyunalismo ng Katipunan (Lagahit Flores 2013a, 63), ibig sabihi y bilang wika o salita ng sandata, maihahanay rin ang iba pang sanaysay 3 na bumubuo sa kasalukuyang antolohiya ng mga pag-aaral sa alaala ng ika-150 kaarawan ni Bonifacio. Pinahalagahan din ang ilang tula nina Gregoria de Jesus, Procopio Bonifacio (ayon kay Jose P. Santos), at Emilio Jacinto, at mga kaugnay na tula ni Jose Corazon de Jesus ( Huseng Batute ) na nilikha noong ikatlong dekada ng dantaon 20, at ni Emmanuel Lacaba na isa sa mga sumunod sa yapak ni Bonifacio sa larangan ng pakikidigma at pagiging inspirasyon sa panitikan at pagkamakata. Mahalaga ring pagtuunan ng kritikal na pagbasa ang artikulo hinggil sa tulang Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Bayan sa panahon ng Internet (Barrios 2013), yamang napapanahon nga, at naglalayong tahakin ang nilandas ng tula sa orihinal na mga bersiyon nito tungo sa mga saling isinagawa at tungo sa larangan ng musika at teatro. Nakapaloob ang pag-aaral laluna sa larangan ng sosyolohiya ng literatura/panitikan yamang ang nais gawin ng manunuri ay tingnan ang paglalakbay at pagtanggap ng tula hanggang sa posibleng kasalukuyang pagbasa natin ng tula sa kasalukuyang panahon ng internet, kung saan naedit na ang tula. Dahil sa paglalakbay, migrasyon o paglilipat-lipat ng Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Bayan, maitatanong kung bakit naging mas kaunti na ang mga saknong nito. Mauunawaan ang pag-aaral sa konteksto ng nagbabagong panahon, gayundin sa pagkakaugnay ng kultura at teknolohiya, yamang downloadable na ang awitin sa maraming bersiyon, at puwede nang magtanong ang mga estudyante online kung ano nga ba ang sinasabi o pangkalahatang mensahe ng tula, na sa unang nakilala ng may-akda bilang awit na may pamagat na Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa, na inawit sa mga kilosprotesta mula 1971 hanggang Tinalakay rito ang dalawang bersiyon ng orihinal na teksto, na isang primaryang batis sa kasaysayang pangkalinangan, gayundin ang Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Bayan sa pagkakasalin ni Epifanio de los Santos, ang Pag-ibig sa 372 TEODORO: Andres Bonifacio: Pamana sa Lipunan, Kalinangan, at Kasaysayan
4 Tinubuang Lupa bilang Amor a la patria sa pahayagang Revita Filipina, 2 (Nobyembre 1917), mga pahina (Barrios 2013, 250). 4 II. Kinapapalooban din ang aklat ng mga sanaysay na nakasalig sa malalawak na larangan ng kalinangan, lipunan, at kasaysayan sa pagkakaugnay ng mga ito sa paggunita sa buhay at nagbabagong panahon ni Bonifacio, at sa nagpapatuloy niyang kahalagahan hanggang sa kasalukuyan. Ito y mababasa, halimbawa, sa Si Bonifacio sa Gunita ng mga Manlilikha (Lumbera 2013b), sa larangan man ito ng arkitektura, halimbawa y sa monumentong nilikha ni Guillermo Tolentino; sa tulang Bonifacio ni Amado V. Hernandez, at sa tatlong dula ni Domingo G. Landicho: Unang Alay, Sa Bagwis ng Sigwa, at Dapithapon, at ang saysay ng mga ito sa panahon ng diktadurang Marcos kung kaila y maituturing nang paghamon sa mapaniil na paghaharing militar ni Marcos ang pagungkat sa usapin ng himagsika t rebolusyon (Lumbera 2013b, 86). Mula naman sa likhang-pintura ni Carlos Botong Francisco ang pabalat ng aklat na nakatuon sa kabayanihan ni Bonifacio, laluna sa kanyang paghihimasik o pagpapakita ng bagsik laban sa mga puwersang kaaway ng sambayanang Pilipino. Sa kasaysayan ng sining sa Pilipinas, ang representasyon ng mga bayani, sa pintura, potograpiya, iskultura, maging sa selyo, barya, at perang-papel, ay isang paksa na pinagtutuunan ng mga pagaaral na isinagawa ng mga manunuri ng sining. Tinalakay ito nang masinsinan sa isang sanaysay hinggil sa pagsasalarawan sa buhay at diwa ni Andres Bonifacio bilang rebolusyonaryo (Ito 2013). Sinuri rito ang ang dalawang obra ni Guillermo Tolentino, mga pinaniniwalaang retrato ng bayani, mga pinturang historikal, gayundin ang tinatawag na public art na kinabibilangan ng pera t salapi, gayundin ng mga monumento na nakatuon sa memoryalisasyon ng