Topic Page: Photography
|
|
- Ella Kathlyn Wheeler
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Topic Page: Photography Definition: photography from Collins English Dictionary n 1 the process of recording images on sensitized material by the action of light, X-rays, etc, and the chemical processing of this material to produce a print, slide, or cine film 2 the art, practice, or occupation of taking and printing photographs, making cine films, etc Summary Article: photography, still from The Columbia Encyclopedia science and art of making permanent images on light-sensitive materials. See also photographic processing; motion picture photography; Image from: A 1936 motion pictures. example of New Deal propaganda by Farm... in Propaganda and Mass Persuasion: A Historical Encyclopedia, 1500 to the Present Early Development s The camera itself is based on optical principles known at least since the age of Aristotle; indeed, a filmless version was in use in the mid- 1500s as a sketching device for artists. Called the camera obscura (Lat.,=dark chamber), it consisted of a small, lightproof box with a pinhole or lens on one side and a translucent screen on the opposite side. This screen registered, in a manner suitable for tracing, the inverted image transmitted through the lens. The human eye was the prototype for this device, which functioned as a primitive extension of seeing. Most experiments in photographic technology were directed toward perfecting the medium as a surrogate, more sophisticated eye. The Invent ion of Phot ography The necessary first breakthrough in photography was in a different, not eye-centered area that of making permanent photographic images. Employing data from the researches of Johann Heinrich Schulze who, in 1727, discovered that silver nitrate darkened upon exposure to light Thomas Wedgwood and Sir Humphry Davy, early in the 19th cent., created what we now call photograms. These were made by placing assorted objects on paper soaked in silver nitrate and exposing them to sunlight. Those areas of the paper covered by the objects remained white; the rest blackened after exposure to the light. Davy and Wedgwood found no way of arresting the chemical action at this stage, however, and their images lasted only a short time before darkening entirely. Photography's basic principles, processes, and materials were discovered virtually simultaneously by a diverse group of individuals of different nationalities, working for the most part entirely independently of one another. The results of their experiments coalesced in the first half of the 19th cent., creating a tool for communication that was to become as powerful and significant as the printing press. Four men figure principally in the establishment of the rudiments of photographic science.
2 The French physicist, Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, made the first negative (on paper) in 1816 and the first known photograph (on metal; he called it a heliograph) in By the latter date he had directed his investigations away from paper surfaces and negatives (having invented, in the meantime, what is now called the photogravure process of mechanical reproduction) and toward sensitized metallic surfaces. In 1827 Niépce had also begun his association with Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre, a French painter who had been experimenting along parallel lines. A partnership was formed and they collaborated until Niépce's death in 1833, after which Daguerre continued their work for the next six years. In 1839 he announced the invention of a method for making a direct positive image on a silver plate the daguerreotype. Daguerre's announcement was a source of dismay to the English scientist William Henry Fox Talbot, who had been experimenting independently along related lines for years. Talbot had evolved a method for making a paper negative from which an infinite number of paper positives could be created. He had also worked out an effective although imperfect technique for permanently fixing his images. Concerned that he might lose the rights to his own invention, the calotype process, Talbot wrote to the French Academy of Sciences, asserting the priority of his own invention. He then lost no time in presenting his researches to England's Royal Society, of which he was a distinguished member. All three pioneers, Niépce, Daguerre, and Talbot, along with Sir John Herschel who in 1819 discovered the suitability of hyposulfite of soda, or hypo, as a fixing agent for sensitized paper images and who is generally credited with giving the new medium its name deserve to share the title Inventor of Photography. Each made a vital and unique contribution to the invention of the photographic process. The process developed by Daguerre and Niépce was, in a grand gesture, purchased from them by the French government and given, free of patent restrictions, to the world. Talbot patented his own process and then published a description of it, entitled The Pencil of Nature ( ). This book, containing 24 original prints, was the first ever illustrated with photographs. The Daguerreot ype Daguerreotypy spread rapidly, except in England, where Daguerre had secretly patented his process before selling it to the French government. The legal problems attending the pursuit of photography as a profession account in part for the widespread influence of amateurs (e.g., Nadar, the French pioneer photographer) on the early development of the medium. The popularity of the daguerreotype is attributable to two principal factors. The first of these was the Victorian passion for novelty and for the accumulation of material objects, which found its perfect paradigm in these silvery, exquisitely detailed miniatures. The second was the greatly increasing demand from a rising middle class for qualitatively good but compared to a painter's fee inexpensive family portraits. The cheaper tintype eventually made such likenesses available to all. The principal shortcoming of the daguerreotype and its variants was inherent in its nature as a direct positive. Unique and unreproducible, it could not serve for the production of any image intended for wide distribution. This factor, combined with the lengthy exposure time necessitated by the process, restricted its function to portraiture. The vast majority of surviving daguerreotypes are portraits; images of any other subject are exceedingly rare. Nevertheless, for 20 years the daguerreotype completely overshadowed the greater utility of the calotype. In the United States, where it was equally popular, the daguerreotype was promoted by John W. Draper and Samuel F. B. Morse.
