Phase-Locked Loops (PLL)
|
|
- Felix Dennis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Phae-Locked Loop (PLL) Recommended Text: Gray, P.R. & Meyer. R.G., Analyi and Deign of Analog Integrated Circuit (3 rd Edition), Wiley (992) pp
2 Introduction The phae-locked loop concept wa firt developed in the It ha ince been ued in communication ytem of many type, particularly in atellite communication ytem. Until recently, however, phae-locked ytem have been too complex and cotly for ue in mot conumer and indutrial ytem, where performance requirement are more modet and other approache are more economical. The PLL i particularly amenable to monolithic contruction, however, and integrated-circuit phae-locked loop can now be fabricated at very low cot. Their ue ha become attractive for many application uch a FM demodulator, tereo demodulator, tone detector, frequency yntheizer, and other.
3 Definition A PLL i a feedback ytem that include a. Voltage Controlled cillator (VC), 2. phae detector, and 3. low pa filter within it loop. It purpoe i to force the VC to replicate and track the frequency and phae at the input when in lock. The PLL i a control ytem allowing one ocillator to track with another. It i poible to have a phae offet between input and output, but when locked, the frequencie mut exactly track.
4 The PLL output can be taken from either. V cont, the filtered (almot DC) VC control voltage, or 2. from the output of the VC depending on the application. The former provide a baeband output that track the phae variation at the input. The VC output can be ued a a local ocillator or to generate a clock ignal for a digital ytem. Either phae or frequency can be ued a the input or output variable. f coure, phae and frequency are interrelated by: dϕ t ω( t) and ϕ( t) ϕ(0) + ω( t') dt' dt 0
5 Application: There are many application for the PLL:. a. FM demodulator 2. b. Frequency yntheizer 3. c. Clock generation You hould note that there will be different input and output variable and different deign criteria for each cae, but you can till ue the ame baic loop topology and analyi method.
6 Phae detector: Phae detector compare the phae at each input and generate an error ignal, v e (t), proportional to the phae difference between the two input. D i the gain of the phae detector (V/rad). v e ( ϕ ( t) ϕ ( )) ( t) t D out A one familiar circuit example, an analogue multiplier (Gilbert cell) can be ued a a phae detector. Recall that the mixer take the product of two input. v e (t) A(t)B(t). If, in A( t) Aco( ω0t + ϕ A ) and B( t) B co( ω0t + ϕ B ) A( t) B( t) AB co( ω0t + ϕ A ) co( ω0t + ϕ B ) ( AB / 2) [ co( 2ω t + ϕ + ϕ ) + co( ϕ ϕ )] 0 A B A B
7 Since the two input are at the ame frequency when the loop i locked, we have:. one output at twice the input frequency and 2. an output proportional to the coine of the phae difference. v ( AB / 2) [ co( 2ω t + ϕ + ϕ ) + ( ϕ ϕ )] e( t) 0 co A The doubled frequency component mut be removed by the lowpa loop filter. Any phae difference then how up a the control voltage to the VC, a DC or lowly varying AC ignal after filtering. B A B
8 Tranfer Characteritic The averaged tranfer characteritic of uch a phae detector i hown below. Note that in many implementation, the characteritic may be hifted up in voltage (ingle upply/ingle ended). If the phae difference i π /2, then the average or integrated output from the XR-type phae detector will be zero (or V DD /2 for ingle upply, digital XR). The lope of the characteritic in either cae i D.
9 Voltage-Controlled cillator (VC) In PLL application, the VC i treated a a linear, time-invariant ytem. Exce phae of the VC i the ytem output. ϕ out t V cont dt' The VC ocillate at an angular frequency, ω out. It frequency i et to a nominal ω 0 when the control voltage i zero. Frequency i aumed to be linearly proportional to the control voltage with a gain coefficient or VC (rad//v). ω out ω + V cont Thu, to obtain an arbitrary output frequency (within the VC tuning range), a finite V cont i required. Let define φ out φ in φ.
10 VC (cont.) In the figure below, the two input to the phae detector are depicted a quare wave. The XR function produce an output pule whenever there i a phae mialignment. Suppoe that an output frequency ω i needed. From the upper right figure, we ee that a control voltage V will be neceary to produce thi output frequency.
11 VC (cont.) The phae detector can produce thi V only by maintaining a phae offet φ 0 at it input. In order to minimize the required phae offet or error, the PLL loop gain, D, hould be maximized, ince ϕ 0 V ω ω0 D D Thu, a high loop gain i beneficial for reducing phae error.
12 PLL dynamic repone To ee how the PLL work, uppoe that we introduce phae tep at the input at t t. So that, ϕ ( ) in ωt + ϕ0 + ϕu t t Since we have a tep in phae, it i clear that the initial and final frequencie mut be identical: ω. But, a temporary change in frequency i neceary to hift the phae by f.
13 Dynamic Repone ( ϕ) The area under ω out give the additional phae becaue V cont i proportional to frequency. ϕ ωoutdt Vcont ( t) dt t t After ettling, all parameter are a before ince the initial and final frequencie are the ame. Thi how that V cont (t) can be ued to monitor the dynamic phae repone of the PLL.
14 Dynamic Repone ( ω.) Now, let invetigate the behaviour during a frequency tep: ϕ 2 ϕ + ϕ The will caue the phae difference to grow with time Thi in turn caue the control voltage, V cont, to increae, moving the frequency tep will caue the phae difference to grow with time ince a frequency tep i a phae ramp. Thi in turn caue the V cont, to increae, moving the VC frequency up to catch up with the input reference ignal. In thi cae, we have a permanent change in ω out ince a higher V cont i required to utain a higher ω out. If the frequency tep i too large, the PLL will loe lock.
