Horizon 2020 Secure Societies

Transcription

1 Horizon 2020 Secure Societies Paolo Salieri Principal Policy Officer Security Research and Industry DG Enterprise and Industry Athens 28 Jan

2 Content Security Research in FP7 achievements H-2020 "Secure Societies" 1st SEC calls H-2020 Communication "Towards a more competitive and efficient Defence Sector"

3 1st Part: Security Research in FP7 EU R&D Policy objectives: Contribute to setting up a European Research Area, Support the implementation of EU policies, Support the competitiveness of the EU Industry. PRINCIPLES: Collaborative R&D Min 3 entities from 3 countries Competitive selection based on Peer Review Grants (subventions): calls for proposals (shared costs, IPR to proposers)

4 Security Research in FP7 POLICY DRIVERS Internal Security Strategy (2010) Serious and organised crime Terrorism Cyber-crime Border security Natural and man-made disasters Innovation Union (2010) Strengthen the innovation chain and boost levels of investment

5 MISSION DRIVEN R&D Develop technologies and produce knowledge to reduce capabilities gaps Overcome fragmentation of markets Stimulate collaboration between technology providers and users

6 FP7-Security R&D ( ) 1,400 Mio EUR (20% to SMEs) More than 300 projects and 2,500 participants EU funding: 40% of total European funding in Security R&D

7 FP7 Security budget vs. requested EC contribution

8 Projects: about 50 completed Technological projects provided results that are generally demonstrated but typically not in a full exploitation state. Some have been rapidly integrated into successful commercial products produced (lasting) benefits to stakeholders (even outside the consortium involved) Some could not succeed in making the planned breakthrough; their conclusions are generally under the form of evaluation of the approach and exploitation of usable pieces of technologies. Societal projects advancing the notion of European Security Research and/or analysing the impact of security systems. In these projects ethical and societal issues are being taken very seriously. Technological projects already benefit today from advances made in this area: most of the technological projects have now societal/ethical experts advising them or being part of the consortium.

9 Lessons learned First lessons: - large scale initiatives have given visibility - independent testing and validation of the results recommended at the end - greater emphasis should be given to dissemination to users' community

10 Challenge for R&D in support to policy Internal Security Strategy - implementation Today: in average 5-6 yrs from definition of R&D topics to project completion. Policy development: COM with EEAS Operational planning: COSI, COM, EEAS (e.g. CSDP missions) Decision making: EP and Council Projects to feed results of R&D to policy setting Threat assessment: MS, EEAS (SitCen), agencies Monitoring and evaluation: EP, Council, COSI, COM annual report Implementation: MS, COM, agencies Need to minimize this interval and synchronize with interval of policy making and implementation

11 Research routes in R&D for Maritime (Border) Security Systems of systems demonstration - Combination of IP results - Multi-mission -Demonstration Programme PERSEUS (27 M EC contr.) System development and validation - Combination of capabilities - Mission specific SEABILLA (10 M EC contr.) I2C (10 M EC contr.) POV CLOSEYE (9 M EC contr.) Capability development - Technology development (e.g. detection) -> (WIMAAS, AMASS, SECTRONIC) -Road mapping: OPERAMAR POV CISE?

12 Research routes in R&D (for Supply Chain Security) Combine security control with facilitation of (legitimate) trade Systems of systems demonstration - Combination of IP results - Multi-mission Demonstration Programme - CORE -(26 M EC contr.) System development & validation - Combination of capabilities - Mission specific CASSANDRA (10 M EC contr.) CONTAIN (10 M EC contr.) EUROSKY (10M ) SAFEPOST (10 M ) Capability development - Technology development (e.g. detection) -> a set of projects (e.g. HANDHOLD, SNIFFER(s), DOGGIES, CONPHIRMER, MODES_SNM, SNIFFLES), AXCIS - Road mapping: LOGSEC, IMCOSEC

13 2 nd Part: HORIZON 2020 (Regulation (EU) No 1291/2013) Aim: securing Europe's global competitiveness by investing in science and innovation Budget: million Duration:

14 HORIZON 2020 Sustained investments in R&D&I are the main engine of economic growth. The higher the R&D intensity in the past, the faster economic growth now (e.g. DK, DE, SE, FI). Instrument to implement the Innovation Union to achieve the Europe 2020 Strategy: Responding to the economic crisis to invest in future jobs and growth Addressing people s concerns about their livelihoods, safety and environment Strengthening the EU s global position in research, innovation and technology - Combining all research and innovation funding currently provided through the: Framework Programmes for Research and Technical Development (FP), Innovation related activities of the Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (CIP) European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)

15 Balanced approach.. between science, industry and benefits to society. Horizon 2020 way of working: rather than defining action in terms of particular disciplines it aims for solutions to particular challenges. This was already the case for Security Research in FP7! All forms of innovation to be included, including in services and social innovation. Innovation to be supported through activities such as: prototyping and testing, demonstration and piloting, and first market replication.