3 The Calot ype The calotype's paper negative made possible the reproduction of photographic images. The unavoidably coarse paper base for the negative, however, eliminated the delicate detail that made the daguerreotype so appealing. This lack of precision was understood and used to advantage by the Scottish painter David Octavius Hill and his assistant, Robert Adamson. From 1843 to 1848 they made an extensive series of calotype portraits of Scottish clergymen, intended to serve only as studies for a group portrait in oils, that stands today among the major bodies of work in the medium. Hill and Adamson composed their portraits in broad planes, juxtaposing bold masses of light and dark, creating works that are monumental in feeling despite their small size. The Collodion Process The dilemma of detail versus reproducibility was resolved in 1851 by an Englishman, Frederick Scott Archer, who introduced the collodion process. This method, also known as the wet plate technique, involved coating a glass plate with silver iodide in suspension, exposing it while still wet, and developing it immediately. Once fixed and dried, the glass plate was covered with a thin, flexible film containing the negative image, the definition and detail of which approached that of the daguerreotype. As this process merged the advantages of both its predecessors, it was universally adopted within a very short time. The Impact of Early Phot ography With the advent of the collodion process came mass production and dissemination of photographic prints. The inception of these visual documents of personal and public history engendered vast changes in people's perception of history, of time, and of themselves. The concept of privacy was greatly altered as cameras were used to record most areas of human life. The ubiquitous presence of photographic machinery eventually changed humankind's sense of what was suitable for observation. The photograph was considered incontestable proof of an event, experience, or state of being. To fulfill the mounting and incessant demand for more images, photographers spread out to every corner of the world, recording all the natural and manufactured phenomena they could find. By the last quarter of the 19th cent. most households could boast respectable photographic collections. These were in three main forms: the family album, which contained cabinet portraits and the smaller cartes-de-visite and tintypes; scrapbooks containing large prints of views from various parts of the world; and boxes of stereoscope cards, which in combination with the popular stereo viewer created an effective illusion of three-dimensionality. A number of photographers, including Timothy O'Sullivan, J. K. Hillers, and W. H. Jackson, accompanied exploratory expeditions to the new frontiers in the American West, while John Thomson returned from China and Maxime Du Camp from Egypt with records of vistas and peoples never before seen by Western eyes. Roger Fenton, who photographed the Crimean conflict, and Mathew Brady's photographic corps, who documented the American Civil War, provided graphic evidence of the hellishness of combat. Furt her Development s E. J. Marey, the painter Thomas Eakins, and Eadweard Muybridge all devised means for making stop-action photographs that demonstrated the gap between what the mind thinks it sees and what the eye actually perceives. Muybridge's major work, Animal Locomotion (1887), remains a basic
4 source for artists and scientists alike. As accessory lenses were perfected, the camera's vision extended both telescopically and microscopically; the moon and the microorganism became accessible as photographic images. The introduction of the halftone process (see photoengraving; printing) in 1881 made possible the accurate reproduction of photographs in books and newspapers. In combination with new improvements in photographic technology, including dry plates and smaller cameras, which made photographing faster and less cumbersome, the halftone made immediate reportage feasible and paved the way for news photography. George Eastman's introduction in 1888 of roll film and the simple Kodak box camera provided everyone with the means of making photographs for themselves. Meanwhile, studies in sensitometry, the new science of light-sensitive materials, made exposure and processing more practicable. Art and Document ary Phot ography The fight to certify photography as a fine art has been among the medium's dominant philosophical preoccupations since its inception. Photography's legitimacy as an art form was challenged by artists and critics, who seized upon the mechanical and chemical aspects of the photographic process as proof that photography was, at best, a craft. Perhaps because so many painters came to rely so heavily on the photograph as a source of imagery, they insisted that photography could only be a handmaiden to the arts. To prove that photography was indeed an art, photographers at first imitated the painting of the time. Enormous popularity was achieved by such photographers as O. J. Rejlander and Henry Peach Robinson, who created sentimental genre scenes by printing from multiple negatives. Julia Margaret Cameron blurred her images to achieve a painterly softness of line, creating a series of remarkably powerful soft-focus portraits of her celebrated friends. In opposition to the painterly aesthetic in photography was P. H. Emerson and other early advocates of what has since become known as straight photography. According to this approach the photographic image should not be tampered with or subjected to handwork or other affectations lest it lose its integrity. Emerson proposed this philosophy in his controversial and influential book, Naturalistic Photography (1889). Appropriately, Emerson was the first to recognize the importance of the work of Alfred Stieglitz, who battled for photography's place among the arts during the first part of the 20th cent. In revolt against the entrenched imitation of genre painting known as salon photography, Stieglitz founded a movement which he called the Photo-Secession, related to the radical secession movements in painting. He initiated publication of a magazine, Camera Work ( ), which was a forum for the Photo-Secession and for enlightened opinion and critical thought in all the arts. It remains the most sumptuously and meticulously produced photographic quarterly in the history of the medium. In New York City, Stieglitz opened three galleries, the first ( ) called 291 (from its address at 291 Fifth Ave.), then the Intimate Gallery ( ), and An American Place ( ), where photographic work was hung beside contemporary, often controversial, work in other media. Stieglitz's own photographs and those of several other Photo-Secessionists Edward Steichen, one of his early protégés; Frederick Evans, the British architectural photographer; and the portraitist Alvin L. Coburn adhered with relative strictness to a straight aesthetic. The quality of their works, despite a pervasive self-consciousness, was consistently of the highest craftsmanship. Stieglitz's
