Figure 1: Excavation of Test-Pit 4. Looking east. Figure 2: Test-Pit 4 post-excavation. Looking east.
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1 -Pit 4: The White House, 22 Park Street (SK ) Test-Pit 4 was excavated in lawn to the south-east of the White House, on the south side of the street. Whilst today the site is part of 22 Park Street, it was formerly part of the Cattle Market and lies to the rear of 26 Park Street, at SK (Figure 1). Over the course of two days on July 2017, the test was dug to the maximum allowed depth of 1m with ten spits recorded. The excavation was carried out by Carol Riddington, Richard Liddington, Neil Mason, John Ellis and Mathew Tallis. Figure 1: Excavation of Test-Pit 4. Looking east. Figure 2: Test-Pit 4 post-excavation. Looking east. 1
2 During the excavation, c.0.3m of turf and dark brownish-black sandy-silt topsoil (Spits 1-3) was removed. Beneath this was c.0.4m of greyish-brown clayey-silt subsoil (Spits 4-7) and c.0.3m of greyish-orange clayeysilt (Spits 8-10). Natural substratum was not reached, and no other archaeological features or deposits were recorded (Figure 2). In all, 929 individual finds (8.216kg) were recovered from the test (Table 1). Post-medieval and modern material was found throughout the pit and it was evident that the ground here was extensively reworked in the past. Aside from the expected array of modern building material, and modern and post-medieval black ware, china, cream ware, earthenware (including modern flower pot), Midland yellow ware, mottled ware, Rhenish ware, stoneware, salt-glazed ware, and tin ware (c.1550-pesent), the pit also contained a single sherd of later medieval Midland Purple ware (c ) and four sherds of Cistercian ware (c ). Fifty-six sherds of medieval pottery were also recovered, including Brill Borstal, Chilvers Coton, Potters Marston and medieval sandy wares (c Figure 3). The presence of such a large quantity of medieval pottery strongly suggest that there was medieval occupation nearby. Four sherds of Saxo-Norman Stamford ware and reduced sandy ware (c ) was also present, suggesting occupation could date back to the late 9th century, whilst the presence of later medieval and post-medieval wares indicates continuous occupation on the site to the present day. Figure 3: Iron Age pot from TP4 (left) and Saxon-Norman and medieval pot (right). Figure 4: Other finds from TP4, including (clockwise) an iron shoe heel, buttons, a 1904 USA One Cent coin and a slate pencil (left). The 1904 USA One Cent coin (right). Other finds included fifty pieces of clay tobacco pipe. These were a mixture of broken pipe stems and bowl fragments, all of c date. Forty-eight fragments of were also recovered, mostly modern bottle and window, along with twenty-four corroded iron nails, two modern machine-made nails, thirteen pieces of iron slag, a copper-alloy button, and the iron heel from a hobnail boot (Figure 4). One coin was recovered from the test, a 1904 USA One Cent, known as an Indian Head Penny. How an American coin got to Market Bosworth will never be known, but it is tempting to speculate that it is a souvenir of Buffalo Bill s Wild West show, which visited Nuneaton on 26 April The presence of four worked flints is evidence of 2
3 prehistoric activity in the vicinity. These include a secondary and a tertiary flake, which are associated with the initial stages of flint working, most likely in the Neolithic period or the Bronze Age (c BC). A single sherd of Iron Age pottery was also recovered (c.700 BC AD 43 - Figure 3). A small assemblage of animal bone, some exhibiting signs of butchery, and twelve pieces of calcined (cremated) bone were also recovered (Figure 5Figure 4). For bone to cremate it must have been heated to C, and therefore is unlikely to simply be a random process. However, in cannot be determined whether this bone is evidence of a human cremation burial (c.4000 BC AD 600) or some other process requiring the