INNOVATION POLICY LOCUS: THE EC RIS3 PUSH TOWARDS A PARTICIPATION APPROACH

Transcription

1 INNOVATION POLICY LOCUS: THE EC RIS3 PUSH TOWARDS A PARTICIPATION APPROACH Annaflavia Bianchi Freelance, lecturer on economics of innovation University of Ferrara, Italy 6CP - 40 Years of innovation policy: what's next? March 24th-25th, Vienna

2 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 2 outline European policy goal: Research and innovation for growth, selection/choice for effective use of resources R&I Strategy for Smart Specialisation: Increase and harmonise the role of the Regions, building on differences Develop a strategy for the future Select priorities Stimulate participation Use the public procurement leverage/stimulus/guide (PCP) Base the research choice on sectoral, technological, territorial, social aggregations of interest Open questions: Institutional levels Participation Social inclusive simple innovation

3 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 3 European institutional levels European Parliament European Commission with 33 Departments (DGs) 28 Member States 353 Regions grouped in the Committee of the Regions Each level has some responsibility for research and innovation policies

4 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 4 stimulate growth in Europe Lisbon goals. Growth, employment, competitiveness, - knowledge, research and innovation increase the effectiveness of Structural Funds - face social challenges - improve R&I strategy of EU Regions > Smart Specialisation Strategy S3 - force a strategic vision, participation, coordination, - monitor the impact policy frame: collective entrepreneurial discovery - peer review - select priority areas - decrease duplication, increase adoption

5 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 5 Horizon 2020 A framework financial instrument implementing the Innovation Union, a Europe 2020 flagship initiative for Europe s global competitiveness A EU Research and Innovation programma with nearly 80 billion of funding available over 7 years ( ) in addition to the private investment that this money will attract. Research areas related to societal challenges

6 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 6 Societal challenges Health, demographic change and wellbeing; Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine and maritime and inland water research, and the Bioeconomy; Secure, clean and efficient energy; Smart, green and integrated transport; Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials; Europe in a changing world - inclusive, innovative and reflective societies; Secure societies - protecting freedom and security of Europe and its citizens

7 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 7 Key Enabler Technologies (KETs) and Digital Economy nanotechnology micro- and nanoelectronics including semiconductors advanced materials biotechnology photonics Mastering these technologies for being at the forefront of managing the shift to a low carbon, knowledge-based economy. They are important in the R&D, innovation and cluster strategies of many industries

8 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 8 Smart specialisation 1/2 (OECD) It is a policy framework combining industrial, educational and innovation policies To identify and select a limited number of priority areas for knowledge-based investments, focusing on a region's strengths and comparative advantages on the basis of: more effective spending of public resources, concentrating on certain domains of knowledge or expertise. the creation of synergies between public support mechanisms for R&D and innovation, industrial promotion and training institutions.

9 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 9 Smart specialisation 2/2 (OECD) the elimination of fragmentation and duplication of policy interventions that may result in a waste of public resources. the identification of the strongest or promising domains for entrepreneurship and growth through a careful analysis of the existing capabilities, assets, competences, competitive advantages in a city, region or country. mechanisms to enable strategic development based on multi-faceted and multi-governance interactions. mapping and benchmarking of cluster including analyses of the role and influence of key players. evidence-based monitoring and evaluation systems to select the knowledge domains and innovation projects.

10 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 10 Research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation (RIS3) Each Region, whether strong or weak, high-tech or low-tech, goes through a transformative process which involves: Developing a vision for growth; Identifying its competitive advantage; Setting strategic priorities; and Making use of smart policies and actions. enhance the effectiveness of European Structural and Investment Funds Increase and harmonise the role of the Regions in R&I develop a strategic vision, select priorities stimulate participation

11 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 11 RIS3 Evidence-based (based on analytics) Co-created with stakeholders (a shared vision) A few prioritised areas: and related technological trajectories Focus on addressing fundamental societal challenges (demand driven) Strategies emphasize and support different types of innovations (practice-based vs. Science and Technology Innovation) A strong focus on increasing the company-university cooperation and on developing the labour force employees competences, so developing the firm s innovation capacity

12 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 12 A method: Key steps for developing a RIS3 1 Analysis of regional context/potential 2 Governance 3 Vision for the future 4 Selection of priorities 5 Policy mix 6 Monitoring and evaluation 6 MONIT ORING 1 ANALYSI S 2 GOVER NANCE RIS3 guide 5 POLICY MIX S3 4 PRIORIT Y SETTING 3 VISION