bayani, na waring nagsasabi sa publiko na gunitain o alalahanin ang bayani sa pamamagitan ng pagtatayo ng isang bantayog sa karangalan niya. Laluna na si Bonifacio na nagpapagunita sa atin sa bayani bilang simbolo ng nationalist and plebeian struggle for sovereignty from imperial and elite hegemony. Masaklaw ang kasalukuyang antolohiya na kinapapalooban ng mga pag-aaral hinggil sa kasarian, bakla sa rebolusyon (Madula 2013), mga artistang naging bilanggong pulitikal (Rodriguez 2013) mula sa panahon ng mga dulang sedisyoso hanggang sa Bartolina ni Amado V. Hernandez, at sa Bicutan na naging Camp Bagong Diwa sa panahon ng Martial Law na naging lunan ng malikhaing produksyon. Pinaksa rin ang kababaihan (Taguiwalo 2013) laluna ang ugat ng pang-aapi sa kababaihan ayon sa paglilinaw ni Friedrich Engels sa Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State (1884), gayundin ang kahalagahan ng partisipasyon ng kababaihan sa mga makasaysayang pagbabagong panlipunan. Inilahad din ang panuntunan ng Katipunan hinggil sa kababaihan, na 373 TEODORO: Andres Bonifacio: Pamana sa Lipunan, Kalinangan, at Kasaysayan
5 nagbibigay-diin sa pagkakapantay-pantay ng babae t lalaki at ang respeto t galang sa babae, laluna t may malinaw na pagbabawal ang Katipunan sa pangangalunya at pangaabuso sa kababaihan. Sa pagpapatuloy ng Rebolusyong 1896 sa kasalukuyang panahon, muling binigyang-diin ng may-akda, alinsunod sa akdang Lipunan at Rebolusyong Pilipino ni Amado Guerrero, ang kahalagahan ng kababaihan sa pagsusulong ng Kilusang Pambansa-Demokratiko. Maituturing na isang bago at orihinal na paksa ang artikulong nakatuon sa ugnayang Pilipinas-Indonesya (Guillermo 2013), laluna kay Andres Bonifacio bilang bayaning proletaryo ng mga bansang nabanggit, bagama t may banggit din kay Jose Rizal hinggil sa pagkakahalintulad ng kanyang Filipinas dentro de cien años (1891) sa isang akda ni Tan Malaka ( ), na pinamagatang Dari Penjara ke Penjara (Mula Bilangguan patungong Bilangguan). Ibinatay ang pag-aaral sa mga primaryang batis na nakasulat sa Bahasa Indonesia na sunod na isinalin sa Filipino. Nagbigay ng sapat na mga talang historikal ang may-akda at mula rito y malalaman na si Tan Malaka, lider ng Partai Komunis Indonesia (Partido Komunista ng Indonesya) ay naging pinuno ng Komintern para sa Timog-Silangang Asya, pagkatapos ay napadpad at nanatili sa Pilipina mula 1925 hanggang Nagkita rin sila ni Crisanto Evangelista, tagapagtatag ng Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP). Pinaksa rin ni Tan Malaka ang Pilipinas sa isang kabanata sa akdang Dari Penjara ke Penjara. Nagbibigay-kabatiran din ang isinagawang pananaliskik hinggil sa mga bayaning Indones: mga pinuno at bayani ng Majapahit, mga bayaning Muslim, at mga bayaning intelektwal at moderno. Tumingin din si Tan Malaka sa labas ng Indonesia patungong Pilipinas. Bakit at paano pinahalagahan ni Tan Malaka si Rizal, at laluna si Bonifacio bilang isang bayani ng Indonesia at bayani ng uring proletaryo? Sinasagot ito ng masusing pagtalakay ng mayakda sa kanyang artikulo (Guillermo 2013). Ngunit, para kay Tan Malaka, nakamit ni Bonifacio ang malaking bahagi ng kanyang misyon, higit sa nakamit ng ibang mga Indones. Siya ang ama ng Katipunan, partidong rebolusyonaryo na nanguna sa pagtataas ng bandila ng kalayaan si Bonifacio ang pinakauna, hindi lamang sa Pilipinas, kundi sa buong Indonesia, oo, sa buong Asia na nanggaling sa, at edukado bilang, proletaryado, na nag-organisa ng mga proletaryo. Higit kay Dr. Rizal ay naunawaan ni Bonifacio ang lakas ng proletaryo III. Itinatampok din ang ilang historikal na konsepto sa mga sanaysay sa pagtatangkang pagugnay-ugnayin ang mga ito para mapatingkad ang paksa at ang isinusulong na argumento at pangkalahatang ideya. Waring ang mga ito y matatalik na magkakaibigan na nagkakaunawaaang mabuti. Halimbawa y sa pagitan ng katwiran, kalayaan, katubusan, TEODORO: Andres Bonifacio: Pamana sa Lipunan, Kalinangan, at Kasaysayan