cremation of animal bone (e.g. bone china, fertilizer etc.). Figure 5: Calcined bone from TP4. The test has produced good evidence for occupation nearby from the late 9th century onwards, with strong evidence of medieval occupation. The decrease in pottery quantities in the late medieval period may be evidence of occupation decreasing in the area after the late 14th century, but activity appears to have resumed its previous intensity after the mid-16th century. The small quantity of worked flint and the single sherd of Iron Age pottery are good evidence of prehistoric activity nearby, the Iron Age activity in particular likely centred to the south on the former Cattle Market site, where archaeologists in 1996 recorded a number of Iron Age pits and ditches. In light of other evidence of prehistoric activity in the area, the large quantity of calcined bone may also be significant, and is possibly evidence of a disturbed prehistoric cremation burial. Table 1: Catalogue of finds from Test-Pit 4. Test 4 1 Carbon 3 Charcoal Unknown 4 1 BM 1 Cement Greyish blue tile 12-13mm thick Reddish orange tile 4 1 Pot 13 China/porcelain 4 1 Pot 3 Earthenware Post medieval 4 1 Pot 2 Earthenware 4 1 Pot 1 Black ware Post medieval 4 1 Pot 2 Earthenware Post medieval mm thick 4 1 Pot 1 Midland yellow Post medieval Rim c Pot 1 Midland purple Late medieval 4 1 Pot 1 Chilvers Coton High medieval c Glass Glass 1 Clear flat 2-4mm thick 4mm thick, embossed closely-spaced lines - privacy
4 4 1 Glass 10 Clear curved 4 1-5mm thick, included neck & rim sherd from milk bottle 4 1 Bone 5 Animal bone Unknown Evidence of butchery 4 1 Metal 4 Fe objects Unknown Most likely nails, heavily rusted 4 1 Metal 2 Nails Machine-made, 1" & 2" 4 1 Plastic 1 Button Black, four-hole, 14mm diam 4 1 Clay pipe Clay pipe Carbon 2 Coal Unknown 4 2 Carbon 29 Charcoal Unknown 4 2 BM 3 Cement Yellow Greyish blue tile 12mm thick Reddish orange tile 12mm thick 4 2 Stone 1 Flint - tertiary flake Neolithic/Bronze Age 4 2 Pot 20 China/porcelain 4 2 Pot 6 Earthenware 4 2 Pot 2 Earthenware Post medieval 4 2 Pot 1 Stoneware 4 2 Pot 1 Mottled ware Post medieval 4 2 Pot 2 Black ware Post medieval 4 2 Pot 2 Medieval sandy High medieval 13th - 14th C Small fragment, scorching, c Glass 6 Clear curved 2-3mm thick, 1 semi-melted 4 2 Glass 4 Clear flat 2mm thick 4 2 Glass 1 Thick base sherd 4 2 Bone 6 Animal bone Unknown Evidence of butchery 4 2 Metal 2 Hearth slag Unknown 4 2 Metal 1 Foil Scrunched up aluminium foil 4 2 Metal 2 Fe objects Unknown Most likely nails, heavily rusted 4 2 Stone 1?Slate pencil 4 2 Clay pipe Clay pipe Carbon 2 Coal Unknown 4 3 Carbon 10 Charcoal Unknown 30x4x3mm, broken at one end, tapered to point at other Greyish blue tile 10mm thick Stone 1 Flint - calcined shatter 4 3 Bone 12 Calcined bone Unknown 4 3 Pot 3 Earthenware Neolithic/Bronze Age 4 3 Pot 8 Earthenware Post medieval Pancheon rim 4 3 Pot 23 China/porcelain Small fragment of long bowl, c.1700+
5 4 3 Pot 3 Cream ware 19th C 4 3 Pot 2 Mottled ware Post medieval Pedestal base 4 3 Pot 1 Tin glazed Post medieval 4 3 Pot 1 Black ware Post medieval 4 3 Pot 1 Cistercian/M Black Late medieval/early post medieval 4 3 Pot 2 Medieval sandy High medieval 13-15th C 4 3 Plastic 1 Clear flat plastic 3mm thick 4 3 Glass Glass 1 Brown curved 5 2mm thick 7mm thick, body sherd, some iridescence 4 3 Glass 10 Clear curved 2-4mm thick, body sherds & 1 base sherd 4 3 Glass 1 Clear 4mm thick, embossed decoration 4 3 Glass 1 Clear curved 2mm thick, embossed letters '_Y B_' 4 3 Bone 22 Animal bone Unknown 4 3 Metal 5 Hearth slag Unknown Mostly small bones, evidence of butchery on larger rib 4 3 Metal 2 Fe objects Unknown Most likely nails, heavily rusted 4 3 Metal 1 Shoe-heel 50x50mm Fe shoe-heel from hobnail boot 4 3 Metal 1 Coin 4 3 Clay pipe Clay pipe Clay pipe Carbon 9 Coal Unknown 4 4 BM 1 Cement USA One Cent (1904) - 'Indian-Head Penny' 2.4mm diam. bore tile 17mm thick 4 4 Pot 14 China/porcelain 4 4 Pot 2 Cream ware 4 4 Pot 6 Earthenware Post medieval 4 4 Pot 1 Brown salt glazed Post medieval 4 4 Pot 2 Stoneware 4 4 Pot 2 Earthenware Post medieval 4 4 Pot 6 Mottled ware Post medieval 4 4 Pot 2 Cistercian/M Black Late medieval/early post medieval 4 4 Pot 2 Medieval sandy High medieval 13-15th C 4 4 Glass 2 Clear curved 1-4mm thick 4 4 Glass Glass 2 Pale blue curved Small fragment of long bowl, c mm thick 3-4mm thick, bottle, iridescence 4 4 Metal 4 Fe objects Unknown Most likely nails, heavily rusted 4 4 Metal 6 Hearth slag Unknown 4 4 Clay pipe Clay pipe 2 2.4mm diam. bore
