Answers for Chapter 12 Masters

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1 Answers for Chapter 2 Masters Scaffolding Answers Scaffolding for Getting Started Activity pp A. 20-sided die: one on the die, 20 numbers on the die, 2 0 Spinner A: one on the spinner, 0 numbers on the spinner, 0 3 Spinner B: 3 spaces with a on the spinner, 2 spaces altogether, 26 0-by-0 dartboard: 26 squares with, 00 squares altogether, 00 4 Deck of cards: 4 cards with a, 40 cards in the deck, 4 = 0 0 A. B. Probability of getting a Method Fraction form Decimal form Percent form 20-sided die % Spinner A % 3 Spinner B = % 26 0-by-0 dartboard = % 2 = 3 50 Deck of cards (no J, Q, or K) = 0. 0% 0 C. he 0-by-0 dartboard D. For example, I think the percent form is best for comparing the methods because all the numbers are out of 00 and you can easily see which one is the highest. Scaffolding for Do You Remember? Question 5 pp a) green, red, blue b) G-G, G-R, G-B st marble R 2nd marble G Outcome R G R Outcome R R B Outcome R B st marble B 2nd marble G Outcome B G R Outcome B R B Outcome B B All the possible two-marble outcomes are G-G, G-R, G-B, R-G, R-R, R-B, B-G, B-R, B-B. Copyright 2006 by homson Nelson Chapter 2 Answers 69

2 c) st marble 2nd marble 3rd marble Outcome G G G G-G-G G G R G-G-R G G B G-G-B G R G G-R-G G R R G-R-R G R B G-R-B G B G G-B-G G B R G-B-R G B B G-B-B st marble 2nd marble 3rd marble Outcome R G G R-G-G R G R R-G-R R G B R-G-B R R G R-R-G R R R R-R-R R R B R-R-B R B G R-B-G R B R R-B-R R B B R-B-B st marble 2nd marble 3rd marble Outcome B G G B-G-G B G R B-G-R B G B B-G-B B R G B-R-G B R R B-R-R B R B B-R-B B B G B-B-G B B R B-B-R B B B B-B-B Scaffolding for esson 2.2, Question p. 59. otal number of balls is 5. b) P(0) = 5 8 c) P(an odd number) = 5 d) P(an even number) = 5 3 e) P(solid red, yellow, or green) = = 5 5 f) P(a number less than 20) = 5 5 = 0 Chapter 2: Probability Copyright 2006 by homson Nelson

3 Scaffolding for esson 2.3, Question 0 pp a) st Score 2nd Score 3rd Score otal Score st Score 2nd Score 3rd Score otal Score b) 6 3, 0.98, 98% 64 Scaffolding for esson 2.4, Question 9, p eads or ails; eads or ails; eads or ails; eads or ails Penny Nickel Dime 5 a) 6 different ways b) 6 Quarter Outcome Copyright 2006 by homson Nelson Chapter 2 Answers

4 Scaffolding for esson 2.5, Question 6 p st Die 2nd Die Sum st Die 2nd Die Sum st Die 2nd Die Sum number of outcomes that have a total of total number of possible outcomes 2 = = st oss 2nd oss 3rd oss Outcome number of outcomes that have 3 eads in a row total number of possible outcomes = 8 ossing a coin and getting 3 eads in a row has a greater probability because 8 is greater than 8. Chapter est Master pp a) 5 0, 0.02, 2% b) 2 5, 0.5, 50% 50 6 c) 5 0, 0.2, 2% d) 8, 0.6, 6% a) 2 9 b) 4 9 c) 3 9 d) 3 9 e) 6 9 f) Chapter 2: Probability Copyright 2006 by homson Nelson

5 3. a) Quarters Dimes Nickels Pennies 4. here are 8 possible combinations. b) ens digit Ones digit Number here are 45 two-digit numbers less than 00 with a tens digit that is greater than the ones digit. Copyright 2006 by homson Nelson Chapter 2 Answers 3

6 5. a) RAS RA RES RE RIS RI ROS RO RUS RU 6 b) 8 = 3 6. a) st Game SAR SER SIR SOR SUR SA SE SI SO SU AR ER IR OR UR AS ES IS OS US 2nd Game 3rd Game 4th Game Outcome here is a probability that a player will win all 4 games. 6. a) Jennie can have 6 different lunches: soup-sandwich, soup-pasta, soup-salad, sandwich-salad, sandwich-pasta, salad-pasta, sandwich-pasta. b) 6 c) 2 6 st Game 8. a) here are 24 possible prices: b) 2, or 0.5, or 50% 24 Chapter 2 ask Master pp A. Rock: or 33% 2 Paper: or 33% 2 Scissors: or 33% 2 2nd Game 3rd Game 4th Game Outcome 4 Chapter 2: Probability Copyright 2006 by homson Nelson