15 PLL in Locked Condition Approach: We will dicu the detail of phae detector and loop filter a we proceed. But, at thi point, we will treat the PLL a a linear feedback ytem. We aume that it i already locked to the reference ignal, and examine how the output varie with the loop tranfer function and input. A frequency domain approach will be ued, pecifically decribing tranfer function in the -domain. V e ()/ φ D and φ out ()/V cont () / Note that the VC perform an integration of the control voltage and thu provide a factor of / in the loop tranfer function. Becaue of thi, a PLL i alway at leat a firt order feedback ytem.
16 PLL a Feedback Sytem. Loop Gain: T ( ) FWD ( ) FB ( ) Tranfer Function: UT( ) IN( ) H ( ) FWD( ) + T ( ) The Loop gain can be decribed a a polynomial: '( + a)( + b) l T ( ) n ( +α )( + β ) l RDER the order of the polynomial in the denominator TYPE n (the exponent of the factor in the denominator) PHASE ERRR ε ( ) IN( ) / + T ( ) [ ] [ ] ) ε SS lim ε( ) limε ( t STEADY STATE ERRR 0 t SS error i a characteritic of feedback control ytem. Thi i the error remaining in the loop at the phae detector output after all tranient have died out. Large loop gain lead to mall errorr
17 PLL a a firt-order filter The cloed-loop gain tranfer function i given by Auming The tranfer function in term of frequency variation therefore can be expreed a: Auming that LP i removed and v D A, hence Thu the loop inherently produce a firt order low-pa tranfer characteritic ( ) A F A F V D D i / ) ( ) ( + ϕ ) ( then dt d i i i i ϕ ω ϕ ω D D i i A F A F V V + ) ( ) ( ϕ ω v v i V + ω
18 PLL a a firt-order filter Auming that LP i removed and v D A, hence Thu the loop inherently produce a firt order low-pa tranfer characteritic. D D i i A F A F V V + ) ( ) ( ϕ ω v v i V + ω
19 Example A PLL ha a o of 2π (khz/v), a v of and a free-running frequency of 500Hz. Find V for a contant input ignal frequency of 250 Hz and khz Sketch the repone of V ( ωi ωo ) V / At 250 Hz, At 500 Hz ( 2π (250) 2π (500))/ 2 (khz / V ) 0. V ( 2 π (000) 2π (500))/ 2 (khz / V ) 0. V V π 25 V π 5
20 PLL a a firt-order filter Thi example how that PLL can operate with no loop filter Neverthele it ha everal practical drawback. Since the phae detector i really a multiplier, it produce a um frequency component at it output a well a the difference frequency component. Thi component at twice the carrier frequency will be fed directly to the output if there i no loop filter. Alo, all the out-of-band interfering ignal preent at the input will appear, hifted in frequency, at the output. Thu, a loop filter i very deirable in application where interfering ignal are preent.
21 Second-order PLL The mot common configuration for integrated circuit PLL i the econdorder loop. Here, loop filter F() i imply a ingle-pole, low-pa filter, uually realized with a ingle reitor and capacitor. Thu Subtituting thi into It give: The root of thi tranfer function are D D i i A F A F V V + ) ( ) ( ϕ ω / ) ( ω F + v v i V 2 / / ω ω + + ±,2 4 2 ω ω v
22 Damping Factor Thi tranfer function an be alo expreed a: V 2 ωi 2ζ ω ω ω n ζ 2 ω ω v v i n We can have a very underdamped repone when ω << V. Think about the invere Laplace tranform of the complex conjugate pole pair. n croover frequency i damping factor
23 The invere Laplace tranform of the complex conjugate pole pair. Give,2 v( t) ω 4 ± 2 ω t v e ω ω 2 4 in 2 ω v A good compromie i uing a maximally flat low-pa pole configuration in For thi repone, the damping factor hould be equal to / 2 Thu t ω ζ and ω 2 2 v 2 v
24 PLL open-loop repone with no loop filter
25 PLL open-loop repone with a ingle-pole filter
26 PLL open-loop repone with zero added in loop filter Adding a reitor to the lowpa loop filter contribute a zero to it tranfer function + / ω2 F( ) + / ω ω 2 R 2 C ω ( + R )C R 2 Thu, the zero frequency i alway higher than the pole frequency, ω 2 >ω.
27 Lock Range Lock Range. Range of input ignal frequencie over which the loop remain locked once it ha captured the input ignal. Thi can be limited either by the (a) phae detector or (b) the VC frequency range. If limited by phae detector: 0 < φ <π i the active range where lock can be maintained.
28 Lock Range For the phae detector type hown (Gilbert multiplier or mixer), the voltage v. phae lope revere outide thi range. Thu the frequency would change in the oppoite direction to that required to maintain the locked condition. V e-max ± D π /2 When the phae detector output voltage i applied through the loop filter to the VC, ω out max ± V π /2 ω L (lock range) where V D, the product of the phae detector and VC gain. Thi i the frequency range around the free running frequency that the loop can track. Doen t depend on the loop filter Doe depend on DC loop gain b. The lock range could alo be limited by the tuning range of the VC. cillator tuning range i limited by capacitance ratio or current ratio and i finite. In many cae, the VC can et the maximum lock range.
29 Capture Range Capture range: Range of input frequencie around the VC centre frequency onto which the loop will lock when tarting from an unlocked condition. The capture range i the range of input frequencie for which the initially unlocked loop will lock on an input ignal and i alway le than the lock range. the capture range i difficult to predict analytically. A a very rough rule of thumb, the approximate capture range can be etimated uing the following procedure: When the input frequency i wept through a range around the center frequency, the output voltage a a function of input frequency diplay a hyterei effect.
