Grid and Cloud Computing

Transcription

1 Grid and Cloud Computing

2 Katarina Stanoevska-Slabeva Thomas Wozniak Santi Ristol Editors Grid and Cloud Computing A Business Perspective on Technology and Applications

3 Editors Prof. Dr. Katarina Stanoevska-Slabeva Thomas Wozniak University of St. Gallen Institute for Media and Communications Management Blumenbergplatz St. Gallen Switzerland katarina.stanoevska@unisg.ch thomas.wozniak@unisg.ch Santi Ristol Atos Origin S.A.E. C/ Albarracín, Madrid Spain santi.ristol@atosorigin.com ISBN e-isbn DOI / Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (

4 Foreword In 2004, at the early stage of the IST-FP6 programme, during an industrial panel organised at the Launch of the first FP6 projects on Grid Technologies, the need for industrial evidence of the benefits brought by the adoption of Grid Technologies became explicit. High-level representatives from industry discussed how to exploit the European strength in Grid. A few critical topics emerged: the weak industrial take-up of Grid technologies as well as the technological challenges to be addressed for this take-up to happen. Security and privacy were deemed to be essential factors, but performance and quality of service, easy manageability and low deployment costs were also considered as key. However, technology was not seen as a major risk as the real one laid in the deployment and management of the Grids and in their commercial uptake, since the area was not mature enough for widespread adoption by industry. What was critical was to take the Grid to the market. This is the story of the foundations of BEinGRID, which is essentially addressing the issue on how to bring the Grid to the industry and builds a series of industrial cases of adoption of Grid Technologies. At the time of FP6 Call5, a consortium of 75 partners 1 from across the European Union, led by Atos Origin, put forward a proposal. The consortium was composed by leading Grid research organisations committed to its business use, and by a broad spectrum of companies keen to assess the benefits to their productivity, competitiveness and profitability from their use of Grid solutions. The project was selected out of the competitive call, started its activities on 2006 and this year it will complete its activities. As planned, it has helped several European industries to introduce the Grid into their business. This has resulted in a fabulous load of experience, in technical, economical, business and last but not least legal terms. A broad spectrum of companies has assessed the benefits to their productivity, competitiveness and profitability from their use of Grid solutions. The technical solutions found, the economic research, the legal boundaries and constraints in which they operate constitute an extremely interesting knowledge which is there to be reused. The originality of BEinGRID findings and proposed solutions is that they have already been tried out. The project is not about theories or frameworks, but about real, tested, experimented, adapted solutions and the experiences gained by their use. The case studies that BEinGRID proposes are real, conducted by a broad spectrum of European businesses which operate in the real world. RoI has been examined, the legal context has been worked out, technical problems have found a solution and all of this has been packaged and made available on the repository the project has created: Gridipedia. And at last, it has to be noted that it is not just about Grid. The adoption of Grid technologies was the triggering factor for the project, and the context around the 1 Extended to 97 with the Open Call of November 2007.

5 VI Foreword project has evolved since. However it is quite clear that the problems addressed are also of more generic nature, and many if not all of the solution found are of interest for anybody who wishes to approach a distributed solution for its business, being that SaaS, Clouds or Grid. This book contains loads of information, coming from real cases. I am sure that the extremely valuable experiences of the early adopters of Grid based solutions will motivate several other organizations to do the same. Annalisa Bogliolo European Commission Project Officer DG Information Society and Media Unit Software and Services Architectures and Infrastructures The opinions expressed above are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission

6 To be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them?. Hamlet, Act three, Scene one. (William Shakespeare, ) Foreword The idea to set up such a practical project like BEinGRID was born in early 2005 after realising that the commercial exploitation of Grid technology was lagging behind what we knew could be done. Since 2000, Atos Origin had taken part in the development of a number of European Grid architecture solutions for enabling the management of distributed resources across multiple enterprises boundaries and creating collaborative environ ments (also known as Virtual Organisations) that were completely transparent to the users. There had been a significant number of software middlewares as a result of FP5 IST Grid research (GRIA, GRASP, CROSSGRID, GAT, etc.), but they were too unconnected to achieve their full potential. In the first calls of FP6, Grid projects were pooling their research efforts using open standards to guarantee the interoperability and taking advantages of existing synergies to design and develop underlying Grid technologies that enable a wide variety of business applications. The promised architecture for a Next Generation Grid (NGG) is in line with OGSA and beyond that was already under design and development. For some reason, the benefits of global Grid Computing had not yet caught on with most businesses, and the promise of delivering almost limitless computing power to any user, anywhere and the many benefits this would bring - was still little more than a dream. There appeared to be a clear threat that industry and commerce would not accept the middlewares on offer simply due to a lack of knowledge and/ or a lack of confidence in their maturity and reliability. At that moment, despite a significant investment, Grid was at a critical phase in its transition from use in research and academia, to adoption across all enterprise sectors. An unawareness of the benefits brought by the use of Grid technologies and the lack of reference business cases (to demonstrate the benefits to potential users) was leading to a weak commercial exploitation of results and so of the general deployment of this technology into the market, failing to exploit the EU s competitiveness and leadership in this technological area. It was time to establish effective routes to push this technology adoption and to stimulate the research into innovative business models. A take-up project to transfer the benefits of the Grid to business scenarios was needed. It was the right moment to be or not to be in Grid.

7 VIII Foreword BEinGRID, Business Experiments in Grid, was presented to FP6 ICT Call 5, and started in June 2006 with a clear mission to exploit European Grid middleware by creating a toolset repository of Grid services from across the Grid research domain and to use these services to deliver a set of successful Business Experiments that stimulate the early adoption of Grid technologies across the European Union. A Business Experiment was defined as a real Grid pilot application that addresses a concrete business case and in which the main actors of the economic sector are represented: the end-user, the service provider, and the Grid service integrator. The involvement of the full value chain was considered a catalysing aspect to demonstrate Grid potential and to capitalise on the derived benefits. BEinGRID has produced a series of 25 Business Experiments from key business sectors such as chemistry, engineering, environmental, finance, gaming, health, logistics, multimedia, science, telecom, tourism, etc. on different Grid middleware solutions. Most of the findings of the project and these Business Experiments can be found in the repository created by the project initially named Gridipedia ( and currently available as IT-Tude.com ( com or Today, four years later, we are facing the last months of the BEinGRID project, in a global context in which new terms like Cloud Computing have emerged to build on the ideas originally raised by Grid Computing. I am sure that most of the findings of BEinGRID will be very relevant and helpful for those thinking to be or not to be in the Cloud. Santi Ristol BEinGRID Project Coordinator ATOS ORIGIN Business Director

8 Contents Foreword V Annalisa Bogliolo Foreword VII Santi Ristol PART I: Introduction 1 Introduction: Business and Technological Drivers of Grid Computing.. 3 Katarina Stanoevska-Slabeva, Thomas Wozniak 2 The BEinGRID Project Theo Dimitrakos Part II: Grid and Cloud Basics Definition, Classification, Business Models 3 Grid Basics Katarina Stanoevska-Slabeva, Thomas Wozniak 4 Cloud Basics An Introduction to Cloud Computing Katarina Stanoevska-Slabeva, Thomas Wozniak 5 Grid Business Models George Thanos, Eleni Agiatzidou, Costas Courcoubetis, George D. Stamoulis 6 Grid Value Chains What is a Grid Solution? Juan Carlos Cuesta, Karita Luokkanen-Rabetino, Katarina Stanoevska-Slabeva 7 Legal Issues in Grid and Cloud Computing Davide M. Parrilli

9 X Contents PART III: Grid Business Experiments 8 Common Capabilities for Service Oriented Infrastructures Grid and Cloud Computing Theo Dimitrakos 9 Remote Computational Tools for Radiotherapy Cancer Treatment Planning Andrés Gómez on behalf of the members of the Business Experiment 10 Business Experiment Ship Building Ottmar Kraemer-Fuhrmann, Yona Raekow 11 AgroGrid Grid Technologies in Agro Food Business Ulrich Heindl, Ansger Jacob, Marcus Mueller, Peter Racz, Burkhard Stiller, Eugen Volk, Martin Waldburger 12 Virtual Hosting Environments for Online Gaming David Bossard, Francesco D Andria, Theo Dimitrakos, Angelo Gaeta 13 Organizational and Governance Challenges for Grid Computing in Companies Summary of Findings from Business Experiments Katarina Stanoevska-Slabeva, Thomas Wozniak Part IV: Practical Guidelines 14 Practical Guidelines for Evolving IT Infrastructure towards Grids and Clouds Katarina Stanoevska-Slabeva, Thomas Wozniak, Volker Hoyer References List of Abbreviations List of Authors