13 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 13 A platform for RIS3 platform designed to assist regions and countries in developing research and innovation smart specialisation strategies (RIS3), launched in June 2011, managed by JRC-IPTS in Seville ( ) monitored by a Steering Team incl. DG REGIO, RTD, ENTR, EAC, INFSO, AGRI Input from a Mirror Group of European high-level experts and network representatives peer review thematic meetings for sharing and analysing policy problems and solutions

14 Technology readiness levels (TRL) TRL 1 basic principles observed TRL 2 technology concept formulated TRL 3 experimental proof of concept TRL 4 technology validated in lab TRL 5 technology validated in relevant environment (industrially relevant environment in the case of key enabling technologies) TRL 6 technology demonstrated in relevant environment (industrially relevant environment in the case of key enabling technologies) TRL 7 system prototype demonstration in operational environment TRL 8 system complete and qualified TRL 9 actual system proven in operational environment (competitive manufacturing in the case of key enabling technologies; or in space) 14

15 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 15 Example of key strategies in Ireland 1 Accelerate the economic impact of the research and innovation investment Maintain excellence within the research and innovation system Maximise commercialisation of research output Align research and innovation system with enterprise opportunities Enhance technological and non-technological innovation in enterprises, including uptake of new technologies >> Priority Areas for Publicly-performed Research

16 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 16 Example of key strategies in Italy, 2 Priority Areas in five technology and application areas, three which strengthen the traditionally strong economic activities and two in promising expanding activity areas Agrifood Mechatronics Building construction Life science and health Creative and cultural industries

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19 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 19 entrepreneurial discovery (ED) These (current) approaches (spreading money and imitiating other regions) failed to take into account the essential knowledge in this matter, which is entrepreneurial knowledge. RIS3 should address the difficult problem of prioritisation and resource allocation based on the involvement of all stakeholders in a process of entrepreneurial discovery, which should secure a regionally and business-driven, inclusive and open prioritisation process. There are different methodologies for organising such processes, e.g. surveys, seminars with participatory leadership methods, crowdsourcing, etc. (RIS3 Guide, pag. 52)

20 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 20 Aims of an ED exercise Define the policy measure priorities Place related Feasible Aware of experience elsewhere Specialised and differentiated Business driven Share the priority selection and result with all stakeholders Companies Research institutes Administrations Associations Citizens

21 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 21 A definition of ED about designing a process, that enables key entrepreneurial stakeholders (firms, individual entrepreneurs, the public sector, universities and cluster organizations ) to identify possibilities that may propel the region s growth and development. It is not only a process that takes place in the designing phase of a regional innovation strategy, but something that happens continuously when implementing the strategy (North Denmark) - Having a solid evidence-based foundation and few selected priorities and a shared vision among stakeholders - Having appropriate decision-making mechanisms in place that makes prioritisation possible - Using appropriate tools when implementing the strategy

22 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 22 Self assessment Source: RIS3 platform

23 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 23 Italy, a varied set of Regions Differences in: size (from a few hundred thousand to 4-5 million inhabitants), economic development (GDP per capita, unemployed), industrial composition (agriculture, manufacturing traditional sectors, advanced sectors finance, services), institutional structure (5 out of the 20 Regions have a special autonomous status, one of them is split in two autonomous Provinces) and behaviour: delay and incomplete action for structural fund use, centralised vs. participative approach, openness to cooperate, ability to attract external investment, quality of research people and labs,

24 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 24 Central national support Technological foresight Choose beneficiaries for research funding Define criteria for selecting beneficiaries Public procurement as a tool for innovation policy Innovation intermediaries in the territory Support to define an action plan to build a strategy for R&I Analysis of the policy tools and of the monitoring indicators Check overlaps, and ease the emerging of cooperative areas, or actions too heavy for the sub-national regional level and to be dealt with at national level > national S3 Nathan Rosenberg taught us that adopting a technology or a piece of research result is not only a matter of purchase cost: if you didn t invest enough in that field you are not able to absorb

25 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 25 National technology clusters Bridging universities, companies, innovation centres and regional/national institutions the subjects involved up to now are 456: 112 belonging to the research field (universities, private research institutions, scientific institutes for research, hospitalization and care) and 344 to the industrial field (i.e. 140 big companies and 204 small and medium sized enterprises, including some startup companies).

26 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 26 Areas of specialisation in Italy The areas were selected on the basis of existing scientific knowledge, industrial experience and plants, ability to respond to social challenges and to trigger economic growth. aerospace, agrifood, cultural goods, green chemistry, sea-water economy, energy, intelligent factory, non R&S innovation, sustainable mobility, life science, smart communities, ambient assisted living technologies.

