Study on the Evaluate Methods of Head and Hand Influence on Mobile Antenna Radiation Performance
|
|
- Mitchell Derick Grant
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 212 7th International ICST Conference on Communications and Networking in China (CHINACOM) Study on the Evaluate Methods of Head and Hand Influence on Mobile Antenna Radiation Performance Xinzhong Li, Jun Yang, Bin Fan, Jianquan Wang Department of wireless research China Unicom Research Institute Beijing, China Abstract The radiation performance of the terminal antennas is influenced by the head and hand of the person who is holding the device. At the antenna design phase, the performance reduction should be considered sufficiently in order to make sure the Total Radiated Power (TRP) and Total Radiated Sensitivity (TRS) of the terminal satisfy the requirement of the system. In this paper, an evaluate method of head and hand influence to the radiation performance of is illustrated, through which tolerance of the terminal antenna TRP/TRS decrease could be evaluated conveniently and efficiently. Keywords-Antenna radiation; TRP/TRS; SAR; Head and hand; CST I. INTRODUCTION Terminal design has changed significantly over the past few years, which results in increasingly elegant and user friendly devices. However, antennas, which were external in many cases, have now been moved inside the terminal body and have evolved to be light-weight and low-volume, making use of the device enclosure where possible. As a consequence, the radio performance of the antenna systems suffers and makes devices more sensitive to the position of user hand holding the terminal. Currently, the design of the new terminal devices is mainly focus on the external appearance, which may induce high effect on the performance of the radio technologies. Figure 1. 3G cells shrinking due to terminal performance According to evaluation results of the 3G networks, the impact of one low performance terminal is equivalent to shrinking the 3G cell cover by up to 2%, as shown in Figure 1. The consequential impacts of this includes inconvenience to customers.3g devices fall back to 2G, resulting in additional 2G traffic and degradation of customer experience. Additionally, the 3G to 2G handover may cause call dropping. It costs high levels of network OPEX/CAPEX. II. TRP/TRS REQUIREMENTS FOR TERMINAL ANTENNAS Total Radiated Power (TRP) is one of the measurements of how much power the device actually radiates. TRP is defined as the integral of the power transmitted at different directions over the entire radiation sphere. 1 TRP = ( EIRPq(; W f ) + EIRPf (; Wf ) 4 ) dw pò where W is the solid angle describing the direction; f is frequency; q and f denotes the two orthogonal polarizations; EIRP q and EIRP f are the actually transmitted power on the corresponding polarizations. Total Radiated Sensitivity (TRS) is one of the measurements of the receiver performance of the devices. This measurement records reduction of the base station transmitted signal at the point that BER equals to 2.44%. It can be formulated as: 4p TRS = é 1 1 ù ò + dw êeisq(; Wf ) EISf (; Wf ) ú ë û where effective isotropic sensitivity (EIS) is defined as the power available at the antenna output such as the sensitivity threshold is achieved for each polarization;wis the solid angle describing the direction; f is frequency;q and f are the two orthogonal polarizations. Requirements are defined for roaming bands for both speech position (beside the head) and data transfer position (free space). Requirements for free space are applicable to devices used in the data transfer position, including laptop mounted equipment (LME) plug-in UEs and laptop embedded equipment (LEE) UEs. All bands are potential roaming bands, and the requirements for roaming bands shall therefore be fulfilled for all bands supported by a UE/MS. Requirements for operating bands depend on the deployment and configuration of the network. Recommended performance values for operating bands are included in this (1) (2) /12/$ IEEE
2 specification for information. It should be noted that the ability to meet the recommended performance values depends on the number of frequency bands supported by the UE/MS. The minimum TRP performance requirements for FDD roaming bands are shown in Table I. TABLE I. TRP MINIMUM PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT FOR FDD ROAMING BANDS IN THE SPEECH POSITION AND THE PRIMARY MECHANICAL MODE Operati Power Class Power Class Power Class 4 ng band 3 Power (dbm) 3bis Power (dbm) Power (dbm) Aver Min Aver Min Aver Min I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX NOTE: applicable for dual-mode GSM/UMTS. For terminal with GSMK modulation in the speech position and the primary mechanical mode, the minimum TRP performance requirements are shown in Table II. TABLE II. TRP MINIMUM PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT FOR GSM ROAMING BANDS IN THE SPEECH POSITION AND THE PRIMARY MECHANICAL MODE Operating Power Class 1 Power Class 4 band Power (dbm) Power (dbm) Aver Min Aver Min GSM GSM DCS PCS NOTE: applicable for dual-mode GSM/UMTS. The minimum TRS performance requirements for FDD roaming bands are shown in Table III. [The values in the tables are Î or with no interference.] TABLE III. TRS MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR FDD ROAMING BANDS IN THE SPEECH POSITION FOR THE PRIMARY MECHANICAL MODE Operating Band Unit <REFÎ or> Aver Max I dbm/3.84 MHz II dbm/3.84 MHz III dbm/3.84 MHz IV dbm/3.84 MHz V dbm/3.84 MHz VI dbm/3.84 MHz VII dbm/3.84 MHz VIII dbm/3.84 MHz IX dbm/3.84 MHz NOTE 1 For Power Class 3, 3bis and 4 this shall be achieved at the maximum output power. NOTE 2 For the UE which supports both Band III and Band IX operating frequencies, the reference level of TDB dbm TRS <REFÎor> [aver and min] shall apply for Band IX. NOTE3 Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UMTS. NOTE 4 For the UE which supports DB-DC-HSDPA configuration 