Conserving Cactus Wren Populations in the Nature Reserve of Orange County
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1 Conserving Cactus Wren Populations in the Nature Reserve of Orange County Kristine Preston Nature Reserve of Orange County Photo Karly Moore
2 Cactus Wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) Inhabits deserts in American southwest Photo Karly Moore Coastal populations restricted to cactus scrub in southern California Photo Christine Beck
3 Cactus Wren Decline
4 Today s Talk Efforts to conserve Coastal Cactus Wren Why are Cactus Wren populations declining in Orange Co? Results of Cactus Wren monitoring Restoring cactus scrub in the Coastal Reserve Photo Kris Preston
5 What Steps are Being Taken to Conserve Cactus Wrens in Southern California? Photo Karly Moore
6 Natural Community Conservation Plans (NCCP) USFWS & CDFG - designed to protect habitats & species after 1993 listing of California Gnatcatcher as federally threatened Broader than State & Federal Endangered Species Acts Objective - conserve natural communities at ecosystem scale while accommodating economic growth & development Photo Birds of North America
7 NCCP s Conserving Coastal Cactus Wren San Diego, Western Riverside County, Palos Verdes Peninsula, Orange County Photo Christine Beck
8 Photo Karly Moore Conserving Cactus Wren in Central & Coastal Orange County
9 Nature Reserve of Orange County (NROC): Orange County s Central & Coastal NCCP/HCP Established 1996 ~37,000 acres conserved Coastal & Central Reserves
10 NROC Multiple land owners & managers Three target species: orangethroated whiptail, California Gnatcatcher & Coastal Cactus Wren Coverage/ conditional coverage for 36 other species
11 Conservation of Cactus Wren in NROC NROC conserves over 4,100 acres of cactus scrub in Orange County s Central & Coastal Reserves
12 Photo Christine Beck Since we have conserved so much habitat, why are we concerned about Cactus Wren in the NROC?
13 1993 Laguna Fire burned 75% of Coastal Reserve Santiago Fire 10-07, CBS News Photo 2007 Santiago Fire burned 75% of Central Reserve Santiago Fire 10-07, CBS News Photo
14 Coastal Reserve Mapped Cactus & Wrens in ,323 acres cactus scrub, 58% unsuitable for wrens 187 acres occupied in 2006 vs. 1,470 in 1992 (87% )
15 2008 Central Reserve Post-fire Surveys 1,855 acres cactus scrub, 77% burned 683 acres suitable for wrens ~67 territories (est. 82% from 2004)
16 Cactus Wren are declining even in unburned areas of Coastal Reserve? Present at 11 sites in 2010 ( 28 territories) Missing from 5 large areas burned in 1993 Missing from 5 areas unburned in 1993????
17 Why have Cactus Wren populations declined in unburned habitat?
18 Potential Factors Contributing to the Decline of Cactus Wrens Low productivity (food limitation, nest predation) Low survivorship (predation, disease) Isolated small populations (vulnerable to local extinction with limited opportunity for individuals to disperse and recruit into population) Lack of suitable habitat
19 How important are nest predation and food limitation in Cactus Wren productivity? Population decline & low productivity during recent droughts Role of predation in nest success & individual survival unknown 30 Annual Precipitation in the Central and Coastal Subregions from 1929 to 2007 Precipitation (inches) Coastal Central Year
20 NROC Monitoring Study Objectives: Monitor individual productivity & annual survival Monitor dispersal & recruitment of individuals into local populations Identify threats to the persistence of Cactus Wren Collect genetic material for taxonomic analyses Photo Maria Carillo Photo Karly Moore
21 NROC Monitoring Team Dana Kamada, Karly Moore, Scott Thomas & Kris Preston Photo Kris Preston Photo Kris Preston Photo Kris Preston
22 Photo Trish Smith Photo Kris Preston Photo Kris Preston Photo Kris Preston Photo Elisabeth Brown Volunteers have been a BIG help surveying for Cactus Wrens
23 NROC Monitoring & Banding Effort 2009 reproductive monitoring - 34 territories at 5 sites 2010 reproductive monitoring - 47 territories at 9 sites Banded 328 birds (65 AHYs, 263 HYs) Photo Maria Carillo Photo Karly Moore
24 NROC 2010 Monitoring Study El Modena Open Space Upper Newport Bay UC Irvine Ecological Reserve City of Irvine Open Space Edison Viejo Conservation Easement Muddy Canyon
25 Reproduction % of pairs successfully produced young Average 2.5 fledglings/pair (n=32) Average 3.2 fledglings/successful pair (n=25) Unsuccessful: repeated nest predation, loss of one/both birds, late season pairing Photo Dana Kamada Photo Kris Preston