16 Three priorities Excellent science Industrial leadership Societal challenges

17 Breakdown H2020 budget ( ) EU REGULATION M 1) Excellent science 31.73% ) Industrial leadership 22.09% ) Societal challenges 38.53% (EURATOM REGULATION M ) Overall EU budgets MFF ( ) 960 B (Payments 908 B ) B (Payments B ) 17

18 Horizon 2020, as initially proposed by Commission

19 SOCIETAL CHALLENGES funding ( million, ) Health, demographic change and wellbeing Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine and maritime and inland water research and the Bioeconomy Secure, clean and efficient energy * Smart, green and integrated transport Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials Inclusive, innovative and reflective societies Secure societies Science with and for society 462 Spreading excellence and widening participation 816

20 Societal challenges Why: Concerns of citizens and society/eu policy objectives (climate, environment, energy, transport, etc.) cannot be achieved without innovation Breakthrough solutions come from multi-disciplinary collaborations, including social sciences & humanities Promising solutions need to be tested, demonstrated and scaled up "Secure Societies, Protecting Freedom and Security of Europe and its citizens" identified as a specific societal challenge

21 Security : a societal challenge It is about protecting our citizens, society and economy as well as our assets, infrastructures and services, our prosperity, political stability and well-being. Many forms of insecurity, whether from crime, violence, terrorism, natural or man-made disasters, cyber-attacks or privacy abuses. Any malfunction or disruption, intentional or accidental, can have detrimental impact with high associated economic or societal costs. A primary aim is to enhance the resilience of our society. Breakthrough solutions come from multi-disciplinary collaborations, including social sciences. 21

22 Secure Societies: does industry matter? New technologies to fight crime (75 million direct victims of crime in Europe every year). In 2010 the cost of crime, terrorism, illegal activities, violence and disasters in EU estimated to be at least 650 B (about 5% of Union GDP). Reducing environmental, economic and material damage from natural and manmade disasters. Highly important for economy, jobs and growth. Important market for novel solutions The security industry is one of the sectors with highest potential for growth and employment in the EU. In 2011, the sector employed 180,000 people, with annual turnover of some 30 billion Overcoming market fragmentation through EU-wide standards and the promotion of interoperability. Reducing the gap from research to market by introducing new funding schemes (such as Pre-Commercial Procurement). Better integration of societal considerations by thoroughly assessing the impact of security technologies on fundamental rights.

23 "Secure Societies" in Horizon 2020 Maintains the mission driven character Supports EU internal and external security policies Supports the EU industry to be competitive Strengthens the involvement of the end-users Takes more into account the Societal Dimension Includes Cyber-Security The respect of privacy and civil liberties remains the guiding principle. All projects must meet the requirements of fundamental rights, including the protection of personal data, and comply with EU law in that regard. 23

24 "Secure Societies" in Horizon 2020 Protecting Freedom and Security of Europe and its Citizens OBJECTIVES 1. Fight crime, illegal trafficking and terrorism, including understanding and tackling terrorist ideas and beliefs 2. Protect and improve the resilience of critical infrastructures, supply chains and transport modes 3. Strengthen security through border management 4. Improve cyber security 5. Increase Europe's resilience to crises and disasters 6. Ensure privacy and freedom, including in the Internet and enhancing the societal legal and ethical understanding of all areas of security, risk and management 7. Enhance standardisation and interoperability of systems, including for emergency purposes 6. Support the Union's external security policies including through conflict prevention and peace-building 24

25 Strong link to EU policy initiatives - The EU Internal Security Strategy in Action, COM(2010)673 - Towards a stronger European disaster response: the role of civil protection and humanitarian assistance, COM(2010)600 - The EU Action Plan on combating terrorism - The Security Industry Policy Action Plan COM (2012) Cybersecurity Strategy of the European Union: An Open, Safe and Secure Cyberspace JOIN(2013) 1 final - Flagship Initiative 'Digital Agenda for Europe' - The EU Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings , COM(2012) European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection (EPCIP), COM(2006)786 - Civilian Headline Goal EU Maritime Security Strategy (?)