7 B. For example, Experiment in ose Draw 8 C. = 40% 2 0 D. & E. For example, Experiment in ose Draw I used the strategy of always picking the last choice my partner made. 9 E. = 45% 2 0 F. Answers will vary G. For example, I would not use a strategy to play Rock, Paper, Scissors because my partner figured out my strategy very quickly during the game and, as a result, I lost the game. Answers to esson, Explore the Math (continued from p. 8) F.. For example, Probability based on your data Probability First Second based on Outcome experiment experiment Combined class data N-N-N 2 0 = 35% 5 20 = 25% 2 40 = 30% 20 = 30% 5 N-N- 2 0 = 25% 2 20 = 0% 40 =.5% 60 = 5% 0 N = 0% 2 20 = 0% 2 40 = 5% 30 =.5% 4 N--N 2 0 = 20% 4 20 = 20% 8 40 = 20% 60 = 5% -N-N 2 0 = 5% 4 20 = 20% 5 40 = 2.5% 60 = 5% 2 -N- 2 0 = 0% 20 = 5% 3 40 =.5% 30 =.5% --N 2 0 = 5% 2 20 = 0% 3 40 =.5% 30 =.5% = 0% 0 20 = 0% 0 40 = 0% 6 = 4% he experimental probabilities from the two experiments are close but not the same. G. For example, the experimental probabilities from the combined results are the average of the results of the individual experiments. Copyright 2006 by homson Nelson Chapter 2 Answers 5

8 Answers to esson 3, Key Assessment of earning Question (from p. 3) 0. (Problem Solving) a) st dart 2nd dart 3rd dart st dart 2nd dart 3rd dart score score score otal Score score score score otal Score b) here is only way for Samantha to get 30 points by scoring 0 points with each dart. P(total score less than 30) = Answers to esson 4, Reflecting (continued from p. 35). a) At each step of an event you are able to make choices, indicated by arrows on a tree diagram. After you have completed the tree diagram you can follow the arrows to list all the possible outcomes. b) You count up all the possible outcomes. he probability then is the ratio of favourable outcomes over the total number of possible outcomes. c) In both tree diagrams and organized lists, you are using a form of graphic organizer to help you find all possible outcomes of combinations. 6 Chapter 2: Probability Copyright 2006 by homson Nelson

9 2. a) 32. here are twice as many outcomes for a family of five children as for a family of four children. b) 64. You take the number of possible outcomes for the family of five children. You know for each of those outcomes you add an extra child. hat child can be a boy or a girl. So there are two possible outcomes from each possible outcome from the family with one less child. 3. hat way you won t get the views mixed up. Answers to esson 5, earn About the Math (continued from p. 38) A. st Die 2nd Die Outcome Summary - Matching 2-2 Consecutive 3-3 Alike 4-4 Different 5-5 Alike 6-6 Different 2 2- Consecutive Matching Consecutive Alike Different Alike 3 3- Alike Consecutive Matching Consecutive Alike Different 4 4- Different Alike Consecutive Matching Consecutive Alike 5 5- Alike Different Alike Consecutive Matching Consecutive 6 6- Different Alike Different Alike Consecutive Matching B. Alike = 2 36 ; Consecutive = ; Matching = ; Different = C. Alike, consecutive, different, matching D. On each turn, matching beats anything, different beats consecutive and alike, consecutive beats alike, and alike always loses. Copyright 2006 by homson Nelson Chapter 2 Answers

10 E. For example, Result ally alike = = 0.35 = 35% consecutive = = = 0.25 = 25% matching = = =.20 = 20% different = = =.20 = 20% F. For example, my experimental results are somewhat similar to the theoretical probability. I have the same order from greatest to least probability. Answers to Cumulative Review (continued from p. 4) 0. d) e) f) Surface area of box: Area of front and back = 2 (2.5 cm 6 cm) = 2 5 cm 2 = 50 cm 2 Area of top and bottom = 2 (4 cm 6 cm) = 2 24 cm 2 = 48 cm 2 Area of both sides = 2 (4 cm 2.5 cm) = 2 50 cm 2 = 00 cm 2 otal surface area = 50 cm cm cm 2 = 298 cm 2 g) Volume of box = 2.5 cm 6 cm 4 cm = 300 cm 3 cm 3 = m, so 300 cm 3 = 300 m 8 Chapter 2: Probability Copyright 2006 by homson Nelson