REMOTE SENSING AND PRIVACY ISSUES. Lynn Brien Geography 4810G 11/29/07

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1 REMOTE SENSING AND PRIVACY ISSUES Lynn Brien Geography 4810G 11/29/07

2 High Resolution Unresolved (Graham, 1996)

3 Concepts of Privacy Concepts of privacy are viewed differently by different cultures. Concepts of privacy change historically over time. Rapid technological changes are influencing cultural and historical definitions of individual privacy in unprecedented ways.

the benefits and liabilities Highlight threats to individual privacy

4 Purpose Demonstration of the pervasiveness and continuing growth in our society of surveillance through remote sensing Exploration of some of the benefits and liabilities Highlight threats to individual privacy associated with present and future uses of remote sensing surveillance technology

5 Camera Surveillance Londoners are photographed an average of every 5 minutes. UK has the greatest number of surveillance cameras per capita. Surveillance as crime deterrent and traffic safety tool.

6 2001 Super Bowl

violation of Fourth ammendment right to be free of unreasonable

7 Mass Surveillance and Biometrics 2001 Super Bowl in Tampa Fans photographed without permission or knowledge ACLU response: possible violation of Fourth ammendment right to be free of unreasonable searches and seizures Computerized police lineup as condition of admission Data disposition?

8 Eigenfaces from AT&T Lab

9 Face Recognition Technology Breaks down digital images, develops algorithms for recognition Government funding and planned use Proposed uses: ATM s, border crossings, private industry, etc.

10 The Government s Human ID at a Distance

in the irises Georgia Tech s Smart Floor to recognize people based on

11 Recognition of Individuals from up to 150 Meters Distance Princeton: Specialized camera to detect patterns of color, striation, and speckles in the irises Georgia Tech s Smart Floor to recognize people based on their force profiles Video based body measuring to obtain body fingerprint

12 Gait Recognition

13 Human ID using Hyperspectral Scanning

$Research ongoing to reduce that to a fraction$

14 Individual Reflectance Signatures Carnegie Mellon University: Hyperspectral scanning can recognize an individual in about 5 seconds Research ongoing to reduce that to a fraction of a second

developing computer systems that can detect

involved, understand their behavior, and

Jeffry Cohn, Psychologist Current IBM Beyond

15 Moving Beyond Recognition to Intention Research at Carnegie Mellon is aimed at developing computer systems that can detect human activity, recognize the people involved, understand their behavior, and respond appropriately. Jeffry Cohn, Psychologist Current IBM Beyond Blue Eyes software, attempts to understand and predict consumer behavior by surveilling shoppers.

16 Associate Director of the ACLU: The technology is developing at the speed of light, but the privacy laws to protect us are back in the Stone Age. (Amato, 2001)

Lack of protection under the law Dataveillance Lack of concern Growing

17 Privacy Issues Lack of accountability Example: tracking services using global positioning systems transponders: branding? stalking? Lack of protection under the law Dataveillance Lack of concern Growing acceptance of voyuerism as entertainment and tolerance of surveillance Perceived benefits

18 The Panopticon

ways to extract new data Reduction of individuals to data doubles - A new

19 Surveillant Assemblages (Haggerty, 614) A system wherein the data from a multiplicity of discrete surveillance systems can be merged in multiple ways to extract new data Reduction of individuals to data doubles - A new type of individual, one comprised of pure information. Sale of data doubles

20 Ultimate Purpose of Surveillant Assemblages The ultimate goals of surveillant assemblage, usually unbeknownst to the populace, are control, governance, security, profit and entertainment. (Haggerty, 609)

a shifting space of negotiation where privacy is traded

21 New Definition of Privacy Privacy is now less a line in the sand beyond which transgression is not permitted, than a shifting space of negotiation where privacy is traded for products, better services or special deals. (Haggerty, 616)

22 Driver Tracking Posture Detection Using Low-resolution Infrared Sensing

Infrared sensing to determine driver posture

including recognition of hands on or off the

looking left, right, forward or back, putting

to develop new safety features Possibilities of

23 Infrared sensing to determine driver posture Successful reading of driver postures, including recognition of hands on or off the wheel, leaning forward or sitting upright, looking left, right, forward or back, putting on seatbelt, using cellphone Purported purpose: to develop new safety features Possibilities of function creep with use by insurance companies and law enforcement

24 Infrared Data Acquisition Software

25 Driving Simulator Test Rig

26 Four Types of Interpolated Infrared Image

27 Region Allocation Within The Infrared Image

The enormous advantages of present and emerging technologies come at great

28 Conclusion There is a continuing unchecked erosion of personal privacy which is accelerating. The enormous advantages of present and emerging technologies come at great cost to personal liberty, as we increasingly are willing to trade privacy for perceived safety, convenience, and entertainment. We are witnessing:

29 The disappearance of disappearance (Haggerty, 619)

Laser Surface Authentication TM : biometrics for documents and goods

Laser Surface Authentication TM : biometrics for documents and goods Professor Russell Cowburn Professor of Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, UK. Chief Technical Officer,