6 4 4 Clay pipe Clay pipe Clay pipe Clay pipe 1 stem & bowl fragment stem & heel fragment 4 4 Bone 9 Animal bone Unknown 4 4 Bone 1 Animal tooth Unknown Stone 1 Flint - shatter Neolithic/Bronze Age 4 5 Pot 1 Iron Age Iron Age 4 5 Pot 1 Stamford Saxo-Norman/high medieval 6 3mm diam. bore Small fragments, one scorched, c mm diam. bore 11th - 13th C+ 4 5 Pot 10 Potters Marston High medieval 12/13th C. two jug necks 4 5 Pot 2 Chilvers Coton B High medieval jar rim c Pot 3 Medieval sandy High medieval 13-15th C 4 5 Pot 1 Chilvers Coton C High medieval 14-15th C 4 5 Pot 2 Black ware Post medieval 4 5 Pot 4 Earthenware Post medieval 4 5 Pot 1 Brown salt glazed Post medieval 4 5 Pot 1 White salt glazed Post medieval c Pot 3 Mottled ware Post medieval 4 5 Pot 2 Cream ware 4 5 Pot 6 China/porcelain 4 5 Glass Glass Bone 5 Animal teeth & bone Unknown 2mm thick 3mm thick, iridescence 4 5 Metal 5 Fe objects Unknown Most likely nails, heavily rusted 4 5 Metal 1 Button Unknown Flat, 20mm diam 4 5 Clay pipe Clay pipe Clay pipe Clay pipe Bone 6 Animal bone & tooth Unknown 4 6 Carbon 4 Coal Unknown Pot 2 Stamford Saxo-Norman/high medieval Small fragment, scorching, c mm diam. bore Small fragment, scorching, c th - 12th C+ 4 6 Pot 1 Oxidised sandy High medieval 12th C Pot 1 Brill Boarstall High medieval 13th C+ 4 6 Pot 1 Rhenish Post medieval 4 6 Pot 1 Brown salt glazed Post medieval?frechen Stoneware or English copy, 17th- 18th C
7 4 6 Pot 5 Earthenware Post medieval 4 6 Pot 11 China/porcelain 4 6 Pot 1 Cream ware 4 6 Glass 1 Clear flat 1mm thick, iridescence 4 6 Metal 1 Fe object Unknown Most likely nails, heavily rusted 4 6 Clay pipe Bone 7 Animal bone Unknown Carbon 5 Coal Unknown Pot 2 Potters Marston High medieval Sooted body/base 12-13th C 4 7 Pot 1 Oxidised sandy High medieval Sooted body/base 12th C+ 4 7 Pot 1 Cistercian/M Black Late medieval/early post medieval 4 7 Pot 2 Black ware Post medieval 4 7 Pot 4 Mottled ware Post medieval 4 7 Pot 1 Stoneware Post medieval?18th C+ 4 7 Pot 10 China/porcelain 4 7 Glass 1 4mm thick, bottle neck sherd 4 7 Metal 3 Fe objects Unknown Most likely nails, heavily rusted 4 7 Clay pipe Bone 6 Animal bone Unknown 4 7 Bone 3 Animal tooth Unknown Carbon 8 Coal Unknown 4 8 Stone 1 Flint - calcined secondary flake 4 8 Pot 1 Reduced sandy Neolithic/Bronze Age Saxo-Norman/high medieval 4 8 Pot 5 Potters Marston High medieval 12-13thC Pot 1 Chilvers Coton B High medieval 4 8 Pot 2 Chilvers Coton High medieval c Thumbed diagonally applied clay strips possibly a storage jar c Pot 2 Medieval sandy High medieval Yellow glazed jar neck 13-15th C 4 8 Pot 1 Mottled ware Post medieval 4 8 Pot 1 China/porcelain Fine cup or teapot handle 4 8 Bone 1 Animal tooth Unknown 4 8 Metal 3 Fe objects Unknown Most likely nails, heavily rusted 4 8 Clay pipe Carbon 2 Coal Unknown Pot 7 Potters Marston High medieval 12-13thC + Front of bowl, no decoration, c Pot 11 Chilvers Coton B High medieval Jar rim and body c Pot 1 Mottled ware Post medieval Imitation ware 4 10 Bone 3 Animal tooth Unknown
8 929 *BM Building Material, Ceramic Building Material **The following phasing is used in this report: Mesozoic ( million years ago), Neolithic/Bronze Age ( BC), Iron Age (700 BC-AD 43), Roman (AD ), Saxon (AD ), Saxo-Norman (AD ), High Medieval (AD ), Late Medieval (AD ), Post-medieval (AD ), (AD 1850-present) 8
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