6 talambuhay, gunita, kasaysayan, at himagsikan (Gealogo 2013a), o kaya y ang pamilyar na kapuso, kapatid, kapamilya. 6 Maidaragdag sa kabilang banda ang magkasalungat na kataga na courage at betrayal, na kumakatawan sa mga makasaysayang pagtutunggali ng mga uring panlipunan na makikita sa isang tiyak na sandali sa nakaraan (Alamon 2013), na humantong sa pagkapaslang kay Bonifacio at sa kanyang dalawang kapatid. Malinaw sa may-akda na dalawang magkasalungat na direksiyon ang katapangan at pagtataksil, dalawang kabaligtaran sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas bilang isang bansa. Kasalungat ng elite ang masa, at maaari itong obserbahan at siyasatin sa bawat yugto ng kasaysayang panlipunan ng bansa. Sa katunayan, mayaman at hitik na hitik sa mga konsepto at teorya ang kasalukuyang aklat, gayundin sa mga prase, salita t kataga na maaaring bago sa pandinig ng ordinaryong mambabasa. Kailangang makabubuo ng glosaryo o talahuluganan ng mga ito. Maisasama rito, halimbawa, ang rebolusyonaryong sandali (revolutionary moment), weapon of choice, protracted war, ruptures and contradictions, radikal na nasyunalismo, planking and noynoying, performativity of protest, beki, intersecting spaces, leaderless utopia, imperialist apocalyticism, at revolutionary messianism (Lanuza 2013), divine violence, messianic kingdom, Augenblick, at iba pa, gaya ng apocaholism or the obsession with the end times. Mahalaga rin para sa mambabasa na isaalang-alang ang mga sanggunian 7 na ginamit at nakatala sa hulihan ng mga artikulo. Maaaring balikan ang mga ito para mas maunawaan ang nilalaman ng bawat pag-aaral. Makatutulong din ang mga ito sa mga mananaliksik na nagbabalak gumawa ng mga kaugnay na pag-aaral. Ang ilan ay primariyang batis, halimbawa y mga memoir ni Santiago Alvarez, Artemio Ricarte, at Pio Valenzuela, mga gunita ng himagsikan ni Emilio Aguinaldo, mga tala ni Gregoria de Jesus, gayundin ang Maikling Kasaysayan ng Himagsikan sa Pilipinas ni Pantaleon Garcia, mga akda ni Tan Malaka, at iba pa. Ang iba nama y mga pangalawa o sekundaryong batis: mga akda ni Teodoro Agoncillo, Jose Maria Sison laluna ang Philippine Society and Revolution, Reynaldo Ileto, Walter Benjamin, H.K. Bhabha, E. San Juan, Jr., at marami pang iba na pumapaksa sa teoryang panlipunan, kultura, pulitika, pilosopiya, maging media at media postmodernism. Kailangang paghandaan ng mambabasa di lamang ang pagbasa sa mismong aklat na sinusuri kundi maging ang pag-unawa sa mga teorya, konsepto, gayundin ang mga sanggunian at batis na ginamit. Sa pamamagitan nito y mas magiging kapakipakinabang ang pagbasa sa aklat di lamang bilang isa mga sanggunian hinggil kay Andres Bonifacio at nagpapatuloy niyang kahalagahan sa pananaw ng Kilusang Pambansa-Demokratiko kundi maging sa agham panlipunan na nananatiling bukas sa malayang kaisipan. 375 TEODORO: Andres Bonifacio: Pamana sa Lipunan, Kalinangan, at Kasaysayan
7 Talahuli 1 Halimbawa nito ang kontribusyon ni E. San Juan, Jr. (2013). 2 Mga halimbawa nito ang mga kontribusyon nina Ipe Soco (2013), Melania Lagahit Flores (2013b), Rogelio Ordoñez (2013), Richard Gappi (2013), at Bienvenido Lumbera (2013a). 3 Mga halimbawa nito ang mga kontribusyon nina Rolando Tolentino (2013) at Francis A. Gealogo (2013b). 4 Tingnan laluna na ang malalim na pagsusuri ng mag-akda sa mga naunang pahina (Barrios 2013, ). 5 Halimbawa nito ang kontribusyon ni San Juan, Jr. (2013). 6 Mga halimbawa nito ang mga kontribusyon nina Tolentino (2013) at Gealogo (2013b). 7 Tingnan halimbawa ang mga pahina 15-16, 54-56, 82-83, , 153, 182, , , Sanggunian Alamon, Arnold Courage and Betrayal. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, Salita ng Sandata: Barrios, Joi Pagtalunton sa Paglalakbay ng Tulang Pag-Ibig sa Tinubuang Bayan sa Panahon ng Internet. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles. Quezon City: IBON Foundation, Inc. Gappi, Richard Sa mga Anak ng Bayan. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, Salita ng Sandata: Gealogo, Francis A. 2013a. Gregoria de Jesus: Talambuhay, Gunita, Kasaysayan, at Himagsikan. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles. Quezon City: IBON Foundation, Inc. Gealogo, Francis A. 2013b. Kapuso, Kapatid, Kapamilya: Mga Tulang Alay kina Andres Bonifacio at sa Inangbayan. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, Salita ng Sandata: 376 TEODORO: Andres Bonifacio: Pamana sa Lipunan, Kalinangan, at Kasaysayan