2, aver <REFÎor> level of -98 dbm/3.84 MHz and max <REFÎor> level of -95 dbm/3.84 MHz shall apply for Band II. NOTE 5 For the UE which supports DB-DC-HSDPA configuration 2, aver <REFÎor> level of -1 dbm/3.84 MHz and max <REFÎor> level of -97 dbm/3.84 MHz shall apply for Band IV. The sensitivity oftransmission radiationin the primary mechanical mode for TCH/FS at 2% class II (RBER). TABLE IV. TRS MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR FDD ROAMING BANDS IN THE SPEECH POSITION FOR THE PRIMARY MECHANICAL MODE Operating Band Unit <REFÎ or> Aver Max GSM 85 dbm GSM 9 dbm DCS 18 dbm PCS 19 dbm NOTE 1:For Power Class 1 and 4 this shall beachieved at the maximum output power. NOTE2:Applicable for dual-mode GSM/UMTS. III. ANALYSIS OF HEAD AND HAND INFLUENCE ON ANTENNA RADIATION PERFORMANCE The antenna radiation has two fields, i.e. near-field and farfield. Near-field is more sensitive than far-field. When terminal is working, head and hand which is close to antenna near-field have influence on the antenna performance. Research results of the influence could be used to guide the optimization of the terminal performance and antenna design to reduce the sensitivity to work conditions and the radiation which may do harm to humans. 685
3 mm 2mm mm 2mm (a) f plane, q = 9 o mm 2mm (c) q plane, f = o ( point to head) Figure 2. The relationship between unipole antenna pattern and the antenna distance to head model (without hand, antenna is set in the surface of a metal box with insulated cover) at 915MHz without hand with hand with hand and choke (b) q plane, f = 18 o (not point to head) Figure 3. The unipole antenna patterns for the case that antenna 2cm away from head model ( without hand,with hand and with hand & choke, antenna is set in the surface of a metal box with insulated cover) at 915MHz According to the research results, the antenna radiation performance is related to the antenna distance to head and hand. Figure 2 gives the antenna working condition and the related simulation results. From q plane, it can be observed that when antenna is close to head, gain decreases and sidelobe increases. Additionally, evaluation results of the influence of hand are given in Figure 3. Hand holding the mobile phone shell has huge influence on transmission impedance performance. Figure 4 gives S 11 with/without hand and the relationship between S 11 and the distance of PIFA antenna to hand (d). These results show that hand has influence on S 11, the distance between PIFA antenna and the reflection coefficient. Specifically, it could cause resonant frequency 686
4 migration and antenna detuning. From Figure 5, it can be seen that hand has different influence on side-set PIFA antenna and top-set PIFA antenna. Actually, for side-set PIFA antenna, 2.62 cm distance to hand could cause detuning. For top-set PIFA antenna,.66 cm distance to head could cause detuning. In [4] and [5], it gives the other results about head and hand influence on antenna radiation performance. IS11I/dB -1-2 FDTD-without hand FDTD-d=7.21cm FDTD-d=6.56cm FDTD-d=2.62cm Test Results-without hand Test Results-d=6.56cm Frequency / GHz S Figure 4. The 11 calculation results of side-set PIFA antenna in mobile phone at 3 different distance to hand and without hand IS11I/dB S Frequency / GHz without cover & without hand with cover & without hand with hand d=7.21cm with hand d=3.93cm with hand d=2.62cm with hand d=.66cm Figure 5. The 11 calculation results of top-set PIFA antenna in mobile phone at 4 different distance to hand, without insulated cover, with insulated cover and with hand & insulated cover As illustrated above, head and hand closed to terminal have influence on antenna radiation performance. At the beginning of antenna design, working environments, frequency and distance to head and hand should be considered, and the performance allowance should be reversed to make sure terminal antenna TRP/TRS meet system requirements. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the tolerance of the antenna TRP/TRS decline in speech position with head and hand in a convenient and efficient way. IV. EVALUATION ON TRP/TRS DECLINE TOLERANCE BY SIMULATING SAR IN CST MWS A. SAR definition Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is one measurement of the electromagnetic energy absorbed by biological tissue mass when exposed to radiating device (e.g. mobile phone). 2 2 P s E J SAR = = = r 2r 2rs where P is power loss density, E is electric field strength, J is current density, s is conductivity and r is density. Obviously, SAR is determined by power loss density. Power loss means antenna transmission power and receiving sensitivity decline. Then, we can evaluate the tolerant of the antenna TRP/TRS decrease in speak position by getting power loss caused by head and hand. B. Power loss simulation results Several guidelines and standards specify the limitation on SAR safety (i.e. ICNIRP, IEEE, Cenelec). Standards as IEEE 1528have defined the measurement methods for practical assessment of compliance. The SAR averaging scheme for simulation is specified in IEEE C95.3 Annex E. CST MICROWAVE STUDIO has already been approved by the FCC (USA) to comply with standard drafts. CST MWS has several advants for SAR simulation: a) Direct CAD import from various formats, intuitiveparameterization of imported data, automatichealing if required. b) Excellent geometry approximation due to PBA and TST and NO staircase representation used. c) Sub-gridding available for high detail level. d) Broadband material definition: Multiple frequencies can beevaluated in one simulation run. e) Full control of the reference power (input or accepted power). By CST MWS, the parameters, such as return loss, near fields, far-fields, power loss and SAR distribution of the antenna, can be easily obtained for all required frequencies in one simulation run. According to the hand and head Phantom specified in IEEE 1528 and IEE C95.3,we could simulate the power loss of terminal antenna in all required frequencies. Direct step CAD import of a mobile phone and set SAM and hand model. A power-loss monitor needs to be defined at the frequencies of interest. Simulation with head and Hand model can be completed in 2 hours on 2 GHz processor. All required frequencies, antenna far-fields and power loss can be obtained in one simulation run. The simulation model and results are shown in Fig.6-Fig.8. (3) 687