26 EU Policy implementation: strategic approach EU Bodies Member States (Committees) EDA Defence FPI Foreign Policy Instrument EEAS Ext. security Agencies + UN Bodies, NATO DG HOME Internal Security DG DEVCO International cooperation EU Policies DG SANCO ECHO Civil protection Consumer health DG ENV Environment DG MOVE Transport DG TAXUD Customs DG TRADE Trade DG RTD Research DG ENTR Security EU Research DG CNECT JRC Comm. Joint Res. Centre Industry, Stakeholders, NGO s, Researchers, Experts, etc. 26

27 Features Strengthened coordination with relevant EU- Agencies: FRONTEX, EUROPOL, ENISA, EMSA, eu- LISA etc. Closer coordination with the activities of EDA Pre-Commercial Procurement (PCP) instrument 27

28 Cyber Security Citizens, businesses and administrations are increasingly dependent on ICT. Internet led to cyber-crime worth B / year, attacks to critical infrastructures and breaches of privacy. Lack of security of digital technologies is a risk for economy and society. Cyber security has become a political and economic priority. Eurobarometer: 50% of the EU citizens are worried

29 Cyber Security has become part of "Secure Societies Challenges: - How to assess the threats in cyber-space and their possible scope? - How to best tackle cyber-threats and protect citizens in the digital domain? Convergence of traditional security needs and the digital world. Many infrastructures and services privately owned and operated, yet protection of public (safety and) security is responsibility of public authorities. Security is an issue that can only be tackled effectively if all stakeholders cooperate: companies and authorities must work together across borders.

30 End users and technology development Research will continue to be mission driven EU Council recent conclusions on strengthening the internal security authorities' involvement in security-related research and industrial policy (9814/13) recognized the importance of using modern and adequate technologies in the field of internal security.."which necessitates an increased involvement of internal security authorities in research and a proactive involvement with suppliers of modern security technologies. 30

31 Pre-Commercial Procurement (PCP) In Security Industrial Policy-Action Plan for an innovative and competitive Security Industry (COM(2012) 417 final) it is written : Pre-commercial procurement (PCP) is a very useful tool in bridging the gap from research to market..in particular in domains, where there is an institutional market or a market largely driven by legislation, given that public procurement of innovative products and services is vital for improving the quality and efficiency of public services at a time of budget constraints. Eventually, PCP should enable public users to play a more central role in the innovation cycle through the purchase of novel technologies. Procurers should act as "agents of change". The Commission intends to devote a significant part of the Secure Societies budget in Horizon 2020 on this instrument.

32 PCP-PPI Complementarity PCP to steer the development of solutions towards concrete public sector needs, whilst comparing/validating alternative solution approaches from various vendors PPI to act as launching customer / early adopter / first buyer of innovative commercial end-solutions newly arriving on the market Applied R&D / Pre-commercial Procurement (PCP) Public Procurement of Innovative Solutions (PPI) Phase 0 Curiosity Driven Research Phase 1 Solution design Supplier A Supplier B Supplier C Supplier D Phase 2 Prototype development Supplier B Supplier C Supplier D Phase 3 Original development of limited volume of first test products / services Supplier B Supplier D Phase 4 Deployment of commercial volumes of end-products Wide diffusion of newly developed solutions Supplier(s) A,B,C,D and/or X Also normally multiple sourcing here to keep competition going Objectives: Price/quality products that better fit public sector needs Earlier customer feedback for companies developing solutions Better take-up/wider commercialisation of R&D results

33 PCP - Pre-Commercial Procurement When Challenge requires R&D to get new solutions developed. Problem clear, but pros / cons of several potential competing solutions not compared / validated yet. No commitment to deploy (PPI) yet. What How Public sector buys R&D to steer development of solutions to its needs, gather info about pros / cons of alternative solutions to be better informed to make specs for a follow-up PPI possibly later, to avoid supplier lock-in (create competitive supply base) Public sector buys R&D from several suppliers in parallel (comparing alternative solution approaches), in form of competition evaluating progress after critical milestones (design, prototyping, test phase), risks & benefits of R&D (e.g. IPRs) shared with suppliers to maximise incentives for wide commercialisation

34 LESSONS being learnt Security Authorities realise that demand based R&D approach can bring them benefits. However: Big effort (both by EC and participants) needed to mobilise demand side constituency. Much more for a PCP - POV project than for a collaborative R&D project. For authorities to be motivated (political) support is needed at national level. Encouraging a consortium of Member States to jointly approach the supply side (and take joint liability for R&D investments) requires much more commitment than encouraging "typical" participants in FP7 to file a grant application to recuperate a percentage of costs of their R&D. Economic crisis made it more difficult to leverage additional resources.