8 Guillermo, Ramon Andres Bonifacio: Bayaning Proletaryo ng Pilipinas at Indonesia. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles. Quezon City: IBON Foundation, Inc. Hughes-Warrington, Marnie Pieter Geyl. Nasa Fifty Key Thinkers on History, mayakda Marnie Hughes-Warrington, London at New York: Routledge. Ito, Lisa Visualizing the Revolutionary: Representations of Andres Bonifacio in Philippine Art History. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles. Quezon City: IBON Foundation, Inc. Lagahit Flores, Melania. 2013a. Anti-Kolonyalismong Nasyunalismo ng Rebolusyong 1896: Pangako at Pagdurugtong sa Demokratikong Rebolusyong Bayan. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles. Quezon City: IBON Foundation, Inc. Lagahit Flores Melania. 2013b. Iyang Tiwarik na Kamalayan: Mula Bayang Kolonyal Tungo Neokolonyal. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles. Quezon City: IBON Foundation, Inc. Lanuza, Gerry M Recovering the Revolutionary Messianism of Andres Bonifacio in the Era of Imperial Apocalypticism. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, Salita ng Sandata: Lumbera, Bienvenido. 2013a. Ang Supremo, Matapos Mag-ulat ni Dr. Valenzuela Tungkol sa Tugon ni Dr. Jose Rizal. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, 93. Salita ng Sandata: 377 TEODORO: Andres Bonifacio: Pamana sa Lipunan, Kalinangan, at Kasaysayan
9 Lumbera, Bienvendio. 2013b. Si Bonifacio sa Gunita ng mga Manlilikha. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles. Quezon City: IBON Foundation, Inc. Lumbera, Bienvenido, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, mga pat Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles. Quezon City: IBON Foundation, Inc. Madula, Rowell D Kung Beki si Boni: Pagsipat sa Diksursong Pangkasarian sa Loob ng Communist Party of the Philippines. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles. Quezon City: IBON Foundation, Inc. Ordoñez, Rogelio Alay sa Bayaning Mandirigma (Gat. Andres Bonifacio). Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles. Quezon City: IBON Foundation, Inc. Rodriguez, Rommel B Aling Pag-ibig pa sa Likod ng Rehas. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles. Quezon City: IBON Foundation, Inc. San Juan, Jr., E Handog kay Andres Bonifacio: Katwiran, Kalayaan, Katubusan. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles. Quezon City: IBON Foundation, Inc. Sison, Jose Maria. 2013a. Foreword. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, i-vi. Salita ng Sandata: 378 TEODORO: Andres Bonifacio: Pamana sa Lipunan, Kalinangan, at Kasaysayan
10 Sison, Jose Maria. 2013b. Parangal kay Ka Andres Bonifacio. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles. Quezon City: IBON Foundation, Inc. Soco, Ipe Kay Oryang, Lakambini ng Katipunan. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, 104. Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles. Quezon City: IBON Foundation, Inc. Taguiwalo, Judy M Ang Usapin ng Kababaihan, ang Katipunan at ang Kasalukuyang Rebolusyonaryong Kilusan. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, Salita ng Sandata: Tolentino, Rolando B Bonifacio at ang Imahinasyonng Rebolusyonaryong Sandali. Nasa Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles, mga pat. Bienvenido Lumbera, Judy Taguiwalo, Rolando B. Tolentino, Gerry Lanuza, at Gonzalo Campoamor II, Salita ng Sandata: Bonifacio s Legacies to the People s Struggles. Quezon City: IBON Foundation, Inc. 379 TEODORO: Andres Bonifacio: Pamana sa Lipunan, Kalinangan, at Kasaysayan
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