30 Capture Range Aume that the loop i opened at the loop-amplifier output and that a ignal with a frequency not equal to the free-running VC frequency i applied at the input of the PLL. The inuoidal difference frequency component that appear at the output of the phae detector ha the value V p π (t) 2 ω ω D co( i oc ) t
31 Capture Range The output from the loop amplifier thu conit of a inuoid at the difference frequency whoe amplitude i reduced by the loop filter. Thi component i paed through the loop filter, and the output from the loop amplifier reulting from thi component i (t) π Vo D A F( j( ωi ωoc )) co( ( ωi ωoc ) t ϕ ) 2 whereϕ i ϕ F( j( ωi ωoc )) In order for capture to occur, the magnitude of the voltage that mut be applied to the VC input i ωi ωoc Voc(t) Capture i likely to occur when V (t) V (t) Therefore: oc < π ωi ωoc < D A F( j( ωi ωoc )) 2 Sometime a frequency detector i added to the phae detector to ait in initial acquiition of lock. o
32 Typical Quetion The 2nd-order phae-locked loop (PLL) ytem illutrated in Fig. 2 contain ub-element with correponding gain value a hown in Table. The amplifier gain may be aumed to be contant.
33 Typical Quetion Table of Gain Component Symbol Value Unit Phae Detector D 50 volt/radian VC 0 6 Radian/ec/volt Amplifier A 20 db Given loop-filter component value R 5.6 kω, R Ω and C nf, ketch (a) the aymptotic cloed-loop (Vo/ω ) PLL frequency repone and etimate the banbwidth and (b) the aymptotic loop-gain repone and graphically or otherwie, determine the 0 db intercept frequency
Produced in cooperation with. Revision: May 26, Overview
Lab Aignment 6: Tranfer Function Analyi Reviion: May 6, 007 Produced in cooperation with www.digilentinc.com Overview In thi lab, we will employ tranfer function to determine the frequency repone and tranient
More informationExperiment 8: Active Filters October 31, 2005
Experiment 8: Active Filter October 3, In power circuit filter are implemented with ductor and capacitor to obta the deired filter characteritic. In tegrated electronic circuit, however, it ha not been
More informationMAX3610 Synthesizer-Based Crystal Oscillator Enables Low-Cost, High-Performance Clock Sources
Deign Note: HFDN-31.0 Rev.1; 04/08 MAX3610 Syntheizer-Baed Crytal Ocillator Enable Low-Cot, High-Performance Clock Source MAX3610 Syntheizer-Baed Crytal Ocillator Enable Low-Cot, High-Performance Clock
More informationPosition Control of a Large Antenna System
Poition Control of a Large Antenna Sytem uldip S. Rattan Department of Electrical Engineering Wright State Univerity Dayton, OH 45435 krattan@c.wright.edu ABSTRACT Thi report decribe the deign of a poition
More informationCHAPTER 2 WOUND ROTOR INDUCTION MOTOR WITH PID CONTROLLER
16 CHAPTER 2 WOUND ROTOR INDUCTION MOTOR WITH PID CONTROLLER 2.1 INTRODUCTION Indutrial application have created a greater demand for the accurate dynamic control of motor. The control of DC machine are
More informationChapter Introduction
Chapter-6 Performance Analyi of Cuk Converter uing Optimal Controller 6.1 Introduction In thi chapter two control trategie Proportional Integral controller and Linear Quadratic Regulator for a non-iolated
More informationGemini. The errors from the servo system are considered as the superposition of three things:
Gemini Mount Control Sytem Report Prediction Of Servo Error Uing Simulink Model Gemini 9 July 1996 MCSJDW (Iue 3) - Decribe the proce of etimating the performance of the main axi ervo uing the non-linear
More informationV is sensitive only to the difference between the input currents,
PHYSICS 56 Experiment : IC OP-Amp and Negative Feedback In thi experiment you will meaure the propertie of an IC op-amp, compare the open-loop and cloed-loop gain, oberve deterioration of performance when
More informationComparative Study of PLL, DDS and DDS-based PLL Synthesis Techniques for Communication System
International Journal of Electronic Engineering, 2(1), 2010, pp. 35-40 Comparative Study of PLL, DDS and DDS-baed PLL Synthei Technique for Communication Sytem Govind Singh Patel 1 & Sanjay Sharma 2 1
More informationFrequency Calibration of A/D Converter in Software GPS Receivers
Frequency Calibration of A/D Converter in Software GPS Receiver L. L. Liou, D. M. Lin, J. B. Tui J. Schamu Senor Directorate Air Force Reearch Laboratory Abtract--- Thi paper preent a oftware-baed method
More informationExperiment 4: Active Filters
Experiment : Active Filter In power circuit filter are implemented with ductor and capacitor to obta the deired filter characteritic. In tegrated electronic circuit, however, it ha not been poible to realize
More informationHIGH VOLTAGE DC-DC CONVERTER USING A SERIES STACKED TOPOLOGY
HIGH VOLTAGE DC-DC CONVERTER USING A SERIES STACKED TOPOLOGY Author: P.D. van Rhyn, Co Author: Prof. H. du T. Mouton Power Electronic Group (PEG) Univerity of the Stellenboch Tel / Fax: 21 88-322 e-mail:
More informationDVCC Based K.H.N. Biquadratic Analog Filter with Digitally Controlled Variations
American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2014, Vol. 2, No. 6, 159-164 Available online at http://pub.ciepub.com/ajeee/2/6/1 Science and Education Publihing DO:10.12691/ajeee-2-6-1 DVCC
More informationSIMULINK for Process Control