5 overriding concern with the concept art for art's sake kept him, and the audience he built for the medium, from an appreciation of an equally important branch of photography: the documentary. The power of the photograph as record was demonstrated in the 19th cent., as when William H. Jackson's photographs of the Yellowstone area persuaded the U.S. Congress to set that territory aside as a national park. In the early 20th cent. photographers and journalists were beginning to use the medium to inform the public on crucial issues in order to generate social change. Taking as their precedents the work of such men as Jackson and reporter Jacob Riis (whose photographs of New York City slums resulted in much-needed legislation), documentarians like Lewis Hine and James Van DerZee began to build a photographic tradition whose central concerns had little to do with the concept of art. The photojournalist sought to build, strengthen, or change public opinion by means of novel, often shocking images. The finished form of the documentary image was the inexpensive multiple, the magazine or newspaper reproduction. For a time the two traditions, art photography and documentary photography, appeared to be merged within the work of one man, Paul Strand. Strand's works combined a documentary concern with a lean, modernist vision related to the avant-garde art of Europe. The Aesthetics of Photography Seeking to determine the particular aesthetics of photography, the American Berenice Abbott and the Frenchmen Eugène Atget, André Kertész, and Henri Cartier-Bresson developed intensely personal styles. The exponents of surrealism in France and of futurism in Italy and the various German art movements that were focused in the Bauhaus all explored the medium of photography. The international exhibition Film und Foto, held in Stuttgart in 1929, helped to make formal a purely photographic aesthetic. The works exhibited combined elements of functionalism and abstraction. Photographic subject matter shifted from the past to the present a present of new forms in machinery and architecture, new concern with the experience of the working classes, and a new interest in the timeless forms of nature. In California during the 1920s and 30s Edward Weston and a handful of kindred spirits founded the f/64 group, taking their name from the smallest lens opening, that which provides the greatest precision of line and detail. This small and unofficial group which included Imogen Cunningham, Ansel Adams, and Willard Van Dyke came to dominate photographic art, overshadowing the pictorial aesthetic. They and their imitators eschewed all post-exposure handwork, and worked with 8 10-in. view cameras in order to obtain the largest possible negatives from which to make straightforward contact prints. They limited their subject matter to static things: the still life, the distant or closely viewed landscape, and the formal portrait. The influential teacher Minor White became known for his poetic, visionary work related in technique to this straightforward approach. The Impact of New Technology The development of the 35-mm or candid camera by Oskar Barnack of the Ernst Leitz company, first marketed in 1925, made documentarians infinitely more mobile and less conspicuous, while the manufacture of faster black-and-white film enabled them to work without a flash in situations with a minimum of light. Color film for transparencies (slides) was introduced in 1935 and color negative film in Portable lighting equipment was perfected, and in 1947 the Polaroid Land camera, which could produce a positive print in seconds, was placed on the market. All of these technological advances granted the photojournalist enormous and unprecedented versatility.
6 The advent of large-circulation picture magazines, such as Life (begun 1936) and Look (begun 1937), provided an outlet and a vast audience for documentary work. At the same time a steady stream of convulsive national and international events provided a wealth of material for the extended photoessay, the documentarian's natural mode. One of these was the Great Depression of the 1930s, which proved to be the source of an important body of documentary work. Under the leadership of Roy Stryker, the photographic division of the Farm Security Administration (FSA) began to make an archive of images of America during this epoch of crisis. Walker Evans, Arthur Rothstein, Russell Lee, and Dorothea Lange of the FSA group photographed the cultural disintegration generated by the Depression and the concomitant disappearance of rural lifestyles. With the coming of World War II photographers, including Margaret Bourke-White, Edward Steichen, W. Eugene Smith, Lee Miller, and Robert Capa, documented the global conflict. The war was a stimulus to photography in other ways as well. From the stress analysis of metals to aerial surveillance, the medium was a crucial tool in many areas of the war effort, and, in the urgency of war, numerous technological discoveries and advances were made that ultimately benefited all photographers. Modern Photography After the war museums and art schools opened their doors to photography, a trend that has continued to the present. Photographers began to break free of the oppressive strictures of the straight aesthetic and documentary modes of expression. As exemplified by Robert Frank in his highly influential book-length photo-essay, The Americans (1959), the new documentarians commenced probing what has been called the social landscape, often mirroring in their images the anxiety and alienation of urban life. Such introspection naturally led to an increasingly personal form of documentary photography, as in the works of J. H. Lartigue and Diane Arbus. Many young photographers felt little inhibition against handwork, collage, multiple images, and other forms that were anathema to practitioners of the straight aesthetic. Since the 1960s photography has become an increasingly dominant medium within the visual arts. Many painters and printmakers, including Andy Warhol, Robert Rauschenberg, and David Hockney have blended photography with other modes of expression, including computer imaging in mixed media compositions at both large and small scale. Contemporary photographers who use more traditional methods to explore nontraditional subjects include Cindy Sherman and Richard Prince. The 1990s brought the first attempt to provide a fully integrated photographic system. Aimed at the amateur photographer, the Advanced Photo System (APS) was developed by an international consortium of camera and film manufacturers. The keystone of the new system is a magnetic coating that enables the camera, film, and photofinishing equipment to communicate. The cameras are self-loading, can be switched among three different formats (classic, or 4 by 6 in.; hi vision, or 4 by 7 in.; and panoramic, or 4 by 11.5 in.), and are fully automatic (auto-focus, auto-exposure pointand-shoot ). The film is a new, smaller size (24 mm), has an improved polyester plastic base, and two magnetic strips that record the exposure and framing parameters for each picture and allow the user to add a brief notation to each frame. The photofinishing equipment can read the magnetic data on the film and adjust the developing of each negative to compensate for the conditions. After processing, the negatives (still encased in the cassette) are returned along with the photographs and an index sheet of thumbnail-size contact prints from which reprints and enlargements can be selected.
