12 th ECSL Summer Course Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

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1 12th ECSL Summer Course on Space Law and Policy Katholieke Universiteit Leuven September 4th, 2003

2 The European Space Agency The idea of an independent European space agency dates back to the early 1960's. ESA was formed in 1975, replacing the satellite and launcher organisations ESRO and ELDO. It has 15 Member States.

3 ESA Member States ESA has 15 member States : Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Canada takes part in some projects under a cooperation agreement.

4 The purpose of ESA An inter-governmental organisation with a mission to provide and promote - for exclusively peaceful purposes - the exploitation of : Space science, research & technology Space applications ESA achieves this through : Space activities and programmes Long term space policy A specific industrial policy Coordinating European with national space programmes

5 The ESA Convention Approved on 30 May 1975 and entered in force on 30 October 1980 Article V.1.b and Annex III on Optional Programmes (next to Agency s mandatory activitiy) Article X establishes two organs: the Council and the Director General and Art. XI.8.a a subordinate body, the Science Programme Committee (SPC) Art.VII and Annex V : Industrial Policy and the «juste retour» principle :

6 ESA programmes All Member States participate in activities and a common set of programmes related to space science (mandatory programmes). In addition, members chose the level of participation in optional programmes: Manned space flight Microgravity research Earth observation Telecommunications Navigation Launcher development 12th ECSL Summer Course Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

7 ESA governing bodies COUNCIL PROGRAMME BOARDS COMMUNICATIONS EARTH OBSERVATION LAUNCHERS MANNED SPACEFLIGHT MICROGRAVITY NAVIGATION SCIENCE PROGRAMME COMMITTEE (SPC) ADMINISTRATIVE & FINANCE COMMITTEE (AFC) INDUSTRIAL POLICY COMMITTEE (IPC) INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE (IRC) DIRECTOR GENERAL 01/2002-6

8 ESA organigramme DIRECTOR GENERAL J-J. DORDAIN DIRECTOR OF ADMINISTRATION DIRECTORATE OF STRATEGY AND EXTERNAL RELATIONS DIRECTOR OF INDUSTRIAL MATTERS & TECHNO. PROGRAMMES DIRECTOR OF TECHNICAL & OPERATIONAL SUPPORT D. SACOTTE J-P. PONCELET H. KAPPLER G. WINTERS DIRECTOR OF SCIENCE DIRECTOR OF APPLICATION PROGRAMMES DIRECTOR OF EARTH OBSERVATION PROGRAMMES DIRECTOR OF MANNED SPACEFLIGHT AND MICROGRAVITY DIRECTOR OF LAUNCHERS D. SOUTHWOOD C. MASTRACCI J. ACHACHE J. FEUSTEL-BÜECHL A.FABRIZI

9 ESA headquarters and establishments HEADQUARTERS - Paris, France ESA headquarters houses the Director General s office, general administration and the main programme directorates. Staff (including Brussels, Kourou liaison, Moscow, Toulouse, Washington and Houston offices). ESTEC - Noordwijk, the Netherlands European Space Research & Technology Centre Staff EAC - Cologne, Germany European Astronaut Centre Staff - 19 ESOC - Darmstadt, Germany European Space Operations Centre Staff ESRIN - Frascati, Italy European Space Research Institute Staff Staff in post at 30/06/2003, total : 1927

10 ESA staff per country at TOTAL /2002-8

11 ESA world locations Establishments Offices ESA ground stations Ground stations used by ESA Ariane downrange stations Villafranca Brussels ESA Paris Toulouse ESTEC (Noordwijk) Kiruna Redu EAC Cologne ESOC (Darmstadt) ESRIN (Frascati) Fucino CDN Washington Maspalomas Moscow Houston Kourou Natal Libreville Malindi Ascension Perth

12 ESTEC - European space research & technology centre ESA's largest establishment. Principal functions : Project management Future studies Space science Conception & management of ESA's space technology programme Spacecraft testing Provision of technical expertise & laboratory facilities

13 ESA-Paris, ESTEC PARIS ESTEC

14 ESOC - European space operations centre Ensures the smooth working of spacecraft in orbit. Principal functions : Operation of spacecraft Satellite control & payload operations Design & operation of ground facilities Operations Control Centre : Main control room Spacecraft dedicated control rooms Computer & engineering facilities Ground stations

15 ESRIN Principal functions : Acquisition, processing, archiving & distribution of remote sensing data from ERS-2, ENVISAT & other satellites such as Landsat, NOAA-Tiros, MOS, JERS, etc. Management of ESA's non-operational Data Processing Activities, including development and operation of information systems.