SIMULINK for Proce Control Simulink for Control MATLAB, which tand for MATrix LABoratory, i a technical computing environment for high-performance numeric computation and viualization. SIMULINK i a part
More informationSCK LAB MANUAL SAMPLE
SCK LAB MANUAL SAMPLE VERSION 1.2 THIS SAMPLE INCLUDES: TABLE OF CONTENTS TWO SELECTED LABS FULL VERSION IS PROVIDED FREE WITH KITS Phone: +92 51 8356095, Fax: +92 51 8311056 Email: info@renzym.com, URL:www.renzym.com
More informationDIGITAL COMMUNICATION
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL &ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DIGITAL COMMUNICATION Spring 2010 Yrd. Doç. Dr. Burak Kelleci OUTLINE Line Code Differential Encoding Regeneration, Decoding and Filtering Delta Modulation
More informationComm 502: Communication Theory. Lecture 5. Intersymbol Interference FDM TDM
Lecture 5 Interymbol Interference FDM TDM 1 Time Limited Waveform Time-Limited Signal = Frequency Unlimited Spectrum Square Pule i a Time-Limited Signal Fourier Tranform 0 T S -3/T S -2/T S -1/T S 0 1/T
More informationTasks of Power Electronics
Power Electronic Sytem Power electronic refer to control and converion of electrical power by power emiconductor device wherein thee device operate a witche. Advent of ilicon-controlled rectifier, abbreviated
More informationEEEE 480 Analog Electronics
EEEE 480 Analog Electronic Lab #1: Diode Characteritic and Rectifier Circuit Overview The objective of thi lab are: (1) to extract diode model parameter by meaurement of the diode current v. voltage characteritic;
More informationRESEARCH ON NEAR FIELD PASSIVE LOCALIZATION BASED ON PHASE MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY BY TWO TIMES FREQUENCY DIFFERENCE
RESEARCH ON NEAR FIED PASSIVE OCAIZATION BASED ON PHASE MEASUREMENT TECHNOOGY BY TWO TIMES FREQUENCY DIFFERENCE Xuezhi Yan, Shuxun Wang, Zhongheng Ma and Yukuan Ma College of Communication Engineering
More informationLab 7 Rev. 2 Open Lab Due COB Friday April 27, 2018
EE314 Sytem Spring Semeter 2018 College of Engineering Prof. C.R. Tolle South Dakota School of Mine & Technology Lab 7 Rev. 2 Open Lab Due COB Friday April 27, 2018 In a prior lab, we et up the baic hardware
More informationPower Electronics Laboratory. THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES School of Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications
.0 Objective THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES School of Electrical Engineering & Telecommunication ELEC464 Experiment : C-C Step-own (Buck) Converter Thi experiment introduce you to a C-C tep-down (buck)
More informationPrevious lecture. Lecture 5 Control of DVD reader. TheDVD-reader tracking problem. Can you see the laser spot?
Lecture 5 Control of DVD reader Previou lecture Focu control Radial control (Track following) Lecture 4: Specification in frequency domain Loop haping deign Problem formulation Modeling Specification Focu
More informationActive vibration isolation for a 6 degree of freedom scale model of a high precision machine
Active vibration iolation for a 6 degree of freedom cale model of a high preciion machine W.B.A. Boomma Supervior Report nr : Prof. Dr. Ir. M. Steinbuch : DCT 8. Eindhoven Univerity of Technology Department
More informationResonant amplifier L A B O R A T O R Y O F L I N E A R C I R C U I T S. Marek Wójcikowski English version prepared by Wiesław Kordalski
A B O R A T O R Y O F I N E A R I R U I T S Reonant amplifier 3 Marek Wójcikowki Englih verion prepared by Wieław Kordalki. Introduction Thi lab allow you to explore the baic characteritic of the reonant
More informationAn FM signal in the region of 4.2 to 4.6
A LOW COST, HIGH ACCURACY RADAR ALTIMETER Thi article decribe the development of a frequency modulated (FM) radar altimeter for meauring the height of flying object. The entire tructure comprie two part:
More informationSelf-Programmable PID Compensator for Digitally Controlled SMPS
6 IEEE COMPEL Workhop, Renelaer Polytechnic Intitute, Troy, NY, USA, July 16-19, 6 Self-Programmable PID Compenator for Digitally Controlled SMPS Zhenyu Zhao and Alekandar Prodi Univerity of Toronto Toronto,
More informationFeedback Control Design of Off-line Flyback Converter
Application Note Edwin Wang AN7 Jun 24 Feedback Control Deign of Off-line Flyback Converter Abtract Controlling the feedback of off-line flyback converter ha often perplexed power engineer becaue it involve
More informationAnalysis. Control of a dierential-wheeled robot. Part I. 1 Dierential Wheeled Robots. Ond ej Stan k
Control of a dierential-wheeled robot Ond ej Stan k 2013-07-17 www.otan.cz SRH Hochchule Heidelberg, Mater IT, Advanced Control Engineering project Abtract Thi project for the Advanced Control Engineering
More informationNew Resonance Type Fault Current Limiter
New Reonance Type Fault Current imiter Mehrdad Tarafdar Hagh 1, Member, IEEE, Seyed Behzad Naderi 2 and Mehdi Jafari 2, Student Member, IEEE 1 Mechatronic Center of Excellence, Univerity of Tabriz, Tabriz,
More informationConstant Switching Frequency Self-Oscillating Controlled Class-D Amplifiers
http://dx.doi.org/.5755/j.eee..6.773 ELEKTRONIKA IR ELEKTROTECHNIKA, ISSN 39 5, OL., NO. 6, 4 Contant Switching Frequency Self-Ocillating Controlled Cla-D Amplifier K. Nguyen-Duy, A. Knott, M. A. E. Anderen