7 Other Aspects of Photography In the contemporary world the practical applications of the photographic medium are legion: it is an important tool in education, medicine, commerce, criminology, and the military. Its scientific applications include aerial mapping and surveying, geology, reconnaissance, meteorology, archaeology, and anthropology. New techniques such as holography, a means of creating a threedimensional image in space, continue to expand the medium's technological and creative horizons. In astronomy the charge coupled device (CCD) can detect and register even a single photon of light. Digital Technology By the end of the 20th cent. digital imaging and processing and computer-based techniques had made it possible to manipulate images in many ways, creating revolutionary changes in photography. Digital technology allowed for a fundamental change in the nature of photographic technique. Instead of light passing through a lens and striking emulsion on film, digital photography uses sensors and color filters. In one technique three filters are arranged in a mosaic pattern on top of the photosensitive layer. Each filter allows only one color (red, green, or blue) to pass through to the pixel beneath it. In the other technique, three separate photosensitive layers are embedded in silicon. Since silicon absorbs different colors at different depths, each layer allows a different color to pass through. When stacked together, a full color pixel results. In both techniques the photosensitive material converts images into a series of numbers that are then translated back into tonal values and printed. Using computers, various numbers can easily be changed, thus altering colors, rearranging pictorial elements, or combining photographs with other kinds of images. Some digital cameras record directly onto computer disks or into a computer, where the images can be manipulated at will. Bibliography See Newhall, B., The History of Photography: 1839 to the Present Day (5th ed. 1988);. Bolton, R., Contest of Meaning (1992);. Batchen, G., Burning with Desire: The Conception of Photography (1999);. Szarkowski, J., Looking at Photographs (1999);. Langford, M. J., Basic Photography (2001);. Ang, T., Digital Photography: An Introduction (2003);. Morris, E., Believing Is Seeing: Observations on the Mysteries of Photography (2011). Among the many outstanding volumes of collected photographs are Steichen, E., ed., The Family of Man (1955) and American Album (1968; comp. by the ed. of American Heritage);. Goldberg, V., Photography in Print (1988);. Mitchell, W. J., The Reconfigured Eye: Visual Truth in the Post-Photographic Age (1993);. Alinder, M. S., Group f.64 (2014). APA Chicago Harvard MLA photography, still. (2018). In P. Lagasse, & Columbia University, The Columbia encyclopedia (8th ed.). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Retrieved from
8 The Columbia Encyclopedia, Columbia University Press 2018 The Columbia Encyclopedia, Columbia University Press 2018
9 APA photography, still. (2018). In P. Lagasse, & Columbia University, The Columbia encyclopedia (8th ed.). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Retrieved from Chicago "photography, still." In The Columbia Encyclopedia, by Paul Lagasse, and Columbia University. 8th ed. Columbia University Press, Harvard photography, still. (2018). In P. Lagasse & Columbia University, The Columbia encyclopedia. (8th ed.). [Online]. New York: Columbia University Press. Available from: [Accessed 20 August 2018]. MLA "photography, still." The Columbia Encyclopedia, Paul Lagasse, and Columbia University, Columbia University Press, 8th edition, Credo Reference,. Accessed 20 Aug
Chapter 9-2: The Invention of Photography
Chapter 9-2: The Invention of Photography Ancient times: Camera Obscura used to form images on walls in darkened rooms; image formation via a pinhole The Inventors of Photography The Camera Obscura: (Latin:
More informationKey verse for the class this year!
Key verse for the class this year! Col 3:17 And whatsoever ye do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God and the Father by him. Photography can be used anywhere! Family
More informationKey verse for the class
Key verse for the class Col 3:17 And whatsoever ye do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God and the Father by him. Photography can be used anywhere! Family Sports
More informationHistory of Photography. grade eleven
History of Photography grade eleven There is no single correct answer to the question of how and when photography began. No one person can be credited with inventing it. Instead, it emerged through centuries
More informationfrom tool of the artist to visual communication medium...
from tool of the artist to visual communication medium... THE BEGINNING OF PHOTOGRAPHY - was the result of the work of many scientists and artists and not the discovery of one single person. Each person
More informationGianluca Maver: History camera process photography
Beginnings Photography started with a camera and the basic idea has been around since about the 5th Century B.C. For centuries these were just ideas until an Iraqi scientist developed something called
More informationHistory of Photography. A Brief Overview..
History of Photography A Brief Overview.. Seven Elements of Photography 1. Dark Box 2. Light 3. Light Sensitive Material - Film 4. Shutter 5. Photographer 6. Subject 7. Hole The Beginnings 5th Century
More informationHAJEA Photojournalism Units : I-V
HAJEA Photojournalism Units : I-V Unit - I Photography History Early Pioneers and experiments Joseph Nicephore Niepce Louis Daguerre Eadweard Muybridge 2 Photography History Photography is the process
More information6. In What year photography was announced to the public for the first time? A. 1826
Quiz; Basic Photography Name Group 1. What are the components that determined exposure? A. Shutter speed B. Aperture C. ISO/ASA D. All of the above 2. List the main three kinds of digital cameras 3. Who
More information2D MEDIA: PHOTOGRAPHY. ART 121 Lecture 7
2D MEDIA: PHOTOGRAPHY ART 121 Lecture 7 Annie Liebovitz: So There You Go Photography: A Timeline 5 th century BCE: The camera obscura was discovered both in ancient China and ancient Greece. Philosophers
More informationHistory of Photography. A Brief Overview..
History of Photography A Brief Overview.. Seven Elements of Photography 1. Dark Box 2. Light 3. Light Sensitive Material - Film 4. Shutter 5. Photographer 6. Subject 7. Hole The Beginnings 5th Century
More informationChapter 11. Photography
Chapter 11 Photography Photograph Phos is Greek for light Graphos is Greek for writing Photography means writing with light How is photography like collage? The world is essentially a store house of visual
More informationThe History Of Photography: From 1839 To The Present PDF
The History Of Photography: From 1839 To The Present PDF Since its first publication in 1937, this lucid and scholarly chronicle of the history of photography has been hailed as the classic work on the
More informationIntroduction to Photography
Topic 1 - The History of Photography Learning Outcomes In this lesson you will learn about the earliest work that led us to the photographic devices we have today. To fully appreciate the potential and
More informationHistory - What is Photography?
History - What is Photography? PHOTOGRAPHY. The word photography comes from two ancient Greek words: photo, for "light," and graph, for "drawing." "Drawing with light" is a way of describing photography.
More informationA Brief History of (pre-digital) Photography
A Brief History of (pre-digital) Photography The word photography comes from two Greek words: photos, meaning light, and graphe, meaning drawing or writing. The word photography basically means, writing
More informationA Brief History of Photography. Notable developments since 1519
A Brief History of Photography Notable developments since 1519 Sir John Herschel First coined the term Photography in 1839, the year the photographic process became public Derived from Greek words: Photo
More informationThe History of Photography and the Camera: From Pinhole to SmartPhones
The History of Photography and the Camera: From Pinhole to SmartPhones Whether you're hanging out with friends on the beach or reading about the history of the 1930s, photography will likely make an appearance.
