NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA: TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS. AVM043D May Susan Hanft Project Analyst ISBN:

Transcription

1 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA: TECHNOLOGIES AND GLOBAL MARKETS AVM043D May 2013 Susan Hanft Project Analyst ISBN: BCC Research 49 Walnut Park, Building 2 Wellesley, MA , Custom Reports: carol.laverty@bccresearch.com

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2 STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 2 REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 2 CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY AND INTENDED AUDIENCE 3 SCOPE AND FORMAT 3 METHODOLOGY 4 INFORMATION SOURCES 4 RELATED BCC REPORTS 4 ANALYST'S CREDENTIALS 4 BCC ONLINE SERVICES 4 DISCLAIMER 5 CHAPTER 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, ($ MILLIONS) 8 8 CHAPTER 3 TECHNICAL OVERVIEW 11 FIGURE 1 TYPES OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 11 FILTRATION OVERVIEW 11 SEPARATION BY NONWOVEN FIBERS 13 Impingement 13 Coalescence 13 Entrapment 13 FILTRATION TYPES 14 Surface Filtration 14 Deep-Bed or Depth Filtration 14 Comparison of Types of Filtration 15 TABLE 1 COMPARISON OF FILTRATION TYPES 15 NONWOVEN MATERIALS OVERVIEW 15 TYPES OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA 16 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 16 TABLE 2 RAW MATERIALS USED BY THE NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA INDUSTRY 16 Chemical Properties and Fiber Sources 16 Natural Fibers 17 Cellulose or Cotton 17 Wool 17 Other Natural Fibers 17 Synthetic Fibers 17 Acrylic Fibers 18 Aromatic Polyaramide 18 Fluorocarbon Polymer 19 Melamine Polymer 19 Polyester 19 Polyimide 20

3 Polyolefins and Polypropylene 20 Polyphenylene Sulfide 20 Glass 21 Bicomponent Fibers 21 Rayon 21 SUMMARY OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 22 TABLE 3 KEY PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COMMERCIAL FIBERS USED IN NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA INDUSTRY TABLE 4 OPERATING PARAMETERS FOR FIBERS USED IN NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA FOR LIQUID FILTRATION TABLE 5 OPERATING PARAMETERS FOR FIBERS IN NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA FOR GAS FILTRATION Key Physical Properties and Testing of Filter Media 23 TABLE 6 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIBERS THAT INFLUENCE FILTRATION PERFORMANCE TABLE 7 STANDARD TEST METHODS FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA 26 TABLE 8 CLASSIFICATION OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA PROPERTIES 26 Triboelectric Effects in Filter Media 27 TABLE 9 TRIBOELECTRIC NATURE OF FIBERS USED IN NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA 27 COMPARISON OF MEMBRANES AND NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA 28 TABLE 10 COMPARISON OF MEMBRANE AND NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA 29 MANUFACTURING OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA 29 AIRLAID PROCESS 30 Fiber Selection and Preparation 31 Airlaying 31 Web Layering 31 Carding 32 WETLAID PROCESS 32 Process Equipment 33 SPUNBOND PROCESS 34 Manufacturing Process 34 Polymer Melt Preparation 34 Filament Extrusion, Spinning, and Drawing 35 DuPont's Flash-Spinning Process 35 Web Forming 36 Bonding 36 Product Characteristics 37 TABLE 11 CHARACTERISTICS OF SPUNBOND NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA 37 Commercial Spunbonding Processes 37 Lutravil Process 37 Docan Process 38 Reicofil Process 38 Meltblown Process 39 Meltblowing Operation 39 Process and Property Relationships 40 TABLE 12 CHARACTERISTICS OF MELTBLOWN FILTER MEDIA 41 Limitations of Meltblown Technology