5 Figure 6. Simulation model-cad import of a mobile phone Figure 7. Simulation results-antenna E field and far-field at 18MHz Power Loss 5 4 According to the simulation results, it is obvious that the antenna power loss values are different on different frequency. For 9MHz case, the antenna power loss is about 2.8dB. For 18MHz case, the loss value is about 3.7dB. For 21MHz case, it is about 2.7dB. In sum, we can obtain the suggested values of TRS & TRP based on 3GPP TS , which gives the TRP&TRS recommended performance for GSM and WCDMA in free space. C. TRP/TRS test results of Smartphone devices In order to inspect whether TRP/TRS of the smart phone antennas meet the minimum requirements in speak position with head and hand, GSMA TSG work group have tested a number of handsets to evaluate the antenna performance. As shown by these results, handsets could meet TRP/TRS requirements (red lines mark) in free space, but TRP/TRS declines greatly due to the influence of head and hand. It is proved that head and hand closed to terminal depresses the antenna radiation performance. Only few of handsets TRP/TRS meet the minimum requirements, and TRP/TRS decline is over tolerance (black lines mark). It shows that the influence of head and hand on antenna radiation performance had not been considered sufficiently at the beginning of most handset antenna design. V. CONCLUSION Terminal antenna radiation performance is influenced by head and hand in speak position. At the beginning of antenna design, the performance decline should be considered sufficiently in order to make sure terminal antenna TRP/TRS meet the system requirements. An evaluate method of head and hand influence on antenna radiation performance is given in this paper, through which terminal antenna TRP/TRS decline tolerance could be evaluated conveniently and efficiently. Power Loss (db) Frequency (MHz) Figure 8. Simulation results-antenna power loss REFERENCES [1] 3GPP TS V11..:, User Equipment (UE) and Mobile Station (MS) over the air performance requirements(release 11), (211-12). [2] 3GPP TS , V1.1.1: User Equipment (UE) / Mobile Station (MS) Over The Air (OTA) antenna performance;conformance testing(release 1), (211-12). [3] 3GPP TS 36.11, V1.3.: Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (Release 1),(211-6). [4] K.W.Kim and Y.Rahmat-Samii, Hantset antennas and humans at Kaband: the importance of directional antennas, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.46, no.6, pp , Jun [5] H.Arai, N.Igi, and H.Hanaoka, Antenna-gain measurement og handheld terminals at 9MHz, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 46, no.3, pp , Aug
ETSI TS V8.1.0 ( ) Technical Specification
TS 125 144 V8.1.0 (2009-03) Technical Specification Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); User Equipment (UE) and Mobile Station (MS) over the air performance requirements (3GPP TS 25.144
More informationStudy on LTE MIMO Schemes for Indoor Scenarios
2012 7th International ICST Conference on Communications and Networking in China (CHINACOM) Study on LTE MIMO Schemes for Indoor Scenarios Zhaobiao Lv 1, Jianquan Wang 1, Changling Wang 2, Qingyu Cai 2,
More informationProduct Compliance Assessments of Low Power Radio Base Stations with Respect to Whole-Body Radiofrequency Exposure Limits
Product Compliance Assessments of Low Power Radio Base Stations with Respect to Whole-Body Radiofrequency Exposure Limits Björn Thors, Lovisa Nord, Davide Colombi, and Christer Törnevik 1 Ericsson Research,
More informationREDUCTION OF PEAK SAR IN HUMAN HEAD FOR HANDSET APPLICATIONS WITH RESISTIVE SHEETS (R-CARDS)
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 94, 281 296, 2009 REDUCTION OF PEAK SAR IN HUMAN HEAD FOR HANDSET APPLICATIONS WITH RESISTIVE SHEETS (R-CARDS) H.-H. Chou Communication Research Center Yuan
More informationMultiband Compact Low SAR Mobile Hand Held Antenna
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 49, 65 71, 2014 Multiband Compact Low SAR Mobile Hand Held Antenna Haythem H. Abdullah * and Kamel S. Sultan Abstract With the vast emergence of new
More information3GPP TR V ( )
TR 37.902 V11.0.1 (2012-12) Technical Report 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Measurements of User Equipment (UE) radio performances for LTE/UMTS
More information3GPP TR V ( )
TR 37.902 V13.0.0 (2016-01) Technical Report 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Measurements of User Equipment (UE) radio performances for LTE/UMTS
More informationSAR REDUCTION IN SLOTTED PIFA FOR MOBILE HANDSETS USING RF SHIELD
SAR REDUCTION IN SLOTTED PIFA FOR MOBILE HANDSETS USING RF SHIELD T. Anita Jones Mary 1 and C. S. Ravichandran 2 1 Department of Electronics and Communication, Karunya University, Coimbatore, India 2 SSK
More informationAnalysis of RF requirements for Active Antenna System
212 7th International ICST Conference on Communications and Networking in China (CHINACOM) Analysis of RF requirements for Active Antenna System Rong Zhou Department of Wireless Research Huawei Technology
More informationETSI TR V ( )
TR 137 902 V11.0.1 (2013-01) Technical Report Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Measurements of UE radio performances for LTE/UMTS terminals - TRP and TRS test methodology (3GPP TR
More informationEffects of Mobile Phone Radiation onto Human Head with Variation of Holding Cheek and Tilt Positions
Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation onto Human Head with Variation of Holding Cheek and Tilt Positions M. R. Iqbal-Faruque* 1, N. Aisyah-Husni 2, Md. Ikbal-Hossain 1, M. Tariqul-Islam 2 and N. Misran 2 1