More informationShaw Academy. Lesson 2 Course Notes. Diploma in Smartphone Photography
Shaw Academy Lesson 2 Course Notes Diploma in Smartphone Photography Angle of View Seeing the World through your Smartphone To understand how lenses differ from each other we first need to look at what's
More informationEarliest Techniques Expert Group: Daguerrotypes, Salt Prints, Albumen Prints
Earliest Techniques Expert Group: Daguerrotypes, Salt Prints, Albumen Prints Daguerreotypes are sharply defined, highly reflective, one-of-a-kind photographs on silver-coated copper plates, packaged behind
More informationNEWSROOM News from the black & white world. Edited by Mark Bentley.
NEWS NEWSROOM News from the black & white world. Edited by Mark Bentley. markbe@thegmcgroup.com Constanza Portnoy Paul Hart Victoria and Albert Museum, London 04 HIGH CONTRAST Pictures by Vivian Maier
More informationSYNTAX AND PICTORIAL SYNTAX
SYNTAX AND PICTORIAL SYNTAX Albrecht Dürer, c 1500 s Andrea Mantegna Albrecht Dürer, c 1500 s Andrea Mantegna Albrecht Dürer, c 1500 s Andrea Mantegna Albrecht Dürer, Mother, 1514 Daguerreotype versus
More informationA Brief History of Photography
A Brief History of Photography Camera Obscura Earliest written documentation from 470-320 BCE by Chinese and Greek philosophers By Unknown - file:///c:/magical%20motion%20museum/00%20pre-lanterna%20magica/camera%20obscura/001_a01_camera_obscura_abrazolas..jpg,
More informationFor Summer, You will need: a digital SLR with a memory card (8GB or larger), and card reader or camera USB cable a flash drive (8GB or larger)
AP STUDIO ART SUMMER WORK 2017 Pre-AP PHOTO Portfolio Coffey s cell: (941)457-7183 Check out AP central: http://studioartportfolios.collegeboard.org/ For Summer, You will need: a digital SLR with a memory
More informationNew Paltz Central School District ART High School/Studio in Photography
The Camera Obscura Methods of camera construction, Introduction to the history of What are the origins, discoveries, and principles of relationship to the human eye, and properties of light are explored.
More informationPortrait Photography. with Claudia Ruiz-Gustafson
Portrait Photography with Claudia Ruiz-Gustafson A daguerreotype made by Louis Daguerre in 1838, is generally accepted as the earliest photograph to include people. It is a view of a busy street, but because
More informationBradly Brown PHOTO 1
Bradly Brown bradly.brown@hccs.org PHOTO 1 Early Photography The First Photograph, or more specifically, the earliest known surviving photograph made in a camera, was taken by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in
More informationPhotography: From Daguerre to Digital
Photography: From Daguerre to Digital The Reality of Photography: How much of what we see in a photograph is real? Are photographs truthful? Have you had a bad picture taken. Do they truly look like the
More informationHuman fascination with the concept of communicating with light. and shadows has its roots in antiquity. Aristotle described how sunlight
THE HISTORY OF CINEMATOGRAPHY PART ONE THE BIRTH OF AN ART FORM Human fascination with the concept of communicating with light and shadows has its roots in antiquity. Aristotle described how sunlight passing
More informationBasic principles of photography. David Capel 346B IST
Basic principles of photography David Capel 346B IST Latin Camera Obscura = Dark Room Light passing through a small hole produces an inverted image on the opposite wall Safely observing the solar eclipse
More informationARTH 1100-D400 History and Appreciation of Photography Fall 2013 SYLLABUS
ARTH 1100-D400 History and Appreciation of Photography Fall 2013 SYLLABUS Professor Sandra Cheng Office Hours: Tu 9:00-10:00 am Office: Namm 602B Th 11:15 am-12 pm Email: scheng@citytech.cuny.edu (best
More informationFrom Architectural Revivals to Architectural Modernism
From Architectural Revivals to Architectural Modernism Charles Barry and A.W.N. Pugin, Houses of Parliament, 1836-1860, London, England The British Houses of Parliament are an example of the revival of
More informationHISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY
HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY http://www.tutorialspoint.com/dip/history_of_photography.htm Copyright tutorialspoint.com Origin of camera The history of camera and photography is not exactly the same. The concepts
More informationUnit Title: Photography Techniques
Unit Credit Value: 10 Unit Level: Two Unit Guided Learning Hours: 60 Ofqual Unit Reference Number: K/600/6517 Unit Review Date: 31/12/2016 Unit Sector: 9.3 Media and Communication Unit Summary This unit
More informationName Digital Imaging I History of Photography and Chapters 1 5 Review Material
Name Digital Imaging I History of Photography and Chapters 1 5 Review Material History of Photography The two main countries involved in the discovery of photography were France and England. In 1727 Johann
More informationTeaching with AMICO Library Digital Images
Teaching with AMICO Library Digital Images Andrew Hershberger AMICO 2003 1 Compare with slide Quality of Images -Slides are sharper, or can be if they are made from original photographs, or from high quality
More informationSubject/ Unit of Study. Time Frame. Essential Questions Topics/Content/Skills Assessment Standards/ Expectations. Full Year. Photography I Djordjevic
Time Frame Full Year Subject/ Unit of Study Photography I Djordjevic This class explores the basics of traditional black and white photographic printing. We will examine both the aesthetic and technical
More informationCOPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL 1 Photography and 3D It wasn t too long ago that film, television, computers, and animation were completely separate entities. Each of these is an art form in its own right. Today,
More informationARTH 1100-D401 History and Appreciation of Photography Fall 2014 SYLLABUS
ARTH 1100-D401 History and Appreciation of Photography Fall 2014 SYLLABUS This syllabus is for students in The Art of Food Learning Community with First Year Hospitality Students who are enrolled in Professor
More informationRichard Learoyd IN THE STUDIO
Richard Learoyd IN THE STUDIO For over a decade, Richard Learoyd (English, born 1966) has been using a room-sized camera obscura in his studio to create large-scale direct-positive prints characterized
More informationvalue of historical perspective