4 TABLE 13 COMPARISON OF SPUNBONDING AND MELTBLOWN TECHNOLOGIES FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA Apertured Films Process 42 Hybrids and Combination Composites 43 Composites 43 Technology Trends 43 Dual-Density Nonwoven Composites 44 COMMON DOWNSTREAM OPERATIONS IN NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MANUFACTURING Layering 45 Needle Punching 45 Spunlacing 46 Bonding 46 Stitch Bonding 46 Chemical Bonding 46 Thermal Bonding 47 Finishing 47 SUMMARY OF THE NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MANUFACTURING PROCESSES TABLE 14 COMPARISON OF BASIC NONWOVEN TECHNOLOGIES USED IN NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MANUFACTURING PRODUCT FORMS OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA 48 AIR AND GAS FILTRATION 49 WATER AND LIQUID FILTRATION PRODUCTS 49 TABLE 15 PRODUCT FORMS OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA CHAPTER 4 COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS 52 TABLE 16 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, 2012 (%) FIGURE 3 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, 2010 (%) TABLE 18 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY FILTRATE TYPE, 2012 (%) FIGURE 4 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY FILTRATE TYPE, 2012 (%) WATER FILTRATION 55 DRINKING WATER 55 Membrane-based Separations Applications 56 PROCESS INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 57 Boiler Feed Water Filtrations 57 Process Filtration Applications 57 WASTEWATER TREATMENT APPLICATIONS 57 Industrial Treatment Applications 57 Municipal Treatment Applications 59 SWIMMING POOLS APPLICATIONS

5 SEAWATER DESALINATION 60 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA GROWTH IN WATER FILTRATION INDUSTRY 60 Potable Water 60 Wastewater 61 Domestic Wastewater 61 Industrial Wastewater 62 Process Water 62 Desalination 63 TABLE 19 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA ON WATER FILTRATION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 5 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA ON WATER FILTRATION, ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 20 MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN WATER TREATMENT BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS/%) FIGURE 6 MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN WATER TREATMENT BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 (%) HVAC INDUSTRY 66 VENTILATION FILTERS 68 Commercial HVAC Filters 68 The 52.2 ASHRAE Standards 68 Air Filtration in Commercial Buildings 69 BIOCIDE LOADED FILTER MEDIA 70 ADSORBENT IMPREGNATED FILTER MEDIA FOR ODOR REMOVAL 70 VACUUM CLEANER BAGS 71 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA GROWTH IN THE HVAC INDUSTRY 71 TABLE 21 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN THE HVAC INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 7 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN THE HVAC INDUSTRY, ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 22 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN THE HVAC INDUSTRY, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS, %) FIGURE 8 MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN HVAC APPLICATIONS, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS) TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY 74 FUEL AND LUBE OIL FILTERS 74 Filter Media Customization for End Use Application 76 AIR INDUCTION FILTERS 76 Freudenburg's Evolon Technology 76 Donaldson Co. Engine Air Filter Media Based on EON Technology 77 CABIN AIR FILTERS 77 California Vehicle Compartments Pollutants Study 78 Automobile Applications 78 Technostat Filter Media 78 3M's Filtrete Products for Cabin Air Filtration 79 Donaldson's Ultra-Web Nanofiber Technology for Cabin Air Filtration Humidity's Effect on Cabin Air Filtration Systems 79 AVIATION INDUSTRY 79 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA GROWTH IN THE TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY

6 TABLE 23 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 9 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 24 MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS, %) FIGURE 10 MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS) FOOD AND BEVERAGE PROCESSING 83 BEVERAGE MANUFACTURING 84 Brewing Industry Applications 85 Bottled Water Industry Applications 85 Oils and Fermentation Products Industry Applications 86 COFFEE FILTERS AND TEA BAGS 86 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA GROWTH IN FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY 87 TABLE 25 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE PROCESSING, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 11 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE PROCESSING, ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 26 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE PROCESSING BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS/%) FIGURE 12 MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE PROCESSING BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS) MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 89 DUST COLLECTION APPLICATIONS 90 Textile Mills 90 POWER GENERATION 91 Turbomachinery Applications 91 TABLE 27 SURVEY OF COMMON AIRBORNE CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATION AND SIZES Hot Gas Filtration Applications 92 Coal Power Plant Applications 92 Water Filters for Generators 93 FILTER MEDIA FOR WATER JET CUTTING MACHINES 93 CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRY 93 Petrochemicals Industry 94 Fiber Manufacturing Applications 95 METAL PROCESSING INDUSTRY 96 MINING INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 96 Hydraulic Fluid Filtration 96 Mine Air Filtration 97 PAINTS AND COATINGS INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 97 Filler Particle Removal from Effluents 97 Ink Filtration Applications 98 Gels Removal 98 PERFUMES AND COSMETICS INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 99 PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT 99 Electrostatic Nonwoven Filter Media for Removal of Microbial Spores and Bacteria

7 HIGH-TEMPERATURE FILTRATION IN CEMENT AND ASPHALT MANUFACTURING BIOFILTRATION APPLICATIONS 101 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA GROWTH IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES 101 TABLE 28 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 13 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 29 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN MANUFACTURING, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS/%) FIGURE 14 GLOBAL SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN MANUFACTURING, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS) HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY 104 HEPA AND ULPA FILTRATION 104 Emerging Technologies for HEPA Filtration 105 PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY 106 AIR FILTRATION IN HEALTHCARE FACILITIES 107 TABLE 30 AVERAGE SIZE OF COMMON CONTAMINANTS IN HOSPITAL AIR 107 TABLE 31 CHARACTERISTICS OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN HOSPITAL AIR FILTRATION APPLICATIONS BIOFLUID FILTRATION APPLICATIONS 109 Blood and Serum Filtration Applications 110 Separation of Red and White Blood Cells by Filtration 110 MEMBRANE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS IN BIOTECH 111 MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS IN THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR 112 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA GROWTH IN THE HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY 112 TABLE 32 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN THE HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) FIGURE 15 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN THE HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY, ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 33 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS/%) FIGURE 16 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS) HYDROCARBON PROCESSING INDUSTRY 116 OIL WATER SEPARATION APPLICATIONS 116 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA GROWTH IN THE HYDROCARBON INDUSTRY 117 TABLE 34 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN THE HYDROCARBON PROCESSING INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) FIGURE 17 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN THE HYDROCARBON PROCESSING INDUSTRY, ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 35 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN HYDROCARBON PROCESSING, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLION) FIGURE 18 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN HYDROCARBON PROCESSING, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS) HIGH TECHNOLOGY AND CLEAN ROOMS 120 ELECTRONICS MANUFACTURING 120 Clean Room Manufacturing Environment 120 Removal of Foul Gases by Adsorbent Loaded Filter Media 121 Solvent Filtration in Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing

8 Ultrapure Water Usage in the High Technology Industry 122 Meltblown Polypropylene for CMP Slurry Applications 122 AIR FILTRATION FOR ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS 123 Electronics and Disk Drives 123 Fuel Cells 124 NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA GROWTH IN THE HIGH TECHNOLOGY AND CLEAN ROOM SUPPLY INDUSTRY TABLE 36 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH IN THE HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) FIGURE 19 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH IN THE HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY, ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 37 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN THE HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS/%) FIGURE 20 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN THE HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER 5 GLOBAL MARKETS FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA 128 TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY WORLD REGION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) FIGURE 21 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, BY WORLD REGION, ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 39 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY WORLD REGION, 2012 ($ MILLIONS/%) FIGURE 22 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, BY WORLD REGION, 2012 (%) MARKETS BY APPLICATION 132 TABLE 40 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) FIGURE 23 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, BY APPLICATION, ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 41 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS, %) FIGURE 24 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 (%) UNMET NEEDS IN THE FILTRATION INDUSTRY 135 NORTH AMERICA 136 ECONOMIC TRENDS 136 U.S. 136 Canada 137 Mexico 137 REGIONAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH 138 DRINKING WATER, MUNICIPAL/DOMESTIC WASTEWATER 138 U.S. 138 Canada 139 Mexico 139 INDUSTRIAL PROCESS WATER/WASTEWATER 140 INDUSTRIAL AIR 142 FOOD AND BEVERAGE 143 HEALTHCARE 143 Biotech, Bioprocessing, and Pharmaceuticals