More informationExperiment 3 - Single-phase inverter 1
ELEC6.0 Objective he Univerity of New South Wale School of Electrical Engineering & elecommunication ELEC6 Experiment : Single-phae C-C Inverter hi experiment introduce you to a ingle-phae bridge inverter
More informationCommunication Systems, 5e
Communication Sytem, 5e Chapter 6: Sampling and pule modulation A. Bruce Carlon Paul B. Crilly 00 The McGraw-Hill Companie Chapter 6: Sampling and pule modulation Sampling theory and practice Pule-amplitude
More informationAN EVALUATION OF DIGILTAL ANTI-ALIASING FILTER FOR SPACE TELEMETRY SYSTEMS
AN EVALUATION OF DIGILTAL ANTI-ALIASING FILTER FOR SPACE TELEMETRY SYSTEMS Alion de Oliveira Morae (1), Joé Antonio Azevedo Duarte (1), Sergio Fugivara (1) (1) Comando-Geral de Tecnologia Aeroepacial,
More informationMM6 PID Controllers. Readings: Section 4.2 (the classical three-term controllers, p except subsection 4.2.5); Extra reading materials
MM6 PID Controller Reading: Section 4.2 the claical three-term controller, p.179-196 except ubection 4.2.5; Extra reading material 9/9/2011 Claical Control 1 What have we talked in MM5? Stability analyi
More informationM.Sc.(Eng) in building services MEBS Utilities services Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong
MEBS 6000 010 Utilitie ervice Induction Motor peed control Not long ago, induction machine were ued in application for which adjutable peed i not ruired. Before the power electronic era, and the pule width
More informationELG4139: Passive Filters
EG439: Paive Filter A ilter i a ytem that procee a ignal in ome deired ahion. There are two broad categorie o ilter: An analog ilter procee continuou-time ignal A digital ilter procee dicrete-time ignal.
More informationChapter 14 Waveforms PAGE 1
Chapter 4 Waveform Chapter 4 Waveform... 4. Introduction... 4. Waveform... 4.3 Tranient... 3 3.3. Firt Order Tranient... 3 4.3. RL Circuit... 5 4.3.3 RC Circuit... 6 4.4 LaPlace... 7 4.5 LaPlace Operational
More informationBasic Study of Radial Distributions of Electromagnetic Vibration and Noise in Three-Phase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor under Load Conditions
http://dx.doi.org/0.42/jicem.203.2.2.54 54 Journal of International Conference on Electrical Machine and Sytem Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 54 ~58, 203 Baic Study of Radial Ditribution of Electromagnetic Vibration
More informationIJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 3, Issue 11, 2016 ISSN (online):
IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Reearch & Development Vol. 3, Iue 11, 2016 ISSN (online): 2321-0613 Deign and Analyi of IIR Peak & Notch Ravi Choudhary 1 Pankaj Rai 2 1 M.Tech. Student 2 Aociate
More informationSINGLE-PHASE ACTIVE FILTER FOR HIGH ORDER HARMONICS COMPENSATION
.jee.ro SINGLE-PHASE ACTIVE FILTER FOR HIGH ORDER HARMONICS COMPENSATION Kyo-Beum Lee Diviion of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou Univerity San5, Woncheon-dong, Yeontong-gu, Suon 44-749, Korea
More informationControl of Electromechanical Systems using Sliding Mode Techniques
Proceeding of the 44th IEEE Conference on Deciion and Control, and the European Control Conference 25 Seville, Spain, December 2-5, 25 MoC7. Control of Electromechanical Sytem uing Sliding Mode Technique
More informationA Feasibility Study on Frequency Domain ADC for Impulse-UWB Receivers
A Feaibility Study on Frequency Domain ADC for Impule-UWB Receiver Rajeh hirugnanam and Dong Sam Ha VV (Virginia ech VLSI for elecommunication Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia
More informationREAL-TIME IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEURO-AVR FOR SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR. M. M. Salem** A. M. Zaki** O. P. Malik*
Copyright 2002 IFAC 5th Triennial World Congre, Barcelona, Spain REAL-TIME IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEURO- FOR SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR M. M. Salem** A. M. Zaki** O. P. Malik* *The Univerity of Calgary, Canada
More informationTime-Domain Coupling to a Device on Printed Circuit Board Inside a Cavity. Chatrpol Lertsirimit, David R. Jackson and Donald R.
Time-Domain Coupling to a Device on Printed Circuit Board Inide a Cavity Chatrpol Lertirimit, David R. Jackon and Donald R. Wilton Applied Electromagnetic Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering,
More informationDesign and Performance Comparison of PI and PID Controllers For Half Bridge DC-DC Converter
International Journal of Advanced Reearch in Electrical and Electronic Engineering Volume: 2 Iue: 1 08-Mar-2014,ISSN_NO: 2321-4775 Deign and Performance Comparion of PI and PID Controller For Half Bridge
More informationLCL Interface Filter Design for Shunt Active Power Filters
[Downloaded from www.aece.ro on Sunday, November 4, 00 at 8::03 (TC) by 79.7.55.48. Retriction apply.] Advance in Electrical and Computer Engineering Volume 0, Number 3, 00 LCL nterface Filter Deign for
More informationUNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN EE456: Digital Communications FINAL EXAM, 9:00AM 12:00PM, December 9, 2010 (open-book) Examiner: Ha H.