History of Remote Sensing Part II James B. Campbell 2010 Virginia Community College System Geospatial Institute t Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA July 24 30 th, 2010 value of historical perspective Place
More informationDigital Photography. Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Lecture #8 Donald P. Greenberg September 14, 2017
Digital Photography Visual Imaging in the Electronic Age Lecture #8 Donald P. Greenberg September 14, 2017 History of Photography Ancient Camera Obscura through pinhole 16 th - 17 th Century Camera Obscura
More informationPortraits Tour - Grades 4-12 Surveillance Addition
Intro (in Great Hall or first gallery) Welcome to the Wichita Art Museum! Each group: Introduce yourself and go over expectations. Give a short overview/intro for what they can expect from the tour. Address
More information11/25/2009 CHAPTER THREE INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION (CONT D) THE AERIAL CAMERA: LENS PHOTOGRAPHIC SENSORS
INTRODUCTION CHAPTER THREE IC SENSORS Photography means to write with light Today s meaning is often expanded to include radiation just outside the visible spectrum, i. e. ultraviolet and near infrared
More informationGroup f/64. Hayo Baan
Group f/64 Hayo Baan Introduction When you talk about landscape photography, sooner or later you ll come across a group called f/64. While not solely about landscape photography, this group still played
More informationHISTORY of PHOTOGRAPHY from Camera Obscura to Digital
HISTORY of PHOTOGRAPHY from Camera Obscura to Digital 1 Photography is derived from Greek words photos (light) and graphien (to draw) meaning DRAWING WITH LIGHT The word was first used by the scientist
More informationMAKE YOUR OWN PINHOLE CAMERA
KS2/3 SCIENCE RESOURCE MAKE YOUR OWN PINHOLE CAMERA INTRODUCTION Photography is everywhere magazines, gift cards, mugs, key rings, books, school pictures and we re very used to seeing photographic reproductions
More informationSchool District of Marshfield Course Syllabus
School District of Marshfield Course Syllabus Course Name: Advanced Art Photography Length of Course: Semester Credits: ½ Credit Course Description: Students will continue to develop technical skill with
More informationIndustrial Revolution
ARTH 4573 HISTORY OF GRAPHIC DESIGN week 3 section 4b industrial revolution } Technically England 1760-1840 } But overall, a radical process of social and economic change rather than a mere historical
More informationCHAPTER 12 PHOTOGRAPHY AND TIME BASED MEDIA
CHAPTER 12 PHOTOGRAPHY AND TIME BASED MEDIA A History of Time Based Media Photography began in roughly 1838, with still images. The still image generated the idea that it might be possible to capture an
More information3. Snapchat or Instagram, which one do you personally like? Hide answers 6. What did the Kodak replace? Hide answers
Questions Facebook Hide ALL 1. What college did the creators of Instagram and Snapchat all go to? 4. What chemical was used to create a calotype? Kansas University Colorado University Stanford Yale silver
More information- Wilson Hicks (former picture editor of 'Life' magazine.)
Photojournalism Photojournalism "In traditional journalism words are produced first and the picture is used to illustrate them...in photojournalism there is an exact reversal of that order." - Wilson Hicks
More informationARTH LC01 History and Appreciation of Photography Fall 2016 SYLLABUS
ARTH 1100- LC01 History and Appreciation of Photography Fall 2016 SYLLABUS This syllabus is for students in Art! Camera! Food! Learning Community with Hospitality Students who are enrolled in Professor
More informationCOURSE NAME: PHOTOGRAPHY AND AUDIO VISUAL PRODUCTION (VOCATIONAL) FOR UNDER GRADUATE (FIRST YEAR)
COURSE NAME: PHOTOGRAPHY AND AUDIO VISUAL PRODUCTION (VOCATIONAL) FOR UNDER GRADUATE (FIRST YEAR) PAPER TITLE: PHOTO APPRECIATION TOPIC : HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF PHOTOGRAPHY Objectives By the end of the
More informationThe Mechanics of Expression: Vera Lutter, Sameer Makarius & Otto Steinert April 6 May 13, 2017
The Mechanics of Expression: Vera Lutter, Sameer Makarius & Otto Steinert April 6 May 13, 2017 Vera Lutter, Clock Tower, Brooklyn, unique gelatin silver print, June 29, 2009 NEW YORK In 1949, a group of
More informationPhotographers in History. Kent Messamore 10/5/2011
Photographers in History Kent Messamore 10/5/2011 Joseph Nicephore Niepce 1765-1833 First known photograph Heliograph - 1822 Required an 8 hour exposure JKM 3/6/2010 Enhanced Images 2 Louis Daguerre 1787-1851
More informationThe Polaroid Collection at Sotheby s
Press Release New York For Immediate Release New York + 212 606 7176 Lauren Gioia Lauren.Gioia@Sothebys.com Dan Abernethy Dan.Abernethy@Sothebys.com The Polaroid Collection at Sotheby s Chuck Close, 9-Part
More informationThe Museum of Modern Art
The Museum of Modern Art ^% y % BF^^kJF WMSi A ' ***,/":"1 I F% May 15 -August 16, 1988 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE MAJOR GARRY WINOGRAND RETROSPECTIVE OPENS AT THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART A retrospective of the
More informationPHOTOGRAPHY. Contact Information. Overview. Degrees/Certificates
1 PHOTOGRAPHY Contact Information Division Liberal Arts Dean Anne Fleischmann (Interim) Associate Dean Lynn Medeiros (Interim) Division Office W 107, Rocklin Campus Overview is offered as a creative means
More informationPhotography (PHOT) Courses. Photography (PHOT) 1
Photography (PHOT) 1 Photography (PHOT) Courses PHOT 0822. Human Behavior and the Photographic Image. 3 Credit Hours. How do photographs become more than just a pile of disparate images? Is there more
More informationARTH 1100-D404 History and Appreciation of Photography Fall 2017 SYLLABUS. This section is WRITING-INTENSIVE*
ARTH 1100-D404 History and Appreciation of Photography Fall 2017 SYLLABUS This section is WRITING-INTENSIVE* Professor Sandra Cheng Office Hours: Tu/Th 9:00-10:00 am Office: Namm 602B and Mon by appointment
More informationPhotographers in History. Kent Messamore 9/8/2013
Photographers in History Kent Messamore 9/8/2013 Camera Obscura Latin for Dark Room As early as 330 BC it was known that a small hole in a darkened room wall would project an upside down image from the
More informationIn Black and White POINTS TO PONDER: ANSEL ADAMS
In Black and White Some early photographers By Sandra Bent Greater Boston Academy POINTS TO PONDER: Composition Use of light Subject matter Characteristics of work Legacy of art Most well-known work Your
More informationImage Making Ecology Assignment. Kate Brown CMNS325. February 9, Fig 1.