More informationPlanar inverted-f antennas loaded with very high permittivity ceramics
RADIO SCIENCE, VOL. 39,, doi:10.1029/2003rs002939, 2004 Planar inverted-f antennas loaded with very high permittivity ceramics Y. Hwang Pinnacle EMwave, Los Altos Hills, California, USA Y. P. Zhang Department
More informationDesign and Analysis of Planar Inverted-F Antenna for Wireless Applications
IJIRST International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology Volume 1 Issue 8 January 2015 ISSN (online): 2349-6010 Design and Analysis of Planar Inverted-F Antenna for Wireless Applications
More informationPractical Considerations for Radiated Immunities Measurement using ETS-Lindgren EMC Probes
Practical Considerations for Radiated Immunities Measurement using ETS-Lindgren EMC Probes Detectors/Modulated Field ETS-Lindgren EMC probes (HI-6022/6122, HI-6005/6105, and HI-6053/6153) use diode detectors
More informationNo. I18Z60328-SEM01 Page 43 of Simultaneous TX SAR Considerations Introduction Transmit Antenna Separation Distances
Page 43 of 208 12 Simultaneous TX SAR Considerations 12.1 Introduction The following procedures adopted from FCC SAR Considerations for Cell Phones with Multiple Transmitters are applicable to handsets
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY, VOL.11, NO.6, NOVEMBER 2016
391 Calculating the SAR Distribution in Two Human Head Models Exposed to Printed Antenna with Coupling Feed for GSM/UMTS/LTE/WLAN Operation in the Mobile Phone Lakbir Belrhiti 1 *, Fatima Riouch 1, Abdelwahed
More informationPerformance Analysis of Different Ultra Wideband Planar Monopole Antennas as EMI sensors
International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering. ISSN 09742166 Volume 5, Number 4 (2012), pp. 435445 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Performance Analysis
More informationMobile/Tablet Antenna Design and Analysis
Chapter 4 Mobile/Tablet Antenna Design and Analysis Antenna design for Mobile Application is an important research topic nowadays. Main reason for this being difficult but attractive is the increased number
More information5G Antenna Design for Mobile Phones
3DS.COM Dassault Systèmes 11/30/2018 ref.: 3DS_Document_2015 5G Antenna Design for Mobile Phones 29 November 2018, 17h00 CET Marc Rütschlin marc.ruetschlin@3ds.com Rodrigo Enjiu, Brian Woods, Marcel Plonka,
More informationCOMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION
L 307/84 Official Journal of the European Union 7.11.2012 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 5 November 2012 on the harmonisation of the frequency bands 1 920-1 980 MHz and 2 110-2 170 MHz for terrestrial
More informationCHAPTER - 6 PIN DIODE CONTROL CIRCUITS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS
CHAPTER - 6 PIN DIODE CONTROL CIRCUITS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS 2 NOTES 3 INTRODUCTION PIN DIODE CONTROL CIRCUITS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS Chapter 6 discusses PIN Control Circuits
More informationTHE EFFECT OF RANGE LENGTH ON THE MEASUREMENT OF TRP
THE EFFECT OF RANGE LENGTH ON THE MEASUREMENT OF James D. Huff Carl W. Sirles The Howland Company, Inc. 4540 Atwater Court, Suite 107 Buford, Georgia 30518 Abstract Total Radiated Power () and Total Isotropic
More informationA CPW-fed Microstrip Fork-shaped Antenna with Dual-band Circular Polarization
Machine Copy for Proofreading, Vol. x, y z, 2016 A CPW-fed Microstrip Fork-shaped Antenna with Dual-band Circular Polarization Chien-Jen Wang and Yu-Wei Cheng * Abstract This paper presents a microstrip
More informationAPPLICATION NOTE FOR PA.700A ANTENNA INTEGRATION
APPLICATION NOTE FOR PA.700A ANTENNA INTEGRATION VERSION A Your Global Source for RF, Wireless & Energy Technologies www.richardsonrfpd.com 800.737.6937 630.208.2700 APN-11-8-001/A 14-July-11 Page 1 of
More informationAntenna design report for a smart watch
Antenna design report for a smart watch Krishna Prasad Rao ( krisrao@amazon.com ) S I. INTRODUCTION mart Watches popular in the market usually have, long battery life of up to 3 weeks (10 days in GPS mode),
More informationMulti-Band Microstrip Antenna Design for Wireless Energy Harvesting
Shuvo MAK et al. American Journal of Energy and Environment 2018, 3:1-5 Page 1 of 5 Research Article American Journal of Energy and Environment http://www.ivyunion.org/index.php/energy Multi-Band Microstrip
More informationDesign of Miniaturized Printed Antenna for Mobile Phones
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-issn: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 11, Issue 4, Ver. IV (Jul.-Aug.2016), PP 23-27 www.iosrjournals.org Design of Miniaturized
More informationAKKREDITOITU TESTAUSLABORATORIO ACCREDITED TESTING LABORATORY VERKOTAN OY VERKOTAN LTD.
T287/M04/2018 Liite 1 / Appendix 1 Sivu / Page 1(6) AKKREDITOITU TESTAUSLABORATORIO ACCREDITED TESTING LABORATORY VERKOTAN OY VERKOTAN LTD. Tunnus Code Laboratorio Laboratory Osoite Address www www T287
More informationUsing pre-approved modules
Using pre-approved modules Stuart Beck, Director of Certification, Nemko North America June 2018 1 Overview What is a module? Selection considerations Case studies Resources 2 What is a module? A radio
More informationFar-Field Effects with Human Head Evaluation of EM Emission
Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS Int. Conf. on Applied Electromagnetics, Wireless and Optical Communications, Corfu, Greece, August 3, 5 (pp471) Far-Field Effects with Human Head Evaluation of Emission SHENG-YI
More informationMethod Analysis For The Measurement Of Electromagnetic Field From LTE Base Stations
Method Analysis For The Measurement Of Electromagnetic Field From LTE Base Stations Fahad Faisal Abstract: This paper is focused to analyze the proposed methods for in-situ measurements of electromagnetic
More information3. LITERATURE REVIEW. 3.1 The Planar Inverted-F Antenna.