35 3rd Part : 1st "Secure Societies" Calls Four Separate Calls reflecting the Structure of the Work Programme of Secure Societies - Disaster Resilient Societies ENTR Crisis management and civil protection, critical infrastructure protection - Fight against Crime and Terrorism - ENTR Forensics, law enforcement capabilities, ethical/societal dimension - Border Security - ENTR Border crossing points, information management, supply chain security - Digital Security - CNECT Privacy, access control, trust eservices, Secure information sharing

36 Timeline 11 Dec publication of Work Programme (new participants portal for H2020) Call(s) open 25 March 2014 WP is being drafted in cooperation with "Shadow" Programme Committee Call(s) closed 28 Aug 2014 Info on outcome of Evaluation end Oct 2014 Signature of GA starting early 2015 Time-to-grant of 8 months ("5 + 3 months") 36

37 Disaster Resilient Societies safeguarding and securing society, including adapting to climate change 22 (DRS) topics The DRS-call is divided in the following sub-sectors: Crisis management and Civil Protection Disaster Resilience & Climate Change [These topics come from the Environment Challenge 5 with their budget.] Critical Infrastructure Protection Communication interoperability Ethical/Societal Dimension

38 Fight against Crime and Terrorism 17 (FCT) topics The FCT-call is divided in the following sub-sectors: Forensics Law enforcement capabilities Urban security Ethical/Societal Dimension

39 Border Security and External Security 14 (BES) topics The BES-call is divided in the following sub-sectors Maritime Border Security Border crossing points Supply Chain Security Information Management Conflict prevention and Peace building Ethical/Societal Dimension

40 Digital Security 6 (DS) topics The DS-call concerns the following subjects: Privacy give users control over their data Access Control user friendly, non-password based The role of ICT in Critical Infrastructure Protection test interdependencies on critical ICT Secure Information Sharing highly secure information sharing that creates trust Trust eservices business cases for esignature, eauthentication Risk management and assurance models adapt existing risk management frameworks to cyber-threats

41 Topics Structure to reflect the challenge based approach 3 key features Specific Challenge o Scope o sets the context, the problem to be addressed, why intervention is necessary delineates the problem, specifies the focus and the boundaries of the potential action BUT without overly describing specific approaches Expected Impact o describe the key elements of what is expected to be achieved in relation to the specific challenge

42 Participation to calls is made easier - easier access - easier applications - less reporting - shorter time to grant - quicker payments - fewer audits

43 Forms of funding 1.Grants: Strong simplification of the funding rates Research and innovation actions: 100% With flat rate of 25% for indirect cost = 125% Innovation: 70% With flat rate of 25% (of 70%) for indirect cost= 87,5 % Exception non-profit entities = 100% +25% = 125 % Coordination and Support Actions (CSA): 100% With flat rate of 25% for indirect cost = 125% Some exceptions to the 25% flat rate apply: e.g. subcontracting is a direct eligible cost but does not give right to extra 25% 2. Procurement: Following financial regulation 3. Others: Co-fund, Art not used in WP 43

44 Award criteria: Research & Innovation; Innovation Actions 1. Excellence Progress beyond state-of-the-art (e.g. ambitious ground-breaking objectives; novel approach; ) Clarity of conception (e.g. rigour; credibility; trans-disciplinarity ) 2. Impact: [ ] contribution to: The expected impacts listed in the work programme Enhancing innovation capacity and integration of new knowledge; Strengthening the competitiveness and growth of companies by developing innovations meeting the needs of European and global markets; measures to, disseminate and exploit the project results, communication. 3. Quality and efficiency of implementation Coherence and effectiveness of work plan, allocation of tasks, resources; Competences, experience and complementarity of the individual participants, as well as of the consortium as a whole; Appropriateness of the management structures and procedures.risk management. 44