Name: Page 1 UNIVERSIY OF SASKACHEWAN EE456: Digital Communication FINAL EXAM, 9:00AM 1:00PM, December 9, 010 (open-book) Examiner: Ha H. Nguyen Permitted Material: Only textbook and calculator here are
More informationA Simple DSP Laboratory Project for Teaching Real-Time Signal Sampling Rate Conversions
A Simple DSP Laboratory Project for Teaching Real-Time Signal Sampling Rate Converion by Li Tan, Ph.D. lizhetan@pnc.edu Department of ECET Purdue Univerity North Central Wetville, Indiana Jean Jiang, Ph.D.
More informationMechatronics Laboratory Assignment 5 Motor Control and Straight-Line Robot Driving
Mechatronic Laboratory Aignment 5 Motor Control and Straight-Line Robot Driving Recommended Due Date: By your lab time the week of March 5 th Poible Point: If checked off before your lab time the week
More informationRaising Cavity Q for Microwave-Pulse Compression by Reducing Aperture Skin-Effect Losses
Circuit and Electromagnetic Sytem Deign Note Note 6 8 June 9 Raiing Cavity Q for Microwave-Pule Compreion by Reducing Aperture Skin-Effect Loe Carl E. Baum Univerity of New Meico Department of Electrical
More informationComparison Study in Various Controllers in Single-Phase Inverters
Proceeding of 2010 IEEE Student Conference on Reearch and Development (SCOReD 2010), 13-14 Dec 2010, Putrajaya, Malayia Comparion Study in ariou Controller in Single-Phae Inverter Shamul Aizam Zulkifli
More informationFormatting and Baseband. Formatting & Baseband. Page 1. Formatting and Baseband Modulation. CSE4214 Digital Communications
CSE4214 Digital Communication CSE4214 Digital Communication Chapter 2 Formatting Formatting and Baeband Modulation Formatting & Baeband Formatting and Baeband 3 4 Page 1 1 What i Formatting? Information
More informationControl Method for DC-DC Boost Converter Based on Inductor Current
From the electedwork of nnovative Reearch Publication RP ndia Winter November 1, 15 Control Method for C-C Boot Converter Baed on nductor Current an Bao Chau Available at: http://work.bepre.com/irpindia/46/
More informationThird-Order Voltage-Mode Quadratrue Oscillator Using DDCC and OTAs
20 nternational Conference on Circuit, Sytem and Simulation PCST vol.7 (20) (20) ACST Pre, Singapore Third-Order oltage-mode Quadratrue Ocillator Uing and Adiorn Kwawibam, Bancha Sreewirote 2 and Winai
More informationA Two-Stage Optimization PID Algorithm
PID' Brecia (Italy), March 8-3, ThB. A Two-Stage Optimization PID Algorithm Gíli Herjólfon Anna Soffía Haukdóttir Sven Þ. Sigurðon Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Univerity of Iceland
More informationSTRUCTURAL SEMI-ACTIVE CONTROL DEVICE
STRUCTURAL SEMI-ACTIVE CONTROL DEVICE Ming-Hiang SHIH SUMMARY Method for vibration reduction of tructure under dynamic excitation uch a wind and earthquake were generally claified into active control and
More informationTypical wireless DSP system. Lecture 2 Data Conversion. Typical hard disk DSP system. Typical PCM voiceband DSP system.
Lecture Data Converion Typical wirele DSP ytem Objective: Review ignal converion in context of DSP ytem Important iue relating to ignal converion including: Sampling and aliaing Signal to quantization
More informationThe Central Limit Theorem
Objective Ue the central limit theorem to olve problem involving ample mean for large ample. The Central Limit Theorem In addition to knowing how individual data value vary about the mean for a population,
More informationA COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR EVALUATING THE TEST ZONE PERFORMANCE OF ANECHOIC CHAMBERS DESIGNED FOR TESTING WIRELESS DEVICES
A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR EVALUATING THE TEST ZONE PERFORMANCE OF ANECHOIC CHAMBERS DESIGNED FOR TESTING WIRELESS DEVICES Jame D. Huff John C. Mantovani Carl W. Sirle The Howland Company, Inc. 4540 Atwater
More informationA Design of Sine-wave Oscillator Based on an Improved OP-amp Differentiator Zinan Zhou
6th International onference on Mechatronic Material Biotechnology and Environment (IMMBE 6) A Deign of Sine-wave Ocillator Baed on an Imroved OP-am Differentiator Zinan Zhou Deartment of Jiangu Union echnical
More informationObservations on Windows
Obervation on Window Window with low idelobe level have large tranition bandwidth'. Tranition bandwidth i inverely proportional to N for a given window. Indeed, the ratio of tranition width over idelobe
More informationISSN: ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
ISSN: 777 ISO 9: Certified Volume, Iue, April Deign of Coine Modulated Filter Bank uing Computationally Efficient Multiplierle FIR Filter Jyotna Ogale, Alok Jain Abtract Thi reearch work preent a computationally
More informationDesign Calculation and Performance Testing of Heating Coil in Induction Surface Hardening Machine
Vol:, No:6, 008 Deign Calculation and Performance Teting of Heating Coil in Induction Surface Hardening Machine Soe Sandar Aung, Han Phyo Wai, and Nyein Nyein Soe International Science Index, Energy and
More informationSimulation and Modeling of Fractional-N sigma delta PLL for Quantisation Noise Optimisation
Simulation and Modeling of Fractional-N igma delta PLL for Quantiation Noie Optimiation Appu Baby M.Tech, VLSI Deign and Embedded Sytem RV College of Engineering Bengaluru, India Dr. Kariyappa B. S. Profeor,