3. LITERATURE REVIEW The commercial need for low cost and low profile antennas for mobile phones has drawn the interest of many researchers. While wire antennas, like the small helix and quarter-wavelength
More informationResearch on Asymmetric Characteristics of Mobile Communications System Based on Electromagnetic Radiation
PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 3, NO. 8, 2007 1298 Research on Asymmetric Characteristics of Mobile Communications System Based on Electromagnetic Radiation Weidong Wang, Yinghai Zhang, Kaijie Zhou, and Heng Zhang
More informationUser Hand Influence on Properties of a Dual-Band PIFA Antenna
RADIOENGINEERING, VOL. 23, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER 2014 819 User Hand Influence on Properties of a Dual-Band PIFA Antenna Radek VEHOVSKÝ 1, Michal POKORNÝ 1, Kamil PÍTRA 2 1 Dept. of Radio Electronics, Brno University
More informationETSI TS V ( )
TS 134 114 V10.3.0 (2012-07) Technical Specification Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; User Equipment (UE) / Mobile Station
More informationSTACKED PATCH MIMO ANTENNA ARRAY FOR C-BAND APPLICATIONS
STACKED PATCH MIMO ANTENNA ARRAY FOR C-BAND APPLICATIONS Ayushi Agarwal Sheifali Gupta Amanpreet Kaur ECE Department ECE Department ECE Department Thapar University Patiala Thapar University Patiala Thapar
More informationHealth Issues. Introduction. Ionizing vs. Non-Ionizing Radiation. Health Issues 18.1
Health Issues 18.1 Health Issues Introduction Let s face it - radio waves are mysterious things. Especially when referred to as electromagnetic radiation the concept makes many people nervous. In this
More informationQUAD-BAND MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR MOBILE HANDSETS
1 th February 214. Vol. 6 No.1 25-214 JATIT & LLS. All rights reserved. QUAD-BAND MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR MOBILE HANDSETS 1 ASEM S. AL-ZOUBI, 2 MOHAMED A. MOHARRAM 1 Asstt Prof., Department of Telecommunications
More informationSAR Analysis in a Spherical Inhomogeneous Human Head Model Exposed to Radiating Dipole Antenna for 500 MHz 3 GHz Using FDTD method
35 SAR Analysis in a Spherical Inhomogeneous Human Head Model Exposed to Radiating Dipole Antenna for 500 MHz 3 GHz Using FDTD method Md. Faruk Ali 1 Department of Instrumentation Technology, Nazrul Centenary
More informationAve output power ANT 1(dBm) Ave output power ANT 2 (dbm)
Page 41 of 103 9.6. Test Result The test was performed with 802.11b Channel Frequency (MHz) power ANT 1(dBm) power ANT 2 (dbm) power ANT 1(mW) power ANT 2 (mw) Limits dbm / W Low 2412 7.20 7.37 5.248 5.458
More informationHuman Exposure Requirements for R&TTE and FCC Approval
Human Exposure Requirements for R&TTE and FCC Approval Derek Y. W. LEUNG Founding and Committee Member of EMC Chapter- IEEE-HK Requirements of Non-Specific Short Range Device (SRD) for CE Marking Radio
More informationPenta-Band Dielectric Loaded Folded Loop Antenna for Mobile Handset
IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719 Vol. 04, Issue 05 (May. 2014), V6 PP 10-16 www.iosrjen.org Penta-Band Dielectric Loaded Folded Loop Antenna for Mobile Handset
More informationRadio Frequency Exposure Test Report
Radio Frequency Exposure EN 62311 January 2008 Assessment of electronic and electrical equipment related to human exposure restrictions for electromagnetic fields (0Hz 300GHz) (IEC 62311:2007, modified)
More informationDESIGN OF PLANAR COUPLED-FED MONOPOLE ANTENNA FOR EIGHT-BAND LTE/WWAN MOBILE HANDSET APPLICATION
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 33, 185 198, 2012 DESIGN OF PLANAR COUPLED-FED MONOPOLE ANTENNA FOR EIGHT-BAND LTE/WWAN MOBILE HANDSET APPLICATION C.-H. Ku 1, H.-W. Liu 2, *, and Y.-X. Ding
More informationBROADBAND AND HIGH-GAIN PLANAR VIVALDI AN- TENNAS BASED ON INHOMOGENEOUS ANISOTROPIC ZERO-INDEX METAMATERIALS
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 120, 235 247, 2011 BROADBAND AND HIGH-GAIN PLANAR VIVALDI AN- TENNAS BASED ON INHOMOGENEOUS ANISOTROPIC ZERO-INDEX METAMATERIALS B. Zhou, H. Li, X. Y. Zou, and
More informationAkshit Tyagi, Rashmi Giri, Rhythm Kaushik, Shivam Saxena, Faisal Student of ECE department, MEERUT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Meerut.