45 DG Enterprise & Industry Sensitive Projects: What is a sensitive project? A sensitive Project is handling: Information and materials subject to export- or transfer-control Data or information requiring protection against unauthorised disclosure: classified information Information or materials subject to national security restrictions No Classified Proposals are allowed in the call (EPSS does NOT allow for classified information in a proposal) BUT: a Proposal could lead to a sensitive Project (project that could use classified/sensitive background and/or produce classified/sensitive foreground)

46 DG Enterprise & Industry Dual uses issues: Principles and legal base dual-use items shall mean items, including software and technology, which can be used for both civil and military purposes, [ ]. COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 428/2009 of 5 May 2009 setting up a Community regime for the control of exports, transfer, brokering and transit of dual-use items. (Official Journal L143 29/05/2009) Article 4 (428/2009) and National laws (some additional restriction may apply) Please check also 428/2009 annexes if the technologies you are touching in your proposal are listed: make sure that you fully understand the consequences ; note that in addition you may face classification issues.

47 SMEs and Horizon 2020 SMEs encouraged to participate across the whole Horizon 2020 They can engage in collaborative projects as part of a consortium In addition, they are supported through a new dedicated SME instrument designed specifically for innovative smaller companies. This should lead to a minimum of 20%, or about 8.65 billion, of the total combined budgets of the specific objective 'Leadership in enabling and industrial technologies' (LEITs) and the Societal Challenges going to SMEs.. 47

48 SME instrument? Concept & Feasibility Assessment Demonstration Market Replication Research Development Procurement Commercialisation SME window EU financial facilities IDEA business coaching throughout the project MARKET Policy Research and Innovation 48

49 SME Instrument B made easily accessible to SMEs under Horizon 2020 for funding research and innovation businesses and accelerating the exploitation of innovations Basic reference: Art of Regulation Policy Research and Innovation 49

50 Phase 3+coaching 2% budget Phase 1: Concept and feasibility assessment Input: Idea/Concept: "Business Plan 1" (~ 10 pages) 10% budget Activities: Feasibility of concept Risk assessment IP regime Partner search Design study Pilot application etc. 10% success 30-50% success Output: elaborated "Business plan 2" Lump sum: ~ 6 months Phase 2: R&D, demonstration, market replication Input: "Business plan 2" plus description of activities under Phase 2 (~ 30 pages) 88% budget Activities: Development, prototyping, testing, piloting, miniaturisation, scaling-up, market replication, research Output: "investorready Business plan 3" M EC funding ~ 12 to 24 months Phase 3: Commercialisation Promote instrument as quality label for successful projects Facilitate access to private finance Support via networking, training, information, addressing i.a. IP management, knowledge sharing, dissemination SME window in the EU financial facilities (debt facility and equity facility) Possible connection to Procurement Policy Research and Innovation

51 SME instrument Main features Targeted at all types of innovative SMEs showing a strong ambition to develop, grow and internationalise Only SMEs will be allowed to apply for funding and support Single company support possible No obligation for applicants to sequentially cover all three phases; each phase open to all SMEs 70% funding (exceptions possible) Policy Research and Innovation 51

52 Implementation LEIT ICT LEIT NMP Topics the WP 2014/2015 Open Disruptive Innovation (2014: 45 M / 2015: 45 M ) Accelerating the uptake of nanotechnologies, advanced materials or advanced manufacturing and processing technologies by SMEs (21.8 M /23.8 M ) LEIT SME boosting biotechnology-based industrial processes driving competitiveness Biotech and sustainability (3.8 M /2.4 M ) LEIT Space SME Instrument (8.5 M /8.75 M ) SC1 Health Clinical validation of biomarkers and/or diagnostic medical devices (66.1 M / 45M ) SC2 Bioeconomy & Supporting SMEs efforts for the development - deployment and market Resource-efficient eco-innovative food production and processing (9 M /17 M ) replication of innovative solutions for blue growth (6.8 M /7.4 M ) SC3 Energy Stimulating the innovation potential of SMEs for a low carbon and efficient energy system (33.95 M /37.26 M ) SC4 Transport SC5 Climate SC6 IIIS SC7 Security Small business innovation research for Transport (35.87 M /38.96 M ) Boosting the potential of small businesses for eco-innovation and a sustainable supply of raw materials (17 M /19 M ) Innovative mobile e-government applications by SMEs (2015: 4M ) & SME business model innovation (2015: 11M ) Protection of urban soft targets and urban critical infrastructures (7 M 52 /7.4 M ) Policy Research and Innovation