9 Canada 144 Mexico 145 Air Treatment 145 HIGH TECHNOLOGY 146 HVAC 147 TRANSPORTATION 148 HYDROCARBON PROCESSING 150 Produced Water Treatment 150 TABLE 42 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) FIGURE 25 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, ($ MILLIONS) EUROPE 152 ECONOMIC TRENDS 152 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH 154 Water Treatment 154 Wastewater 154 Desalination 155 HVAC 155 Transportation 156 Manufacturing Industries 157 Food and Beverage 158 Healthcare 158 High Technology 160 Hydrocarbon Processing 161 Regulatory Environment 161 Anticipated Frac Water Legislation 162 TABLE 43 EUROPEAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) FIGURE 26 EUROPEAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, ($ MILLIONS) ASIA 163 ECONOMIC TRENDS 163 China 163 India 165 VALUE OF THE ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET 165 Municipal Water/Wastewater 166 Industrial Process Water/Wastewater 167 Manufacturing Industries 167 HVAC 168 Food 169 Transportation 169 Healthcare 170 High Technology 171 Hydrocarbon Processing 171 Produced Water 172 Australia 172 China

10 India 173 TABLE 44 ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) FIGURE 27 ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, ($ MILLIONS) REST OF WORLD 175 LATIN AMERICA 175 Economic Trends 175 Water, Wastewater Treatment 175 Manufacturing 176 Transportation 176 Hydrocarbon Processing 177 MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA 178 Economic Trends 178 Water, Wastewater Treatment Desalination 179 Hydrocarbon Processing 179 Middle East 180 Africa 180 Other Applications 181 TABLE 45 REST OF WORLD MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) FIGURE 28 REST OF WORLD MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER 6 TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS 184 PATENT ANALYSIS 184 BY COMPANY 184 TABLE 46 U.S. AND WORLD PATENTS, BY COMPANY (NUMBER/%) 186 BY COUNTRY 186 TABLE 47 U.S. AND WORLD PATENTS, BY COUNTRY (NUMBER/%) 186 FIGURE 29 U.S. AND WORLD PATENTS, BY COUNTRY (%) 187 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT TRENDS 188 NANOFIBER MATERIALS 189 Nanoval Process for Nanofibers 189 BICOMPONENT FIBERS 190 ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE MEDIA 190 RECYCLED FIBERS 191 SURFACE-MODIFIED FIBERS 191 POST-PROCESS TREATMENT 192 Catalyst-containing Media 192 Adhesive-containing Media 192 PLEATED CERAMIC MATERIALS 192 CHAPTER 7 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 194 CUSTOMER BASE 194 COMMODITY AND SPECIALIZED MARKETS 194 SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA INDUSTRY 195