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 4, April-2014 399 A Novel Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Application Akshit Tyagi, Rashmi Giri, Rhythm Kaushik,
More informationTHE PROBLEM of electromagnetic interference between
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOL. 50, NO. 2, MAY 2008 399 Estimation of Current Distribution on Multilayer Printed Circuit Board by Near-Field Measurement Qiang Chen, Member, IEEE,
More information5G deployment below 6 GHz
5G deployment below 6 GHz Ubiquitous coverage for critical communication and massive IoT White Paper There has been much attention on the ability of new 5G radio to make use of high frequency spectrum,
More informationA Novel Quad-band Printed Antenna Design using a Multi-Slotted Patch for Cellular Communication
A Novel Quad-band Printed Antenna Design using a Multi-Slotted Patch for Cellular Communication P. Misra Eastern Academy of Sc & Tech BBSR INDIA A. Tripathy Eastern Academy of Sc & Tech BBSR INDIA ABSTRACT
More informationMulti-band material loaded Low-SAR antenna for mobile handsets
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Multi-band material loaded Low-SAR antenna for mobile handsets This item was submitted to Loughborough University's Institutional Repository by the/an author.
More informationMIC MRA WORSKHOP 2015 Fast SAR Trends, Standardization & Regulatory Status. Dr. Benoît Derat, CEO, ART-Fi SAS
MIC MRA WORSKHOP 2015 Fast SAR Trends, Standardization & Regulatory Status Dr. Benoît Derat, CEO, ART-Fi SAS New Wireless Technologies & Increase in SAR Testing Matrix Wireless devices with more complex
More informationA COMPACT DUAL INVERTED C-SHAPED SLOTS ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONS
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 17, 115 123, 2010 A COMPACT DUAL INVERTED C-SHAPED SLOTS ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATIONS D. Xi, L. H. Wen, Y. Z. Yin, Z. Zhang, and Y. N. Mo National Laboratory
More informationPLANAR INVERTED-F ANTENNA ON LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMER SUBSTRATE FOR PCS, UMTS, WIBRO APPLICATIONS
PLANAR INVERTED-F ANTENNA ON LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMER SUBSTRATE FOR PCS, UMTS, WIBRO APPLICATIONS B. T. P. Madhav 1, VGKM Pisipati 1, N. V. K Ramesh 2, Habibulla Khan 3 and P. V. Datta Prasad 4 1 LCRC-R
More informationA NOVEL DUAL-BAND PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN COMMUNICATION. E. Wang Information Engineering College of NCUT China
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 6, 93 102, 2009 A NOVEL DUAL-BAND PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN COMMUNICATION E. Wang Information Engineering College of NCUT China J. Zheng Beijing Electro-mechanical
More informationContents. Preface to the Third Edition
Contents Preface to the Third Edition xvii Chapter 1 Importance of Antennas in Mobile Systems and Recent Trends 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Trends 9 1.2.1 Mobile Systems 13 1.2.2 Increasing Information Flow
More informationModified CPW Fed Monopole Antenna with Suitable Radiation Pattern for Mobile Handset
Modified CPW Fed Monopole Antenna with Suitable Radiation Pattern for Mobile Handset D. Laila, R. Sujith, C. M. Nijas, C. K. Aanandan, K. Vasudevan, P. Mohanan Abstract A coplanar wave guide (CPW) fed
More informationCo-Existence of UMTS900 and GSM-R Systems
Asdfadsfad Omnitele Whitepaper Co-Existence of UMTS900 and GSM-R Systems 30 August 2011 Omnitele Ltd. Tallberginkatu 2A P.O. Box 969, 00101 Helsinki Finland Phone: +358 9 695991 Fax: +358 9 177182 E-mail:
More informationAPPLICATION NOTE FOR PA.710A ANTENNA INTEGRATION
APPLICATION NOTE FOR PA.710A ANTENNA INTEGRATION APN-11-8-001/B Page 1 of 22 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS... 2 2. BASICS... 4 3. APPLICATIONS... 5 4. IMPEDANCE... 5 5. BANDWIDTH... 5 6. GAIN...
More informationUser Interaction with Handset Antennas
1 User Interaction with Handset Antennas Rita Marques dos Santos Departamento de Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores Instituto Superior Técnico Email: rita.ims@gmail.com Abstract In this work the
More informationCOMPACT WIDE-SLOT TRI-BAND ANTENNA FOR WLAN/WIMAX APPLICATIONS
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 18, 9 18, 2010 COMPACT WIDE-SLOT TRI-BAND ANTENNA FOR WLAN/WIMAX APPLICATIONS Q. Zhao, S. X. Gong, W. Jiang, B. Yang, and J. Xie National Laboratory
More informationRF Exposure evaluation
Shenzhen Global Test Service Co.,Ltd. 1F, Building No. 13A, Zhonghaixin Science and Technology City, No.12,6 Road, Ganli Industrial Park, Buji Street, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong RF Exposure
More informationA Coupled-Fed Reconfigurable Antenna for Internal LTE Mobile Phone Applications
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 7, 39 44, 217 A Coupled-Fed Reconfigurable Antenna for Internal LTE Mobile Phone Applications Xinxing Zhong * Abstract In this paper, a multi-frequency
More informationSCOPE OF ACCREDITATION TO ISO/IEC 17025:2005
SCOPE OF ACCREDITATION TO ISO/IEC 17025:2005 SGS KOREA CO., LTD. (GUNPO LABORATORY) Gunpo1-4, LS-ro 182beon-gil, Gunpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea Technical Manager Automotive EMC Elan Lee elan.lee@sgs.com
More informationDesign of UWB Monopole Antenna for Oil Pipeline Imaging
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 69, 8, 26 Design of UWB Monopole Antenna for Oil Pipeline Imaging Richa Chandel,AnilK.Gautam, *, and Binod K. Kanaujia 2 Abstract A novel miniaturized design
More informationREPORT ITU-R M Characteristics of broadband wireless access systems operating in the land mobile service for use in sharing studies
Rep. ITU-R M.2116 1 REPORT ITU-R M.2116 Characteristics of broadband wireless access systems operating in the land mobile service for use in sharing studies (Questions ITU-R 1/8 and ITU-R 7/8) (2007) 1
More informationEffect of the Gap Feeding on the Multi-band Small Antenna Using a Branch Structure
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium, Hangzhou, China, March 24-28, 28 8 Effect of the Gap Feeding on the Multi-band Small Antenna Using a Branch Structure Hyengcheul Choi, Hojeong Kim, Sinhyung
More informationImpact of the size of the hearing aid on the mobile phone near fields Bonev, Ivan Bonev; Franek, Ondrej; Pedersen, Gert F.