26 Reproduction 2010 Reproductive success higher in % of pairs successfully produced fledglings Average 3.3 fledglings/pr (n=46) Average 3.4 fledglings/successful pair (n=42) Phenology of initial nests highly variable Nest failure predation, starvation?, infertility Photo Karly Moore
27 How Do Compare with Previous Studies? NROC nest monitoring during extreme 2007 drought 50% of pairs produced fledglings 0.9 fls/pr (n=12) 1.6 fls/successful pair (n=7) Harmsworth San Joaquin foothills study 100% prs successful, average 4.3 fls/pr in 1997 and 4.3 fls/pair in 1998 (n=10 prs/yr) Atwood s Palos Verdes Peninsula study to 3.6 fledglings/pr (28 total prs monitored; 3-9 prs/yr over 5 yr study)
28 NROC Coastal Reserve Populations Slight Expansion in 2010 In 2010, pairs re-established in Buck Gully & Boat Canyon where wren had disappeared in 2007 City of Irvine population (4 sites) larger than anticipated in 2010 compared to 2007 surveys & 2009 anecdotal observations Photo Kris Preston
29 Adult Survival 19 of 49 (39%) of banded adults with established territories disappeared from 3-09 to 6-10 Most individuals disappeared between breeding seasons Photo Kris Preston
30 Changes in Pair Composition Cactus Wren pair composition changes between 2009 & 2010 (both members of pair banded in 2009) Pair bond status 2009 to 2010 Number of pairs % of pairs F leaves M mid-breeding season after 1st brood & breeds with another M 1 6.3% F forced out of territory by another F in % Pair dissolves after 1st breeding season, become floaters 1 6.3% Pair dissolves after 1st breeding season, obtain new territories & mates 1 6.3% F disappears mid-breeding, suspect alive with Fls, M gets 2nd F & breeds 1 6.3% Mate disappears between breeding & remaining bird gets new mate % Both birds disappear (die?) between breeding season 1 6.3% Pair remains together 2009 & 2010 breeding seasons % Total 16 For pairs changing mates: 62% divorced & 38% had partner disappear (dead?)
31 Monitored dispersal of banded birds (2010) at 18 sites (including 9 monitoring sites) El Modena Open Space Upper Newport Bay UC Irvine Ecological Reserve City of Irvine Open Space Edison Viejo Conservation Easement Muddy Canyon
32 Juvenile Dispersal Documented dispersal of 16 juveniles in 2010 (7 F, 9 M) Juveniles dispersed average 0.4 miles (straight) or 0.6 miles (through natural habitats) 9 young established breeding territory at natal site Juvenile dispersal distance less than other studies Atwood 2002 average = 1 mile, outlier Bontrager & Gorospe 1995, average = 0.8 mile, outlier = 3.5 Photo Karly Moore
33 Adult Dispersal 10 adults dispersed from 2009 locations to new 2010 territories Adult average dispersal 0.6 mile (straight line) and 1 mile (natural habitat) 80% of adult dispersals were by females Photo Karly Moore
34 Dispersal Milestones Three long distance dispersals so far Dispersing birds are crossing SR 73 Toll Road (8 lanes) Photo Karly Moore
35 Photo Karly Moore Photo Kris Preston Photo Karly Moore
36 Pair of banded juveniles disperse 2.7 miles Banded adult female with unbanded male disperse 3.1 miles
37 AHY unpaired female disperses 2.2 miles (finds mate at new site)
38 Restoration of Cactus Scrub Can take many years for cactus to grow back after fire & become suitable for wrens NROC and land managers are implementing cactus scrub restoration projects Photo Kris Preston
39 Cactus Wren Habitat Linkage Enhancement & Restoration Project NROC, TCA & UCI are restoring a linkage along SR-73 & creating breeding habitat at UCI Ecological Preserve Project is funded by CALTRANS Environmental Enhancement & Mitigation Program
40 NROC/TCA/UCI Cactus Restoration Team Valarie McFall, Transportation Corridor Agencies Margot Griswold, Restoration Ecologist, NewFields Co Nakae & Associates, Installation Contractor Kris Preston, NROC Peter Bowler UCI Project initiated fall 2010 Photo Kris Preston Photo NewFields
41 Cactus scrub restoration at UCI Ecological Preserve 4.1 acres
42 Photo Kris Preston Before Photo Kris Preston After (hopefully)
43 Photo Kris Preston Donor Site (Anteater & Bonita Creek) Photo Kris Preston
44 Photo NewFields Photo Kris Preston Photo NewFields Photo Kris Preston
45 Photo NewFields Photo NewFields Photo NewFields Photo NewFields
46 Photo NewFields Co Photo NewFields Co Photo NewFields Co Photo NewFields Co
47 Photo NewFields Co Photo NewFields Co Photo NewFields Co Photo NewFields Co
48 Photo Kris Preston Photo Kris Preston This year a new pair of Cactus Wren were observed using large transplanted cactus adjacent to mature patch of cactus scrub
49 Photo NewFields Co
50 NROC will be receiving OCTA Measure M funding to restore 8 more acres of cactus scrub at UCI in 2011 Photo Kris Preston
51 Acknowledgements Photo Karly Moore
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