Designing an HMI for ASAS in respect of situation awareness

Transcription

1 RESEARCH GRANT SCHEME DELFT Contract reference number C EEC contact person: Garfield Dean Designing an HMI for ASAS in respect of situation awareness Ecological ASAS Interfaces 2010 Midterm Progress Report ir. Joost Ellerbroek, prof. dr. ir. Max Mulder May 27, 2010 Introduction This document gives an overview of the activities in 2009 and 2010 for the project Designing an HMI for ASAS in respect of situation awareness, which started July 1st The following section gives a list of publications of this work for the past year, as well as a list of locations and events where this work has been presented, and other work that has been done in support of this project. Section 2 gives an overview of the conference visits, publications, and research planned for 2010/2011. The concluding section illustrates the motivation for the research topics for 2010/

2 1 Work Publications M. Visser, S. B. J. van Dam, M. Mulder, and M. M. van Paassen, Towards an Ecological Design of a 4-Dimensional Separation Assistance Interface, Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Human Centered Processes (HCP-2008), Workshop Supervisory Control in Critical Systems Management, Delft, The Netherlands, June 8-12, 2008 TOWARDS A FOUR-DIMENSIONAL SEPARATION ASSISTANCE COCKPIT DISPLAY, Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, Dayton OH, USA, April Towards an Ecological Four-Dimensional Self-Separation Assistance Display, Proceedings of the 2009 AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference, Chicago IL, USA, August Workshop paper J. Ellerbroek, M. Visser, S. B. J. van Dam, M. Mulder, M. M. van Paassen, Towards an Ecological Four-Dimensional Separation Assistance Display, Proceedings of the 8th Innovative Research Workshop & Exhibition, Brétigny sur Orge, France, December Journal paper Design of an Airborne Three-Dimensional Separation Assistance Display, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, submitted January Presentations Designing for Situation Awareness the Ecological Flight Deck, invited speaker at the GDR HAMASYT 3rd Workshop on Affordances, Direct Perception, Dynamic Control and Applications, Delft, The Netherlands, June 11, Designing for Situation Awareness the Ecological Flight Deck, invited presentation at Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany, December 2, poster presentation at the International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, Dayton OH, USA, April 29, demonstration/presentation for NASA Langley visitors, Delft, The Netherlands, June

3 conference presentation at the AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference, Chicago IL, USA, August 10, demonstration/presentation for Honeywell visitors, Delft, The Netherlands, November workshop presentation at the 8th Innovative Research Workshop & Exhibition, Brétigny sur Orge, France, December 2, Other work Development of a working software implementation of the current 4D-SAI concept. The resulting piece of C++-based software is a simulation using the TU Delft DUECA simulation environment. It can demonstrate a working version of the concept display, using a manually controlled non-linear B model for ownship motion, and automated traffic generation for (multiple) intruder aircraft. EID / WDA / ASAS literature research 2 Work planned for 2010/ Research Investigate constraint projections that incorporate the temporal dimension (see below) Literature study regarding (traffic) situation awareness, and (existing) SA measurement methods, investigate traffic SA using EID methods (2011) 2.2 Experiments Evaluation of a vertical separation assistance display (2010) Multi-actor self-separation experiment - An investigation into (implicit) coordination (2010) Supporting Self-separation in Three Dimensions Using a Co-planar Display: Evaluation experiment in NLR s GRACE simulator (2011) 2.3 Conference/workshop visits LVNL/MITRE Engineering Seminar: A Global View of Air Traffic Management (2010) IFAC HMS 2010 IEEE SMC 2010 EUROCONTROL Ino workshop 2010 ISAP

4 2.4 Publications : Design of an Airborne Three-Dimensional Separation Assistance Display, to be presented at IEEE SMC 2010 : Coordinated Maneuvers in Self-separated Airspace - A Multi-Actor Experiment, to be presented at ISAP 2011 : Supporting Self-separation in Three Dimensions Using a Co-planar Display 2.5 Other Work Scientific seminar: Designing for Situation Awareness the Ecological Flight Deck, to be held by prof. M. Mulder, EUROCONTROL Brussels (As discussed at the last workshop, The Brussels location is preferred.) Develop software implementations for the three currently planned experiments. 2.6 Project deliverables 2010 Year-end progress report Journal paper 2: Ecological Separation Interface, part II: Co-planar (2011) Annual presentation at the INO workshop 3 Constraint projections and Situation Awareness As airborne separation systems move towards more automation, it will become more important than ever that automation and instrumentation promote a high level of situation awareness. This is why our group employs Ecological Interface Design to evaluate the requirements for good SA on the flight deck, and to create better displays (and automation) that support it. Endsley defines three levels of SA: perception, comprehension and projection [3]. The first level relates to perception of the situational elements, such as flight status and the presence of nearby traffic. The second level, comprehension, relates to understanding the meaning of the perceived variables, and their significance with regard to the system goals. The level of projection relates to the ability to project the future actions of the elements in the environment. Our current ecological separation displays present the affordances of the airspace by showing how they shape the action possibilities for the aircraft state. In other words, the constraints that result from the presence of other traffic are translated into no-go areas in the heading/flight-path angle/velocity action space. This method of visualization has several benefits: it shows a clear picture of how traffic influences the pilot s maneuvering possibilities (in terms of possible, conflict-free states), and it can be used to create combined visualizations for multiple state dimensions (e.g. the X-ATP display showing combined 4

5 heading/speed affordances, the VSAD FPA/speed, and the current concept presenting combined FPA/heading affordances). These displays support the pilot s SA on the first two levels, and to a certain extent also on the third level of SA (projecting the current state, or a target state into the (near) future). When aircraft intent (ownship and intruder) is taken into account, however, projection is no longer a trivial extrapolation of the aircraft state vector into the future. Instead, the affordance space changes as a function of space and time due to trajectory change points (TCPs), and other changes of state or intent. In the next design iteration of the ecological separation assistance interface we therefore want to consider the temporal dimension, and see how traffic intent influences locomotion affordances as a function of time. Previous work already investigated time - heading projections of constraints [1, 2, 4], this work will be used as a starting point. With such a method it becomes more difficult to relate a constraint visualization simultaneously to more than one state variable in a 2D projection (because time is already employed as the second dimension in this visualization). This will be one of the main challenges for the next concept design. We will therefore also consider combinations with a state display, and/or co-planar presentations. References [1] W. A. Bas. Design and Evaluation of a Cockpit Human Machine Interface for a Future Air Traffic Management Concept. Master s thesis, Delft University of Technology, [2] V. N. Duong and K. Zeghal. Conflict Resolution Advisory for Autonomous Airborne Separation in Low-density Airspace. In Proceedings of the 36th Conference on Decision & Control, San Diego, United States, December [3] M. R. Endsley. Toward a Theory of Situation Awareness in Dynamic Systems. Human Factors, 37(1):32 64, [4] C. Meckiff and P. Gibbs. PHARE Highly Interactive Problem Solver. Technical Report 273/94, Eurocontrol, November