More information(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/ A1
(19) United State US 200903.22462A1 (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0322462 A1 Lindholm et al. (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 31, 2009 (54) FOIL WINDING PULSE TRANSFORMER (76) Inventor:
More informationDesign Calculation and Performance Testing of Heating Coil in Induction Surface Hardening Machine
Deign Calculation and Performance Teting of Heating Coil in Induction Surface Hardening Machine Soe Sandar Aung, Han Phyo Wai, and Nyein Nyein Soe Abtract The induction hardening machine are utilized in
More informationCONTROL OF COMBINED KY AND BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER WITH COUPLED INDUCTOR
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS) - Volume-1, Iue-7,October 015 COTROL OF COMBIED KY AD BUCK-BOOST COVERTER WITH COUPLED IDUCTOR OWFALA A 1, M AASHIF 1 MEA EGIEERIG
More informationDigital Control of Boost PFC AC-DC Converters with Predictive Control
Proceeding of the th International Middle Eat Power Sytem Conference (MEPCON ), Cairo Univerity, Egypt, December 9-,, Paper ID 7. Digital Control of Boot PFC AC-DC Converter with Predictive Control H.Z.Azazi
More informationSubcarrier exclusion techniques
Subcarrier excluion technique for coded OFDM ytem Kai-Uwe Schmidt, Jochen Ertel, Michael Benedix, and Adolf Finger Communication Laboratory, Dreden Univerity of Technology, 62 Dreden, Germany email: {chmidtk,
More informationChapter 5 CONTROL OF CASCADED-MULTILEVEL CONVERTER-BASED STATCOM. 5.1 Control Analysis and Design
Chapter 5 CONTROL OF CASCADED-MULTILEVEL CONVERTER-BASED STATCOM Thi chapter propoe a new control technique for the CMC-baed STATCOM. The propoed STATCOM model, which wa derived in Chapter 4, i employed
More informationEFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF A DC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM BASED ON VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTERS
EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF A DC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM BASED ON VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTERS Giddani O. A (), Grain. P. Adam (), O. Anaya-Lara (3), K.L.Lo () tjb83@eee.trath.ac.uk, () grain.adam@eee.trath.ac.uk,
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Technology 17 (2014 )
Available online at www.ciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Technology 17 (014 ) 791 798 Conference on Electronic, Telecommunication and Computer CETC 013 DC-DC buck converter with reduced impact Miguel
More informationIsolated Bidirectional DC-DC Power Supply for Charging and Discharging Battery
Iolated Bidirectional DC-DC Power Supply for Charging and Dicharging Battery Muhammed Shamveel T M Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Intitute of Science, Bangalore Bangalore 560012 Email: hamveel7@gmail.com
More informationDesign, Realization, and Analysis of PIFA for an RFID Mini-Reader
Deign, Realization, and Analyi of PIFA for an RFID Mini-Reader SUNG-FEI YANG ; TROY-CHI CHIU ; CHIN-CHUNG NIEN Indutrial Technology Reearch Intitute (ITRI) Rm. 5, Bldg. 5, 95, Sec., Chung Hing Rd., Chutung,
More informationSimulation of Six Phase Split Winding Induction Machine Using the Matlab/Simulink Environment
Simulation of Six Phae Split Winding nduction Machine Uing the Matlab/Simulink Environment Ogunjuyigbe A.S.O, Nnachi A.F, Jimoh A.A member EEE and Nicolae D. member EEE Electrical Engineering Department,
More informationNEW BACK-TO-BACK CURRENT SOURCE CONVERTER WITH SOFT START-UP AND SHUTDOWN CAPABILITIES
NEW BACK-TO-BACK CURRENT SOURCE CONVERTER WITH SOFT START-UP AND SHUTDOWN CAPABILITIES I. Abdelalam, G.P. Adam, D. Holliday and B.W. William Univerity of Strathclyde, Glagow, UK Ibrahim.abdallah@trath.ac.uk
More informationDigitally Programmable Voltage Mode Quadrature Oscillator Using Current Conveyors
International Journal of Engineering eearch and Development e-iss: 78-67X, p-iss : 78-8X, www.ijerd.com Volume, Iue 8 (January 3), PP. -6 Digitally Programmable Voltage Mode Quadrature Ocillator Uing urrent
More informationTopology in Circuit Analysis
Topology in Circuit Analyi Many dierent circuit actually operate the ame Can reduce a circuit to a "graph" Graph only how the branche, not the device Two Circuit are aid to have the ame topology When the
More informationParallel DCMs APPLICATION NOTE AN:030. Introduction. Sample Circuit
APPLICATION NOTE AN:030 Parallel DCM Ugo Ghila Application Engineering Content Page Introduction 1 Sample Circuit 1 Output Voltage Regulation 2 Load Sharing 4 Startup 5 Special Application: Optimizing
More informationMEMS-FABRICATED GYROSCOPES WITH FEEDBACK COMPENSATION
MEMS-FABRICATED GYROSCOPES WITH FEEDBACK COMPENSATION Yonghwa Park*, Sangjun Park*, Byung-doo choi*, Hyoungho Ko*, Taeyong Song*, Geunwon Lim*, Kwangho Yoo*, **, Sangmin Lee*, Sang Chul Lee*, **, Ahra
More informationImproved Selective Harmonic Elimination for Reducing Torque Harmonics of Induction Motors in Wide DC Bus Voltage Variations
Improved Selective Harmonic Elimination for Reducing Torque Harmonic of Induction Motor in Wide DC Bu Voltage Variation Hoein Valiyan Holagh, Tooraj Abbaian Najafabadi School of Electrical and Computer