Aalborg Universitet Impact of the size of the hearing aid on the mobile phone near fields Bonev, Ivan Bonev; Franek, Ondrej; Pedersen, Gert F. Published in: Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium
More informationA simple multi-band wire inverted-f antenna for cellular application inside handset terminals
A simple multi-band wire inverted-f antenna for cellular application inside handset terminals Tuan Hung Nguyen 1, Takashi Oki 1, Hisashi Morishita 1a), Hiroshi Sato 2, and Yoshio Koyanagi 2 1 Electrical
More informationA Novel Meander Line Microstrip Log-Periodic Dipole Antenna for Dual-Polarized Radar Systems
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 56, 123 128, 215 A Novel Meander Line Microstrip Log-Periodic Dipole Antenna for Dual-Polarized Radar Systems Lizhong Song 1, Yuming Nie 2,andJunWang
More informationMOBILE PHONE EM EXPOSURE STUDY ON INHOMOGENEOUS HUMAN MODELS CONSIDERING DIFFERENT HAND POSITIONS
JAE, VOL. 19, NO. 1, 2017 JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETISM MOBILE PHONE EM EXPOSURE STUDY ON INHOMOGENEOUS HUMAN MODELS CONSIDERING DIFFERENT HAND POSITIONS V. Jeladze, T. Nozadze, R. Zaridze, M. Prishvin,
More informationReal-life Indoor MIMO Performance with Ultra-compact LTE Nodes
Real-life Indoor MIMO Performance with Ultra-compact LTE Nodes Arne Simonsson, Maurice Bergeron, Jessica Östergaard and Chris Nizman Ericsson [arne.simonsson, maurice.bergeron, jessica.ostergaard, chris.nizman]@ericsson.com
More informationSubmission on Proposed Methodology for Engineering Licenses in Managed Spectrum Parks
Submission on Proposed Methodology and Rules for Engineering Licenses in Managed Spectrum Parks Introduction General This is a submission on the discussion paper entitled proposed methodology and rules
More informationIntertek Testing Services ETL SEMKO
Page 1 of 6 Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) Evaluation Report Report No. : EME-030276 Model No. : ME101 Issued Date : Mar. 5, 2003 Applicant Test By : NETGEAR, Inc. 4500 Great America Parkway, Santa
More informationECC Report 276. Thresholds for the coordination of CDMA and LTE broadband systems in the 400 MHz band
ECC Report 276 Thresholds for the coordination of CDMA and LTE broadband systems in the 400 MHz band 27 April 2018 ECC REPORT 276 - Page 2 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Report provides technical background
More informationSAR Evaluation Considerations for Handsets with Multiple Transmitters and Antennas
Evaluation Considerations for Handsets with Multiple Transmitters and Antennas February 2008 Laboratory Division Office of Engineering and Techlogy Federal Communications Commission Introduction This document
More informationMobile Communication Services on Aircraft Publication date: May /34/EC Notification number: 2014/67/UK
Draft UK Interface Requirement 2070 Mobile Communication Services on Aircraft Publication date: May 2014 98/34/EC Notification number: 2014/67/UK Contents Section Page 1 References 3 2 Foreword 4 3 Minimum
More informationHigh efficient PIFA-L Bend antenna for MIMO based Mobile Handsets
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-issn: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 9, Issue 1, Ver. II (Jan. 2014), PP 71-75 High efficient PIFA-L Bend antenna for MIMO based
More informationA Broadband Rectifying Circuit with High Efficiency for Microwave Power Transmission
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 52, 135 139, 2015 A Broadband Rectifying Circuit with High Efficiency for Microwave Power Transmission Mei-Juan Nie 1, Xue-Xia Yang 1, 2, *, and Jia-Jun
More informationAPPLICATION NOTE FOR PA.710.A ANTENNA INTEGRATION
APPLICATION NOTE FOR PA.710.A ANTENNA INTEGRATION APN-13-8-005/B/NB Page 1 of 17 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. TABLE OF CONTENTS... 2 2. BASICS... 3 3. APPLICATIONS... 4 4. IMPEDANCE... 4 5. BANDWIDTH... 4 6.