11 STRENGTHS 195 WEAKNESSES 196 OPPORTUNITIES 196 THREATS 196 DRIVING FORCE ANALYSIS 197 REGULATORY FORCES 197 Clean Air Act (CAA) 197 The 2007 Highway Rule by the EPA 197 PM 2.5 Standard 198 Clean Water Act (CWA) 198 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) 198 PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS 198 Air and Water Quality Concerns 199 Environmental Protection and Pollution Control 199 ECONOMIC FORCES 199 Raw Material Inflation and Product Pricing 200 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE FORCES 200 Competition 200 New Entrants 201 Substitute Products 202 Buyers' Influence 202 Suppliers' Influence 202 COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES IN THE NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA INDUSTRY 203 NEW MARKET DEVELOPMENT 203 STRATEGIC ALLIANCES AND MERGERS 204 CUSTOMIZATION 204 FOCUS ON NICHE MARKETS 205 STANDARDIZATION 205 MARKET SHARE 205 TABLE 48 MARKET SHARE FOR FILTER MEDIA MANUFACTURERS, 2012 ($ MILLIONS, %) FIGURE 30 MARKET SHARE FOR FILTER MEDIA MANUFACTURERS, 2012 (%) 206 COMPANY PROFILES 207 3M 207 ALBARRIE FILTRATION 207 AHLSTROM 208 ANDREW INDUSTRIES 209 ASAHI KASEI FIBERS 210 BUCKEYE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 210 CEREX CO. 211 CHARMINAR NONWOVEN LTD. 211 CLARCOR CORP 212 CRANE NONWOVENS 212 CUMMINS FILTRATION 213 DELSTAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 213 DONALDSON CO. 214 DUPONT NONWOVENS 214 EAGLE NONWOVENS INC

12 FIBER BOND CORP. 215 FIBERTEX NONWOVENS A/S 216 FIBERWEB 216 FIBERWEB (INDIA) LTD. 217 FILTER SPECIALISTS, INC. (FSI) 217 FOSS MANUFACTURING CO. 218 FREUDENBERG NONWOVENS CO. 218 FYBON INDUSTRIES LTD. 220 GLATFELTER 220 GUTSCHE GMBH 220 HANES COMPANIES, INC. 221 HOLLINGSWOTH & VOSE CO. 221 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL, INC. 222 JAPAN VILENE CO. 223 JOFO GROUP 223 JOHNS MANVILLE CO. 224 KANG NA HSIUNG (KNH) ENTERPRISE LTD. 224 KARINCA FILTER 225 KIMBERLY-CLARK CORP. 225 KURARAY CO. LTD. 226 LYDALL INC. 226 MITSUI CHEMICALS, INC. 227 MOGUL NONWOVENS 228 MONADNOCK NONWOVENS LLC 228 NATIONAL NONWOVENS INC. 229 NORAFIN 229 PEGAS NONWOVENS 230 PGI NONWOVENS 231 POLIMEROS Y DERIVADOS 231 PRECISION CUSTOM COATINGS LLC (PCC) 232 SANDLER 232 SEFAR INC. 233 SUPERIOR FIBERS, INC. 233 TEXEL NONWOVENS 234 TEXTILGRUPPE HOF AG 234 TORAY ADVANCED MATERIALS 235 TOYOBO 235 TWE GROUP 236 W.L. GORE & ASSOCIATES 236 CHAPTER 8 APPENDIX: LISTING OF U.S. AND WORLD NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA PATENTS TABLE 49 U.S. AND WORLD PATENTS RELATED TO NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, JANUARY 1, 2008 TO DECEMBER

13 LIST OF TABLES TABLE HEADING SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 1 COMPARISON OF FILTRATION TYPES 15 TABLE 2 RAW MATERIALS USED BY THE NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA INDUSTRY 16 TABLE 3 KEY PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COMMERCIAL FIBERS USED IN NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA INDUSTRY TABLE 4 OPERATING PARAMETERS FOR FIBERS USED IN NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA FOR LIQUID FILTRATION TABLE 5 OPERATING PARAMETERS FOR FIBERS IN NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA FOR GAS FILTRATION TABLE 6 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIBERS THAT INFLUENCE FILTRATION PERFORMANCE TABLE 7 STANDARD TEST METHODS FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA 26 TABLE 8 CLASSIFICATION OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA PROPERTIES 26 TABLE 9 TRIBOELECTRIC NATURE OF FIBERS USED IN NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA 27 TABLE 10 COMPARISON OF MEMBRANE AND NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA 29 TABLE 11 CHARACTERISTICS OF SPUNBOND NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA 37 TABLE 12 CHARACTERISTICS OF MELTBLOWN FILTER MEDIA 41 TABLE 13 COMPARISON OF SPUNBONDING AND MELTBLOWN TECHNOLOGIES FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA TABLE 14 COMPARISON OF BASIC NONWOVEN TECHNOLOGIES USED IN NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MANUFACTURING TABLE 15 PRODUCT FORMS OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA 50 TABLE 16 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, 2012 (%) TABLE 18 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY FILTRATE TYPE, 2012 (%) TABLE 19 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA ON WATER FILTRATION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 20 MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN WATER TREATMENT BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS/%) TABLE 21 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN THE HVAC INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 22 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN THE HVAC INDUSTRY, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS, %) TABLE 23 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 24 MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS, %) TABLE 25 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE PROCESSING, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 26 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE PROCESSING BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS/%) TABLE 27 SURVEY OF COMMON AIRBORNE CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATION AND SIZES TABLE 28 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS)