Image Making Ecology Assignment Kate Brown 301098490 CMNS325 February 9, 2011 Fig 1. Raoul Hausmann was one of the primary thinkers of the dada movement in Berlin (Biro, 26). Much of his work was within
More informationEdward Weston is widely known for his classical approach to photography. He
Permanent Collection work: Edward Weston Nude, 1936 gelatin silver print Helen Johnston Collection, Focus Gallery Collection 6.63.1989 Essay written by student, Alicia Cave, Spring 2001 Alicia Cave History
More informationAlternative Processes Digitally Expressed
Alternative Processes Digitally Expressed Presented by Susan Lawless on 12/12/2017 I have been slowly working on several alternative processes sepia toning, infrared, pop, platinum printing, cyanotype,
More informationA STEREOSCOPIC MASTERPIECE EXPLORING THE LIFE AND WORK OF LEADING VICTORIAN PHOTOGRAPHER, GEORGE WASHINGTON WILSON
PRESS RELEASE GEORGE WASHINGTON WILSON Artist and Photographer (1823-93) By Roger Taylor Introduction by Brian May Publishes on 15 August 2018, 30 www.londonstereo.com A STEREOSCOPIC MASTERPIECE EXPLORING
More informationExhibits and Galleries.
1964: Photography When the Eastman Kodak Company, in 1963, introduced its revolutionary Instamatic system of film cartridges and cameras, the photography industry immediately predicted that the simplicity
More informationOf all artistic subjects, the landscape
Of all artistic subjects, the landscape presents a perfect compass of photography s attributes. The mirror of nature shows us reality in all its glory, and through its pictures we can stop and applaud
More informationVisual Studies (VS) Courses. Visual Studies (VS) 1
Visual Studies (VS) 1 Visual Studies (VS) Courses VS 1058. Visual Studies 1: Interdisciplinary Studio Seminar 1. 3 Credit Hours. This introductory studio seminar introduces students to the concept of art
More informationAdvanced Digital Art & Photography
Advanced Digital Art & Photography COURSE SYLLABUS Instructor: Mr. Kannofsky / jkannofsky@animo.org Website: http://www.animoart.org/digitalphoto Introduction The Advanced Digital Art & Photography course
More informationPhotography PreTest Boyer Valley Mallory
Photography PreTest Boyer Valley Mallory Matching- Elements of Design 1) three-dimensional shapes, expressing length, width, and depth. Balls, cylinders, boxes and triangles are forms. 2) a mark with greater
More informationEXHIBITION EXPLORES PAUL STRAND S MODERNIST VISION AND ITS IMPACT ON AMERICAN PHOTOGRAPHY Part of the Getty s American Visions Series
DATE: April 27, 2005 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE EXHIBITION EXPLORES PAUL STRAND S MODERNIST VISION AND ITS IMPACT ON AMERICAN PHOTOGRAPHY Part of the Getty s American Visions Series Three Roads Taken: The Photographs
More informationHot or Cold? Warm Colors: Yellow, Orange, Red (excitement) Cool Colors: Green, Blue, Violet (calmness)
Art Basics The Color Wheel Primary Colors: a group of colors from which all other colors can be obtained by mixing. Ex: Yellow, Red, and Blue Secondary Colors: a color resulting from the mixing of two
More informationMoMA. Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.) The Museum of Modern Art. Author. Date. Publisher.
Photo eye of the 20's : an exhibition prepared in collaboration with George Eastman House, June 4-September 8 Author Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.) Date 1970 Publisher The Museum of Modern Art Exhibition
More informationA brief history of Communication
A brief history of Communication Can you imagine life without your blackberry, facebook, mixit or twitter??? Did you ever wonder how communication began or how it originated? Communication has changed
More informationIconic Photographers
Iconic Photographers This area is REALLY important and will directly affect the standard and quality of your Higher. By understanding the subject and working methods of iconic photographers who are either
More informationLight sensitive chemicals. Early Remote Sensing. History of Remote Sensing
History of Remote Sensing Early Remote Sensing Thanks to Jim Campbell for many of these slides! The term remote sensing was coined ~1960. Previously, aerial photography was the primary term, but the history
More informationPHOTOGRAPHY THE GROUNDBREAKING MOMENTS
PHOTOGRAPHY THE GROUNDBREAKING MOMENTS PHOTOGRAPHY THE GROUNDBREAKING MOMENTS FLORIAN HEINE PRESTEL Munich London New York Before Photography Invention Of Photography Portraits Landscapes Still Lifes
More informationApplications of Optics
Nicholas J. Giordano www.cengage.com/physics/giordano Chapter 26 Applications of Optics Marilyn Akins, PhD Broome Community College Applications of Optics Many devices are based on the principles of optics
More informationPhotography -A Moment Preserved- Splash of a Milk Drop by H.E Edgerton
Photography -A Moment Preserved- Splash of a Milk Drop by H.E Edgerton Camera Obscura- How light bends The first photograph circa 1826 by Joseph Niepce, inventor of the Obscura Box. Some thoughts on Photography
More informationPOP ART EXHIBITION 2018
Pop art started with the New York artists Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, James Rosenquist, and Claes Oldenburg, all of whom drew on popular imagery and were actually part of an international phenomenon.
