BATS of WISCONSIN. Wisconsin Lakes Partnership Convention March You need bats. Bats need you!
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1 BATS of WISCONSIN Wisconsin Lakes Partnership Convention March You need bats. Bats need you! J. Paul White Mammal Ecologist Bureau of Natural Heritage Conservation
2 BATS AROUND THE WORLD Insect pest control Seed spreaders Pollinators Photo by Merlin Tuttle
3 Why bats need protection Gather in large numbers Reliance on critical habitat Long-lived One baby (pup) per year
4 Bat predators Snakes Owls Hawks Raccoons Cats Photo: Alperry.com
5 Wisconsin bats Insectivorous Predators Hungry!
6 Wisconsin bats are valuable Bats eat agricultural pests which means fewer pesticides used Corn borers, cutworm moths, potato beetles, & grasshoppers $658 million - $1.5 billion annually in Wisconsin alone Photo by Christian Fischer
7 Wisconsin bat groups: Tree Bats Silver-haired Bat Red Bat Hoary Bat Cave Bats Little Brown Bat Big Brown Bat Eastern Pipistrelle/Tri-colored Bat Northern Long-eared Bat
8 Bats of Wisconsin Tree Bats Photo by Paul Cryan Photo by Lynn Robbins
9 Overwintering above ground? In temperate zones, flying insects are only abundant for about half the year Photo: WDNR
10 The solution: Hibernate Many species of bats spend > half their lives hibernating
11 Survival by Hibernation Deep torpor for prolonged periods Air temperatures 0-15ºC Body temperatures 1-2ºC above air temperature Energy expenditure minimal in hibernation Most fat energy goes into periodic arousals (warming) Drink, urinate, mate, move Hibernation usually safe
12 WISCONSIN BATS Eptesicus fuscus Big brown bat Cave bat Eats beetles Roost in buildings and bat boxes Hibernates in cold, dry conditions Status: state threatened
13 WISCONSIN BATS Myotis lucifugus Little brown bat Cave bat Roosts in trees, attics, buildings Hibernates in stable, humid conditions Status: state threatened
14 WISCONSIN BATS Perimyotis sublavus Eastern pipistrelle Cave bat Smallest WI bat Solitary in summer & winter Hibernates in warmer, more humid conditions AKA tri-colored bat Status: state threatened
15 WISCONSIN BATS Myotis septentrionalis Northern long-eared bat Cave bat Little known about summer habits Hibernates in cracks & crevices Status: state threatened & federally threatened
16 Goal & Approach Prevent extinction, monitor bat health, status, and trends, while implementing adaptive management actions to sustain or recover one of Wisconsin s greatest natural resources for the benefit of future generations. Acoustic Surveys Bat Roost Surveys Citizen-Based Monitoring Cave & Mine Catalogue Research & Develop new technologies Adaptive management & conservation strategies Partnerships
17 Bats need protection. Threats to bats worldwide & close to home- Habitat loss and destruction Winter and summer habitat Human interaction Direct killing, poisoning, extermination, food Pesticide impacts Lack of public understanding of their benefits Climate change Wind farms Disease White-nose syndrome (WNS)
18 HOW DOES THE DNR STUDY BATS?
19 WISCONSIN BATS Annual cycle Cave & mines
20 WINTER FIELD WORK Winter
21 Wisconsin s suitable bat hibernacula (approx. 150 total sites) Type of site Tunnel 10% Mine 28% Cave 62% Bat count Tier 1 (50,000+) 2% Tier 2 ( ) 7% Tier 3 (60 300) 11% Tier 5(1 10) 57% Tier 4(10 60) 23%
22 DNR hibernacula monitoring Count & ID species Check for marked individuals WNS disease surveillance
23 WNS: WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME Photo by Al Hicks The most precipitous decline in North American wildlife in recorded history. USFWS
24 WNS: SIGNS & SYMPTOMS Wing damage & low body weight Presence of fungus Altered behavior
25 When Hibernation Goes Wrong Things that increase arousals from hibernation can deplete a bat s winter fat reserve too fast Disturbance Grooming Dehydration Irritation or pain Fungal infection may also injure bats enough to directly cause death Fat Autumn Winter Spring
26 WNS: OVERALL DECLINE OF 95% OR GREATER Ann Froschauer/USFWS
27 WNS: SUMMARY Cause Cold-loving fungus Detected in NY state in 2006 Pseudogymnoascus destructans Presence 27 states & 5 Canadian provinces (2016) Affected 7 species of hibernating bats (2014) Nearly half of the 47 species in N. America rely on hibernation for winter survival Dead 6 million+ bats (2012)
28 WNS: TRANSMISSION Bat bat fall swarm, hibernation Cave bat fungal spores present on walls and in sediment Cave human bat mud picked up by individuals during cave visitation may contain fungal spores
29 WNS: SPREAD
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31 WNS: REGIONAL EXTINCTIONS
32 WNS: WDNR RESPONSE Established partnerships Established baseline in advance WNS research participation Planning for the future: implementation strategy, education, establishing funds Legal protections & listings
33 SUMMER FIELD WORK Summer
34 Mist netting Summer
35 Summer Banding
36 Summer Telemetry
37 Roost video
38 Citizen-based monitoring
39 Citizen Roost monitoring Most roosts are maternity colonies where females gather to birth, nurse, and rear their pups Volunteers count bats as they emerge from roosts just after sunset; enter data on website Goal is to conduct one count in June before pups can fly and a second count later in summer when the pups also emerge
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41 Impacts of WNS? No. of Bats
42 The Great Wisconsin Bat Count 2 nd Annual Count: Count as many roosts as possible in a single weekend 1 st Count: June nd Count: July For more information please contact Heather.Kaarakka@Wisconsin.gov
43 Roosts Unknown
44 Citizen Acoustic bat monitoring Who is here? Where are they? Trained volunteers conduct surveys Driving, boating, or walking routes They collect data, we analyze it
45 Echolocation High frequency noises emitted through mouth or nose & listening for returning echoes Used for navigation & capturing prey in the dark
46 Pre-determined acoustic routes
47 Species identification Little brown bat Myotis lucifugus Eastern Red bat Lasiurus borealis
48 Hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) capturing an insect
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54 Sick and Dead Bat Reports
55 Track and Respond to wildlife diseases Collect carcasses for research studies Discover previously unknown maternity colonies or caves/mines. Education and Outreach Sick and Dead Bat Reports
56 Bats need you. Put up a bat house. Minimum of 8 feet off the ground Not on a tree In full sun (facing south-east or south-west) Away from nearby trees Away from disturbance Photo by WI Bat Program
57 Support WI Bat Work in Perpetuity: Wisconsin Bat Conservation Fund Bats need you. Donate.
58 Questions? For information contact Or call
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