14 TABLE HEADING TABLE 29 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN MANUFACTURING, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS/%) TABLE 30 AVERAGE SIZE OF COMMON CONTAMINANTS IN HOSPITAL AIR 107 TABLE 31 CHARACTERISTICS OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN HOSPITAL AIR FILTRATION APPLICATIONS TABLE 32 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN THE HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) TABLE 33 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS/%) TABLE 34 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN THE HYDROCARBON PROCESSING INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) TABLE 35 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN HYDROCARBON PROCESSING, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLION) TABLE 36 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH IN THE HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) TABLE 37 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN THE HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS/%) TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY WORLD REGION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) TABLE 39 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY WORLD REGION, 2012 ($ MILLIONS/%) TABLE 40 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) TABLE 41 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS, %) TABLE 42 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) TABLE 43 EUROPEAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) TABLE 44 ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) TABLE 45 REST OF WORLD MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLION) TABLE 46 U.S. AND WORLD PATENTS, BY COMPANY (NUMBER/%) 186 TABLE 47 U.S. AND WORLD PATENTS, BY COUNTRY (NUMBER/%) 186 TABLE 48 MARKET SHARE FOR FILTER MEDIA MANUFACTURERS, 2012 ($ MILLIONS, %) TABLE 49 U.S. AND WORLD PATENTS RELATED TO NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, JANUARY 1, 2008 TO DECEMBER

15 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 1 TYPES OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA MANUFACTURING PROCESSES 11 FIGURE 2 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 3 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, 2010 (%) FIGURE 4 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY FILTRATE TYPE, 2012 (%) FIGURE 5 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA ON WATER FILTRATION, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 6 MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN WATER TREATMENT BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 (%) FIGURE 7 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN THE HVAC INDUSTRY, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 8 MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN HVAC APPLICATIONS, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 9 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 10 MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN TRANSPORTATION APPLICATIONS, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 11 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE PROCESSING, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 12 MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN FOOD AND BEVERAGE PROCESSING BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 13 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 14 GLOBAL SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN MANUFACTURING, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 15 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN THE HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 16 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 17 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN THE HYDROCARBON PROCESSING INDUSTRY, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 18 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN HYDROCARBON PROCESSING, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 19 MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH IN THE HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 20 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA IN THE HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY, BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 21 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, BY WORLD REGION, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 22 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, BY WORLD REGION, 2012 (%) FIGURE 23 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA, BY APPLICATION, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 24 GLOBAL MARKET SHARE OF NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY MEDIA TYPE, 2012 (%) FIGURE 25 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, ($ MILLIONS)

16 FIGURE TITLE FIGURE 26 EUROPEAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 27 ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 28 REST OF WORLD MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR NONWOVEN FILTER MEDIA BY APPLICATION, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 29 U.S. AND WORLD PATENTS, BY COUNTRY (%) 187 FIGURE 30 MARKET SHARE FOR FILTER MEDIA MANUFACTURERS, 2012 (%)