27 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 27 e.g. green chemistry Pilot or fully active biorefineries in Europe source Biopol & EuroBiorefinery Euroview, 2012 Cereal biorefinery (EUROVIEW) Whole crop biorefinery (BIOPOL) Oilseed biorefinery (EUROVIEW) Green biorefinery (EUROVIEW) Green biorefinery (BIOPOL) Lignocellulosic feedstock / forest based and lignocellulosic biorefinery Europe s major harbours

28 e.g. green chemistry (GC) Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 28

29 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 29 Technology challenges in GC 1. To guarantee low cost mono-product - biomass availability and access 2. To increase effectiveness and sustainability of the process of scission of the bioactive molecule from preprocessed biomass and the transformation of the raw material inflow into the biorefinery 3. training, roadmap,

30 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 30 on RIS3, points for future thoughts national innovation systems and regional innovation systems were defined and analysed some decades ago, and now Regional Governments are checking what type of innovation system do they have in their territory, what is missing, what they can learn from other regional innovation systems, what they can build together to improve the life quality of their citizens Discussing about policy tools for R&I means recognising the need for a R&I policy For enlarging the group of stakeholders involved in the definition strategic vision, several steps are required, such as: a disclosed agreement, analytical tools, commitment, monitoring

31 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 31 the ongoing RIS3 exercise - a support to policy improvement - a way of increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of public investment in R&I, in a time of crisis - a complement to the efforts of building a more cohesive economic and political area in Europe - some Regions continue as usual, as they were already active in that track; some see it as an imposition, an additional duty; some others ride the opportunity for experiencing a collective learning process, which will be upgraded and monitored during the 7 years On top, S3 generates a huge amount of interesting data for future research analysis

32 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 32 Open questions 1/4 1. Which role for nations? And which role for Regions? How to make geographical/institutional levels consistent and effective? Does an ideal locus of innovation policy exist, or complementary loci can exist which combine the federal level with the national and the regional one?

33 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 33 Open questions 2/4 1. Which role for nations? And which role for Regions? How to make geographical/institutional levels consistent and effective? Does an ideal locus of innovation policy exist, or complementary loci can exist which combine the federal level with the national and the regional one? 2. a centralised vs. participatory process for defining the priorities: Which intermediate bodies are required to manage and channel participation? and Which tools, competences and awards to motivate firm, local PA and citizen participation? Participation, social innovation, private-public partnership for facing resource constraints, and building on differences and complementarities, public procurement,

34 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 34 Open questions 3/4 1. Which role for nations? And which role for Regions? How to make geographical/institutional levels consistent and effective? Does an ideal locus of innovation policy exist, or complementary loci can exist which combine the federal level with the national and the regional one? 2. a centralised vs. participatory process for defining the priorities: Which intermediate bodies are required to manage and channel participation? and Which tools, competences and awards to motivate firm, local PA and citizen participation? Participation, social innovation, private-public partnership for facing resource constraints, and building on differences and complementarities, public procurement, 3. How to extract from global knowledge new ideas and to adapt old pieces of knowledge for useful applications? Adapt even minor spill overs of innovation to local problems, social difficulties, with simple/simplified solutions and applications.

35 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 35 Open questions 4/4 1. Which role for nations? And which role for Regions? How to make geographical/institutional levels consistent and effective? Does an ideal locus of innovation policy exist, or complementary loci can exist which combine the federal level with the national and the regional one? 2. a centralised vs. participatory process for defining the priorities: Which intermediate bodies are required to manage and channel participation? and Which tools, competences and awards to motivate firm, local PA and citizen participation? Participation, social innovation, private-public partnership for facing resource constraints, and building on differences and complementarities, public procurement, 3. How to extract from global knowledge new ideas and to adapt old pieces of knowledge for useful applications? Adapt even minor spill overs of innovation to local problems, social difficulties, with simple/simplified solutions and applications. 4. Anything new up to now in the Region experience?

36 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 36 Open questions 1. Which role for nations? And which role for Regions? How to make geographical/institutional levels consistent and effective? Does an ideal locus of innovation policy exist, or complementary loci can exist which combine the federal level with the national and the regional one? 2. a centralised vs. participatory process for defining the priorities: Which intermediate bodies are required to manage and channel participation? and Which tools, competences and awards to motivate firm, local PA and citizen participation? Participation, social innovation, private-public partnership for facing resource constraints, and building on differences and complementarities, public procurement, 3. How to extract from global knowledge new ideas and to adapt old pieces of knowledge for useful applications? Adapt even minor spill overs of innovation to local problems, social difficulties, with simple/simplified solutions and applications. 4. Anything new up to now in the Region experience?

37 Annaflavia Bianchi - March CP Vienna 37 thank you for your attention for further discussion annaflavia.bianchi@gmail.com