More informationResearch Article SAR Reduction Using Integration of PIFA and AMC Structure for Pentaband Mobile Terminals
Hindawi Antennas and Propagation Volume 217, Article ID 6196721, 7 pages https://doi.org/1.1155/217/6196721 Research Article SAR Reduction Using Integration of PIFA and AMC Structure for Pentaband Mobile
More information3GPP TS V6.6.0 ( )
TS 25.106 V6.6.0 (2006-12) Technical Specification 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; UTRA repeater radio transmission and reception (Release 6) The
More informationOfficial Journal of the European Union L 163/37
24.6.2008 Official Journal of the European Union L 163/37 COMMISSION DECISION of 13 June 2008 on the harmonisation of the 2 500-2 690 MHz frequency band for terrestrial systems capable of providing electronic
More informationPrinted =8-PIFA for Penta-Band WWAN Operation in the Mobile Phone Chih-Hua Chang, Student Member, IEEE, and Kin-Lu Wong, Fellow, IEEE
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 57, NO. 5, MAY 2009 1373 Printed =8-PIFA for Penta-Band WWAN Operation in the Mobile Phone Chih-Hua Chang, Student Member, IEEE, and Kin-Lu Wong, Fellow,
More informationMULTIBAND PATCH ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
MULTIBAND PATCH ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Suraj Manik Ramteke 1, Shashi Prabha 2 1 PG Student, Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Mahatma Gandhi Mission College of Engineering,
More informationAn introduction to Mobile Station Over-the-Air measurements
An introduction to Mobile Station Over-the-Air measurements Gregory F. Masters. Nearfield Systems Inc. 19730 Magellan Drive Torrance, CA 90502 ABSTRACT Active antenna measurements are familiar to traditional
More informationDESIGN OF DUAL BAND NOTCHED ULTRA WIDEBAND ANTENNA USING (U-W) SHAPED SLOTS
DESIGN OF DUAL BAND NOTCHED ULTRA WIDEBAND ANTENNA USING (U-W) SHAPED SLOTS Mohammed Shihab Ahmed, Md Rafiqul Islam, and Sheroz Khan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, International Islamic
More informationDesign of a Wideband Sleeve Antenna with Symmetrical Ridges
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 55, 7, 5 Design of a Wideband Sleeve Antenna with Symmetrical Ridges Peng Huang *, Qi Guo, Zhi-Ya Zhang, Yang Li, and Guang Fu Abstract In this letter,
More informationAdvances in Satellite Communications Technology Suitable for IoT. RRW 18, IoT January 14-15, 2018
Advances in Satellite Communications Technology Suitable for IoT RRW 18, IoT January 14-15, 2018 Satellite Advances Leading to Higher Capacity and Lower Cost Very large antenna space-deployable reflectors
More informationL-slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna for WiMAX and WLAN Applications
L-slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna for WiMAX and WLAN Applications Danish Hayat Bhagwant University, Ajmer, India Abstract: This paper is based on design and simulation of rectangular Microstrip Patch
More informationITU-T Study Group 5. EMF Environmental Characterization
International Telecommunication Union EMF Environmental Characterization Jeffrey Boksiner Senior Consultant, Telcordia Technologies, Inc Workshop on: EMC, safety and EMF effects in telecommunications o
More informationSAR REPORT. TEST STANDARDS: FCC Part 15 Subpart C Intentional Radiator. ARRIS Model Spectrum 110A Set Top Box With Bluetooth (DSS) and RF4CE (DTS)
BEC INCORPORATED SAR REPORT TEST STANDARDS: FCC Part 15 Subpart C Intentional Radiator ARRIS Model Spectrum 110A Set Top Box With Bluetooth (DSS) and RF4CE (DTS) REPORT BEC-1839-08 CUSTOMER: ARRIS Group
More informationLow SAR Planar Antenna for Multi Standard Cellular Phones
Low SAR Planar Antenna for Multi Standard Cellular Phones M.BEN AHMED 1,M.BOUHORMA 1,F.ELOUAAI 2 and A.MAMOUNI 3 1 Computing and Telecommunications Research Group, Faculty of Science and Technology Bp416
More informationIEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters. Copyright Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
Title Dual-band monopole antenna with frequency-tunable feature for WiMAX applications Author(s) Sun, X; Cheung, SW; Yuk, TTI Citation IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2013, v. 12, p. 100-103
More informationWide and multi-band antenna design using the genetic algorithm to create amorphous shapes using ellipses
Wide and multi-band antenna design using the genetic algorithm to create amorphous shapes using ellipses By Lance Griffiths, You Chung Chung, and Cynthia Furse ABSTRACT A method is demonstrated for generating
More informationPlanar Radiators 1.1 INTRODUCTION
1 Planar Radiators 1.1 INTRODUCTION The rapid development of wireless communication systems is bringing about a wave of new wireless devices and systems to meet the demands of multimedia applications.
More informationDESIGN AND TESTING OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE ANTENNA ARRAY WITH A NOVEL FEED NETWORK
Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 5, 153 160, 2008 DESIGN AND TESTING OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE ANTENNA ARRAY WITH A NOVEL FEED NETWORK G. Yang, R. Jin, J. Geng, and S. Ye Shanghai Jiao Tong University
More informationInvestigations for Broadband Internet within High Speed Trains
Investigations for Broadband Internet within High Speed Trains Abstract Zhongbao Ji Wenzhou Vocational and Technical College, Wenzhou 325035, China. 14644404@qq.com Broadband IP based multimedia services
More information4GHz / 6GHz Radiation Measurement System
4GHz / 6GHz Radiation Measurement System The MegiQ Radiation Measurement System (RMS) is a compact test system that performs 3-axis radiation pattern measurement in non-anechoic spaces. With a frequency
More information2.4 GHz 2.5 GHz FlexPIFA 2 dbi Antenna w/u.fl Cable, 100mm
2.4 GHz FlexPIFA Antenna, 1mm 2.4 GHz 2.5 GHz FlexPIFA 2 dbi Antenna w/u.fl Cable, 1mm ORDERING INFORMATION Order Number Description 1-14 2.4 GHz FlexPIFA Antenna w/u.fl Cable, 1mm 1-22 2.4 GHz FlexPIFA
More informationChannel Estimation for Downlink LTE System Based on LAGRANGE Polynomial Interpolation
Channel Estimation for Downlink LTE System Based on LAGRANGE Polynomial Interpolation Mallouki Nasreddine,Nsiri Bechir,Walid Hakimiand Mahmoud Ammar University of Tunis El Manar, National Engineering School
More information