More informationDSP-Based Control of Boost PFC AC-DC Converters Using Predictive Control
DSP-Baed Control of Boot PFC AC-DC Converter Uing Predictive Control H.Z.Azazi*, E. E. E-Kholy**, S.A.Mahmoud* and S.S.Shokralla* * Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufiya
More informationMODAL ANALYSIS OF A BEAM WITH CLOSELY SPACED MODE SHAPES
ME 164 Senior Captone Deign The Cooper Union Spring 2011 MODAL ANALYSIS O A BEAM WITH CLOSELY SPACED MODE SHAPES Eglind Myftiu The Cooper Union New York City, NY, USA ABSTRACT Thi paper invetigate the
More informationFast Thermal Cycling Stress and Degradation in Multilayer Interconnects
Fat Thermal Cycling Stre and Degradation in Multilayer Interconnect H.V. Nguyen 1, C. Salm 1, J. Vroemen 2, J. Voet 2, B. Krabbenborg 2 J. Bichop 2, A. J. Mouthaan 1 and F. G. Kuper 1,2 1 Univerity of
More informationDesign of buck-type current source inverter fed brushless DC motor drive and its application to position sensorless control with square-wave current
Publihed in IET Electric Power Application Received on 4th January 2013 Revied on 17th February 2013 Accepted on 4th March 2013 ISSN 1751-8660 Deign of buck-type current ource inverter fed bruhle DC motor
More informationDesign of a digitally-controlled LLC resonant converter
2011 International Conference on Information and Electronic Engineering IPCSIT vol.6 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Pre, Singapore Deign of a digitally-controlled LLC reonant converter Jia-Wei huang 1, Shun-Chung
More informationDESIGN OF SECOND ORDER SIGMA-DELTA MODULATOR FOR AUDIO APPLICATIONS
DESIGN OF SECOND ORDER SIGMA-DELTA MODULATOR FOR AUDIO APPLICATIONS 1 DHANABAL R, 2 BHARATHI V, 3 NAAMATHEERTHAM R SAMHITHA, 4 G.SRI CHANDRAKIRAN, 5 SAI PRAMOD KOLLI 1 Aitant Profeor (Senior Grade), VLSI
More informationLecture 2 Basics of Sensing: Sensor Characteristics. ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design
ECE 5900/6900: Fundamental of enor Deign 1 Lecture Baic of ening: enor Characteritic enor ytem Example Glucometer: Glucoe Meter (monitor blood ugar level for diabetic patient) Tiny blood drop Tet trip
More informationECE451/551 Matlab and Simulink Controller Design Project
ECE451/551 Matlab and Simulink Controller Deign Project Aim: Ue Matlab and Simulink to build and imulate variou control configuration a dicued in the Modern Control ection (chapter 18-23) in the intructor
More informationInstantaneous Cycle-Slip Detection and Repair of GPS Data Based on Doppler Measurement
Intantaneou Cycle-Slip Detection and Repair of GPS Data Baed on Doppler Meaurement Zhoufeng Ren, Liyan Li, Jie Zhong, and Minjian Zhao Abtract In GPS receiver, carrier phae meaurement can be ued to improve
More informationPhase Angle Balance Control for Harmonic Filtering of A Three Phase Shunt Active Filter System
Phae Angle Balance Control for Harmonic Filtering of A Three Phae Shunt Active Filter Sytem Souvik Chattopadhyay, V. Ramanarayanan Power Electronic Group Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Intitute
More informationDigital controller design based on APF s vector resonance control Gui Hongming1,a, Du Xiaoran1,a, Xi Ziqiang2,a
6th International Conference on Mechatronic, Material, Biotechnology and Environment (ICMMBE 06) Digital controller deign baed on APF vector reonance control Gui Hongming,a, Du Xiaoran,a, Xi Ziqiang,a
More informationAdaptive Space/Frequency Processing for Distributed Aperture Radars
Adaptive Space/Frequency Proceing for Ditributed Aperture Radar Raviraj Adve a, Richard Schneible b, Robert McMillan c a Univerity of Toronto Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 10 King College
More informationTransformer. 1.2 Applications of Transformer. Why do we need transformer? 1.2 Applications of Transformer. Why do we need transformer?
. ntroduction to Tranformer. DKT 3 CHAPTER Tranformer By Roemizi Abd Rahim Tranformer i a device that change ac electrical ower at one voltage level to ac electric ower at another voltage level through
More informationFamily Edition. Components. Substitute Markers
Family Edition Component 2 Game Board Extenion (with additional pace on both ide) Round Counter Rooter 5 Begging Marker Game Board (with action pace) 37 Food Marker 7 5 Food Marker 4 Starting Houe 2 Wood/Clay
More informationThe industry s Lowest Noise 10 V/G Seismic IEPE Accelerometer
The indutry Lowet Noie 10 V/G Seimic IEPE Accelerometer Felix A. Levinzon Endevco/Meggitt Corp. 30700 Rancho Viejo Road San Juan Capitrano, CA 9675 Robert D. Drullinger Lambda Tech LLC 998 Saratoga CT,
More informationELEC353 Practice Problem Set #6
EEC353 Practice Problem Set #6. The value of load impedance mut be found by meaurement, at 200 MHz. An engineer meaure the tanding-wave pattern a hown in the figure above. The figure how the amplitude
More informationAdaptive Groundroll filtering
Adaptive Groundroll filtering David Le Meur (CGGVerita), Nigel Benjamin (CGGVerita), Rupert Cole (Petroleum Development Oman) and Mohammed Al Harthy (Petroleum Development Oman) SUMMARY The attenuation
More informationSloppy Addition and Multiplication
Sloppy Addition and Multiplication IMM-Technical Report-2011-14 Alberto Nannarelli Dept. Informatic and Mathematical Modelling Technical Univerity of Denmark Kongen Lyngby, Denmark Email: an@imm.dtu.dk
More information