16 ESOC, ESRIN ESOC ESRIN

17 Budgets for 2002, breakdown by programmes APPROVED PROGRAMMES : ME + PROGRAMMES FINANCED BY THIRD PARTIES : 88.5 ME = TOTAL BUDGETS FOR 2002 : ME Financed by third parties 3.0%, 88.5 ME GSTP, Prodex - 1.5%, 46.3 ME General Budget - 6.0%, ME Associated to General Bugget 4.8%, ME Launchers 20.3%, ME TOTAL BUDGETS ME Scientific Programme 12.9%, ME Earth Observation Programmes 13.2%, ME Manned Space Flight 24.0%, ME ME : Million of Euro Microgravity 2.6%, 72.8 ME Navigation Programmes 3.0%, 85.0 ME Telecommunications Programmes 8.7%, ME ESA/AF - 01/2002

18 Comparison of Member States' mandatory contributions with total mandatory and Optional contributions to ESA programmes Member States' contributions to ESA's mandatory programmes calculated on the basis of their GNP Total of Member States Contributions to ESA's mandatory and optional programmes ME : Million of Euro ESA/AF-01/2002

19 Industrial policy About 90% of ESA s budget is spent on contracts with European industry, mainly for R&D. ESA's industrial policy ensures a guaranteed return for Member States on contributions, both financially and in terms of technical development activity. Aims : Improve competitiveness of European industry Conduct cost-effective R & D, and operations Ensure equitable participation for all Member States

20 The birth of commercial operators ESA is responsible for research and development of space projects. On completion of qualification, these projects are handed over to outside bodies for the production/exploitation phase. Operational systems are transferred to new or specially established organisations : Launchers : Arianespace - launcher production phase Communications : Eutelsat & Inmarsat - international communications services via ECS/MARECS Meteorology : Eumetsat - Meteosat weather satellites

21 Satellite Navigation: EGNOS, Galileo and Galileosat EGNOS, the European satellite based augmentation service is the stepping stone for the European efforts towards GNSS-2/Galileo and represents an institutional, industrial and operational breakthrough in the field. It is a joint effort of the European Union, ESA and EUROCONTROL. Galileo is the major initiative of the European Union leading to fundamental strategic, political, economic and industrial benefits. Its definition phase is being carried out in cooperation with ESA. Galileosat is the programme of ESA to cover Galileo s space and related ground segment up to the in-orbit validation.

22 Ariane sucess story 1st AR1. L01 1st AR2. V20 1st AR3. V10 1st AR4. V22 100st AR4. V134 AR5. V101

23 Ariane 5 : a new launcher designed for the 21st century ZL 3 LANCEMENT 504 BAF

24 European astronauts Corps of 16 astronauts. ESA created in 1998 a single European Astronaut Corps: Astronaut programmes in individual European countries are merged into a single, European programme. ESA has had 19 astronaut missions.

25 European astronauts ESA astronauts : Jean-François Clervoy (France) Pedro Duque (Spain) Léopold Eyharts (France) Reinhold Ewald (Germany) Christer Fuglesang (Sweden) Umberto Guidoni (Italy) Claudie Haigneré (France) André Kuipers (Netherlands) Paolo Nespoli (Italy) Claude Nicollier (Switzerland) Thomas Reiter (Germany) Hans Schlegel (Germany) Gerhard Thiele (Germany) Michel Tognini (France) Roberto Vittori (Italy) Frank De Winne (Belgium)

26 International space station Elements of European participation Europe participating is in the following : Development and operation of flight elements and their associated ground infrastructure : - Columbus Laboratory - Automated Transport Vehicle (ATV) Cooperation with NASA on a prototype crew return vehicule (X-38) Development and delivery of hardware and software to other partners through cooperation or barter arrangements : Node 2, Node 3, Data Management System for the Russian Service Module (ZVEZDA), European Robotic Arm, Cupola, and other elements Development of multi-user experiment facilities on the International Space Station, in the framework of the Microgravity Facilities for Columbus (MFC) programme Preparation for the operation and utilisation of the Station Preparation for astronaut activities on the Station

27 The International Space Station ESA-ATV RUSSIA CANADA USA JAPAN ESA-COLUMBUS

28 The international Space Station ISS ATV COLUMBUS LABORATORY