More informationTHE DEVELOPMENT OF A PHOTOGRAPHIC AESTHETIC
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PHOTOGRAPHIC AESTHETIC Rutherford Abstract The development of an indigenous photographic aesthetic was the result of four factors: our changing assumptions about the nature or range
More informationWhere Vision and Silicon Meet
History and Future of Electronic Color Photography: Where Vision and Silicon Meet Richard F. Lyon Chief Scientist Foveon, Inc. UC Berkeley Photography class of Prof. Brian Barksy February 20, 2004 Color
More informationSpiral3. 3 3Name Date. Sorting Greek Roots
WordStudy Vocabulary autograph graphic graphite photocopier photograph photographer Spiral3 UNIT 26 Reproducible Tools, Activities, & Home Connections headphones photosynthesis Name Date Sorting Greek
More informationHistory and Future of Electronic Color Photography: Where Vision and Silicon Meet
History and Future of Electronic Color Photography: Where Vision and Silicon Meet Richard F. Lyon Chief Scientist Foveon, Inc. UC Berkeley Photography class of Prof. Brian Barksy February 20, 2004 Color
More informationHistory Of Photography
History Of Photography Camera Obscura The name Camera is derived from camera obscura, Latin for "dark chamber. May have been discovered by the Chinese in the 4th century. The earliest ones were the size
More informationSouthwest Landscape, History and Architecture: Classic Views
Southwest Landscape, History and Architecture: Classic Views 1874-1954 Andrew Smith Gallery at 122 Grant Ave, Santa Fe, NM, celebrates mid-summer with a special exhibition of important historic and classic
More informationPhysFest. Holography. Overview
PhysFest Holography Holography (from the Greek, holos whole + graphe writing) is the science of producing holograms, an advanced form of photography that allows an image to be recorded in three dimensions.
More informationThe Past and Present in Photographs
This project was made possible through the Institute of Museum and Library Services National Leadership Grant for Museum and Library Collaboration The Past and Present in Photographs This activity complements
More informationspatial manipulation device
spatial manipulation device EMPHASIS ON ARCHITECTONIC space light motion modulators laszlo moholy-nagy Hungarian; he was the teacher of Kepes, also a Hungarian the aviator suit; the artist as mechanic
More informationPHOTOGRAPHY TERMS. Cibachrome Print AKA Ilfochrome- A Cibachrome print is noted for rich color, brilliant clarity and
PHOTOGRAPHY TERMS Albumen print - Albumen printing is a positive process using egg whites in the emulsion. It was introduced in 1850 by L.D. Blanquart-Evrard and was in wide use until 1900. Albumen prints
More informationARH (Spring 2017): History of Photography T/R 11:00 a.m. 12:15 p.m. in Cone 107 (WAM)
George Dimock g_dimock@uncg.edu 227 Cone Building Office hours by appointment ARH 350-01 (Spring 2017): History of Photography T/R 11:00 a.m. 12:15 p.m. in Cone 107 (WAM) This is an advanced undergraduate
More informationA New History Of Photography PDF
A New History Of Photography PDF One can only imagine the amazement felt by L.J.M. Daguerre, when, in the summer of 1839, he gazed upon the first photograph ever made. An image of the view from his Paris
More informationCommunication Graphics Basic Vocabulary
Communication Graphics Basic Vocabulary Aperture: The size of the lens opening through which light passes, commonly known as f-stop. The aperture controls the volume of light that is allowed to reach the
More information"Making Sense of Documentary Photography"
"Making Sense of Documentary Photography" By James Curtis (from the Making Sense of Evidence series on History Matters: The U.S. Survey on the Web, located at http://historymatters.gmu.edu) Alexander Gardner,
More informationFA: Fine Arts. FA 030 FINE ARTS TRANSFER 1.5 credits. FA 040 FINE ARTS TRANSFER 1.5 credits. FA 050 FINE ARTS TRANSFER CREDIT 3 credits
FA: Fine Arts FA 030 FINE ARTS TRANSFER 1.5 credits FA 040 FINE ARTS TRANSFER 1.5 credits FA 050 FINE ARTS TRANSFER CREDIT 3 credits FA 060 FINE ARTS TRANSFER CREDIT 3 credits FA 101 Painting For students
More informationMegapixels and more. The basics of image processing in digital cameras. Construction of a digital camera
Megapixels and more The basics of image processing in digital cameras Photography is a technique of preserving pictures with the help of light. The first durable photograph was made by Nicephor Niepce
More informationNative American Heritage Day: Friday, November 25, 2016 Printmaking Honoring history and story through symbolism
A Partnership Between: Lesson 3 Native American Heritage Day: Friday, November 25, 2016 Printmaking Honoring history and story through symbolism What do traditions, symbolism and ritual tell about a specific
More informationFINE ARTS (FA) Explanation of Course Numbers
FINE ARTS (FA) Explanation of Course Numbers Courses in the 1000s are primarily introductory undergraduate courses Those in the 2000s to 4000s are upper-division undergraduate courses that can also be
More information