Economic Dynamics and Structural Change

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1 Econ of Innovation III Economic Dynamics and Structural Change Winter Term 2017/18 Uwe Cantner* / Simone Vannuccini* * Friedrich Schiller University Jena University of Southern Denmark, Odense uwe.cantner@uni-jena.de, simone.vannuccini@uni-jena.de 1

2 Overview 1. Collective Invention and Innovation - Innovation Networks 1. Collective Innovation 2. Innovation Networks: Concept and pattern 3. Innovation Networks: Structures and Performance 4. Innovation Networks: Change and Dynamics 2. General Purpose Technologies and Innovation Dynamics 1. Long Cycles and GPT definitions 2. GPT-based modeling 3. Detecting GPTs empirically 3. Innovation in the International Trade Context 1. The Ricardian Model with a continuum of goods 2. Product and Process Innovation in the Ricardian Model 3. Some more dynamics in the Ricardian Model 2

3 Organisation of the course Course Thursday ( ) HS8 Uwe Cantner, Simone Vannuccini Exercise slot Simone Vannuccini Wednesday ( ) HS5 exercises presentations Examination 1 (group?) presentation + 1 final exam Material Slides (ex ante or ex post?) Papers to read (ex ante) 3

4 Contents 1. Collective Invention and Innovation - Innovation Networks 1. Collective Innovation geographical dimensions 2. Innovation Networks: Concept and pattern 3. Innovation Networks: Structures and Performance 4. Innovation Networks: Change and Dynamics 2. General Purpose Technologies and Innovation Dynamics 1. Long Cycles and GPT definitions 2. GPT-based modeling 3. Detecting GPTs empirically 3. Innovation in the International Trade Context 1. The Ricardian Model with a continuum of goods 2. Product and Process Innovation in the Ricardian Model 3. Some more dynamics in the Ricardian Model 4

5 Collective Invention and Innovation I Innovation cooperations of innovative firms in % (ZEW 2005, Innovation Survey 2003) more than 500 all ddl udl BEB VG ddl: distributive services udl: firms-related services BEB: Mining, Construction VG: manufacturing 5

6 Collective Invention and Innovation II Cooperation with public and private research organisations in % (ZEW 2005, Innovation Survey 2003) more than 500 total ddl udl BEB VG ddl: distributive services udl: firms-related services BEB: Mining, Construction VG: manufacturing Non-Innovators Innovators R&D all 6

7 Collective Invention and Innovation III Cooperation, mobility, both HTW Dresden Central Actors TU Chemnitz TU Freiberg Patents Public TU Dresden Fraunhofer IFW Dresden 68 1 Siemens 65 0 FZ Rossendorf 50 1 ILK Dresden 98 1 HTW Dresden 18 1 IPF Dresden 27 1 Infineon 98 0 Bosch

8 Collective Invention and Innovation IV Cooperation, mobility, both Inocermic Tridelta Central Actors IMB Patents public FSU Jena IPHT 72 1 Fraunhofer 79 1 Carl Zeiss Jenoptik Hans-Knoell-Inst Hermsdorfer ITK 26 1 TITK 63 1 IMB 11 1 TRIDELTA 9 0 FH Jena Max Planck 8

9 Collective Invention and Innovation V First largest component of Silicon Valley by assignee and importance of inventions. Dark nodes are IBM Corporation; light nodes are all others (mainly Stanford in upper left and Syntex and pharmaceutical firms in lower right). Node sizes indicate the number of future prior art citations to an inventor, normalized by the number of collaborators. (Fleming & Frenken 2006) 9

10 Collective Invention and Innovation VI First largest component of Silicon Valley by assignee and importance of inventions. Dark nodes are IBM Corporation; light nodes are all others. Node sizes indicate the number of future prior art citations to an inventor, normalized by the number of collaborators. (Fleming & Frenken 2006) 10

11 Contents 1. Collective Invention and Innovation - Innovation Networks 1. Collective Innovation geographical dimensions 2. Innovation Networks: Concept and pattern 3. Innovation Networks: Structures and Performance 4. Innovation Networks: Change and Dynamics 2. General Purpose Technologies and Innovation Dynamics 1. Long Cycles and GPT definitions 2. GPT-based modeling 3. Detecting GPTs empirically 3. Innovation in the International Trade Context 1. The Ricardian Model with a continuum of goods 2. Product and Process Innovation in the Ricardian Model 3. Some more dynamics in the Ricardian Model 11

12 GPT and Long Waves I 12

13 GPT and Long Waves II Joseph Alois Schumpeter ( ) Nikolai Dmitrijewitsch Kondratieff ( ) THE IDEALISED BUSINESS CYCLE - SCHUMPETER (p 434, Chart ) 13

14 GPT and Long Waves III K Period ImportantTech Key Input Technology leader first mechanization cotton; crude iron GB F, B steam power; train coal; transport GB F, B B D, US electricity; heavy industry mass production (Fordism) steel D US GB F energy (oil) US D EU JP ? ICT microchips JP US D S 6?? Nanot? Automation? Add. Manufacturing?? US EU CHINA 14

15 Contents 1. Collective Invention and Innovation - Innovation Networks 1. Collective Innovation geographical dimensions 2. Innovation Networks: Concept and pattern 3. Innovation Networks: Structures and Performance 4. Innovation Networks: Change and Dynamics 2. General Purpose Technologies and Innovation Dynamics 1. Long Cycles and GPT definitions 2. GPT-based modeling 3. Detecting GPTs empirically 3. Innovation in the International Trade Context 1. The Ricardian Model with a continuum of goods 2. Product and Process Innovation in the Ricardian Model 3. Some more dynamics in the Ricardian Model 15

16 World Welfare Frontier GDP per capita ppp sel. Countries Source: Penn World Tables (also following slides) United States Japan Denmark Germany

17 World Welfare Frontier and the Tiger States United States Japan Denmark Germany China Hong Kong Indonesia Korea Malaysia Singapore Taiwan India Pakistan Philippines Thailand 0 17

18 World Welfare Frontier and Latin Americas United States Japan Denmark Germany Mexico Chile Brazil Colombia Peru Uruguay Venezuela Argentina

19 World Welfare Frontier and Africa United States Japan Denmark Germany Uganda Congo Morocco Egypt Kenya Nigeria South Africa

20 World Welfare Frontier and Western Europe United States Japan Denmark Germany Spain Italy Ireland Finland Austria France Belgium Norway Netherlands Sweden United Kingdom Switzerland 0 20

21 World Welfare Frontier and Eastern Europe United States Japan Denmark Germany Armenia Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Estonia Georgia Kazakhstan Latvia Lithuania Moldova Montenegro Romania Russia Serbia Slovak Republic Slovenia Ukraine Czech Republic Hungary 21

22 Catching-up and the International Product Life Cycle Based on: Raymond Vernon,1966. International investment and international trade in the product cycle, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80(2), pp

23 Trade, knowledge, GVC 23

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