53 Implementation Operated centrally by EASME Bottom-up approach the Work Programme defines a broad topic Topics presented in a uniform manner (template), synchronised deadlines Internet presentation of Work Programme brings together SME instrument topics on one page via a search function Continuously open call with 4 cut-off dates per year: First cut-off for Phase 1: 18/06/2014 First cut-off for Phase 2: 09/10/2014 Policy Research and Innovation 53

54 Eligibility Eligibility criteria Only applications for funding from one for-profit SME or a consortium of for-profit SMEs Only applications from SMEs established in EU Member States or countries associated to Horizon 2020 No concurrent submission or implementation with another Phase 1 or Phase 2 project Policy Research and Innovation

55 Evaluation Permanent submission and evaluation, ranking after cut-off date Commercialisation potential and economic impact There has to be a market Excellence in innovation Company's growth potential Company's potential to achieve the envisaged results Technical solution possible and better than existing ones Policy Research and Innovation Plus: EU added value

56 SME Instrument in Secure Societies (1 st calls) Budget earmarking Initially 5% (7 M in 2014 and 7.4 M in 2015), will rise to at least 7% averaged over H2020 Phase 1: lump sum(s) of EUR Phase 2: between EUR 0.5 and 2.5 million

57 SME Instrument Topic (DRS 17- Protection of urban soft targets and urban critical infrastructure) Objective: to carry out a small-scale demonstration of innovative technologies and tools (in Phase 2). Area: urban critical infrastructure protection, such as, for example: - designing buildings and urban areas; - protection of energy/transport/communication grids; - critical infrastructure surveillance solutions; - protecting supply chains; - avoiding cyber-attacks and developing cyber resilience systems for critical infrastructures. Scope: focused to cover, for example: - high throughput screening of people and bags including ability to screen them in reasonably real-time as people approach entrances to buildings or enter public transportation system; - high throughput screening for vehicles to identify threats that warrant further inspection (as opposed to random searching); - potential CBRN-E threats and the way in which these threats could be carried-out against soft targets and critical infrastructures; - mitigation of vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices, with a specific focus on vehicle-borne ones (e.g. in cases of parked vehicles, penetrative attacks, etc.).

58 4 th Part: Communication "Towards a more competitive and efficient Defence and Security Sector" (COM(2013)542 final) July 2013 EU industrial policies and R&D&I programmes in Ho2020 for security (and space) will support both internal and external security in areas such as protection of external borders, maritime surveillance, civil protection, or crisis management. Numerous technological, industrial, conceptual and operational similarities and links with defence. The Communication: * tries to exploit possible synergies and cross-fertilisation coming from the blurring of the dividing line between defence and security, and between civil and military. * assesses possibility of EU-owned dual-use capabilities, which may in certain security areas complement national capabilities and become effective, and cost-efficient, force multipliers. * proposes the launching of a Preparatory Action (PA) for CSDP-related research, focusing on those areas where EU defence capabilities are most needed. 58

59 The debate on the PA just started At the EU Council in December 2013, Heads of State and Government welcomed the Communication, together with the report prepared by the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (HR). They noted the intention of the Commission to develop, in close cooperation with the European Defence Agency, a roadmap for implementation (PA included). Good news, as this indicates an increase in ambition! PA is outside scope of HO2020 (civilian character) and MFF. 100 M is Maximum Budget for PAs (over 3 years). Internal reflection just started, adoption is not expected earlier than 2016, with possible projects starting not earlier than

60 Research Dual-use (as in Council Conclusions) 18. "To ensure the long-term competitiveness of the European defence industry and secure the modern capabilities needed, it is essential to retain defence Research & Technology (R&T) expertise, especially in critical defence technologies. The European Council invites the Member States to increase investment in cooperative research programmes, in particular collaborative investments, and to maximise synergies between national and EU research. Civilian and defence research reinforce each other, including in key enabling technologies and on energy efficiency technology. The European Council therefore welcomes the Commission's intention to evaluate how the results under Horizon 2020 could also benefit defence and security industrial capabilities. It invites the Commission and the European Defence Agency to work closely with Member States to develop proposals to stimulate further dual use research. A Preparatory Action on CSDP-related research will be set up, while seeking synergies with national research programmes whenever possible". 60

61 ΕΥΧΑΡΙΣΤΩ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΣΟΧΗ ΣΑΣ! More information: urity/index_en.htm Contact: ENTR-SECURITY-RESEARCH-