IMPROVEMENT OF SHEAR STRENGTH OF SOIL USING BITUMEN EMULSION
|
|
- Violet Craig
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 216, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_7_6_17 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication IMPROVEMENT OF SHEAR STRENGTH OF USING BITUMEN EMULSION R. Deby Linsha, Y. Preethy Dharanya, V. Vinodhini and C. Pavithra Assistant Professor, Vel Tech, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India ABSTRACT Soil is one of the nature s most abundant construction materials. Almost all type of construction is built with or upon the soil. If the sub grade is not enough good the whole structure will face failure such as cracks. Therefore the sub grade is normally replaced with stronger soil material so as to improve the strength but this is not economical. In this project the strength of soil is increased by adding bituminous emulsion instead of replacing with stronger soil. The initial strength of the soil is determined by conducting soil tests such as sieve analysis, plastic limit, liquid limit, shrinkage limit, Modified proctor compaction test and California bearing ratio tests. The results obtained are then compared with the soil treated with 1%, 2% and 25% of bitumen emulsion. Key words: bitumen, bituminous emulsion, shear strength, soil stabilisation. Cite this Article: R. Deby Linsha, Y. Preethy Dharanya, V. Vinodhini and C. Pavithra, Improvement of Shear Strength of Soil Using Bitumen Emulsion. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(6), 216, pp INTRODUCTION The foundation is very important and has to be strong enough to support the entire structure. In order for the foundation to be strong, the soil around it plays a very critical role. So we need to have proper knowledge about their properties and factors which affect their behaviour to work with soil. The process of soil stabilisation helps to achieve the required properties in a soil needed for the type of construction work. In this thesis, the strength of the soil is improved by using bituminous emulsion. Bitumen emulsion is a mixture of water & bitumen. As bitumen is an oil product it cannot be mixed with water. Hence an emulsifier (a surface active agent) is added with water before bitumen. Addition of emulsifier with water before adding bitumen into minute particles and keeps it dispersed in suspension. The term emulsion means that dispersion of small droplets of one liquid in another liquid. Types of emulsion are oil in-water (continuous phase is water and the disperse phase is an oily) and water-in-oil (continuous phase is an oil and the disperse phase is water). Here the emulsifier is used as kerosene with water. Initially the properties of soil are determined by using conducting sieve analysis, plastic limit, liquid limit, specific gravity and shrinkage limit. The strength of soil is determined by modified proctor compaction test and California bearing ratio tests and the results are compared with the soil after treated with bituminous emulsion editor@iaeme.com
2 R. Deby Linsha, Y. Preethy Dharanya, V. Vinodhini and C. Pavithra 1.1. Objective Verdict the variation of strength in the soils by using the bitumen emulsion performance (different proportions) applied and determining the variation in properties of soil. 2. METHODOLOGY Methodology involves collection of soil sample (laterite soil) from the site (Avadi lake), study of soil properties by conducting tests (particle sieve analysis, Atterberg s limits, direct shear tests, relative density, unconfined compression test, California bearing ratio, modified proctor compaction, specific gravity), addition of bitumen Emulsion to the soil at different proportions, testing of bitumen emulsion added soil and comparison of test results. The methodology of this study is given in the following flow chart. Figure 1 Methodology Chart 3. MATERIALS AND PROCEDURE The materials used in this project are collected soil sample (laterite soil), bitumen and kerosene Physical Properties of Bitumen Adhesion: Bitumen has the ability to adhere to a solid surface in a fluid state depending on the nature of the surface. The presence of water on the surface will prevent adhesion. Resistance to Water: Bitumen is water resistant. Under some conditions water may be absorbed by minute quantities of inorganic salts in the bitumen or filler in it. Hardness: To measure the hardness of bitumen, the penetration test is conducted, which measures the depth of penetration in tenths of mm. of a weighted needle in bitumen after a given time, at a known temperature. Commonly a weight of 1gm is applied for 5 sec at a temperature of 77 F. The penetration is a measure of hardness. Typical results are 1 for hard coating asphalt, 15 to 4 for roofing asphalt and up to 1 or more for water proofing bitumen editor@iaeme.com
3 Improvement of Shear Strength of Soil Using Bitumen Emulsion Viscosity and Flow: The viscous or flow properties of bitumen are of importance both at high temperature during processing and application and at low temperature to which bitumen is subjected during service. The flow properties of bitumen s vary considerably with temperature and stress conditions. Deterioration, or loss of the desirable properties of bitumen, takes the form of hardening. Resultantly, decrease in adhesive and flow properties and an increase in the softening point temperature and coefficient of thermal expansion. Softening point: Softening point is the temperature at which a steel ball falls a known distance through the bitumen when the test assembly is heated at a known rate. Usually the test consist of a (3/8)in dia steel ball, weight 3.5 gm, which is allowed to sink through a (5/8) in dia, (1/4) in thick disk of bitumen in a brass ring. The whole assembly is heated at a rate of 9 F per min. Typical values would be 24 F for coating grade asphalts, 14 F to 22 F for roofing asphalt and down to 115 F for bituminous water proofing material. Ductility: Ductility test is conducted to determine the amount bitumen will stretch at temperature below its softening point. A briquette having a cross sectional area of 1 in2 is placed in a tester at 77 F. Ductility values ranges from to over 15 depending on the type of bitumen Chemical Properties of Bitumen Molecular weight wise, bitumen is a mixture of about 3-2 chemical components, with an average of around 5-7. Elementally, it is around 95% carbon and hydrogen (± 87% carbon and ± 8% hydrogen), and up to 5% sulphur, 1% nitrogen, 1% oxygen and 2ppm metals Dry Sieve Analysis A gradation test is a practice used to assess the particle size distribution of a granular material. The standard grain size analysis test determines the relative proportions of different grain sizes as they are distributed among certain size ranges. With the details obtained from grain size distribution curves, to determine the suitability of soil for different field of construction. Here it is concluded that the soil sample collected is well graded soil. S.No IS sieve size in mm Table 1 Dry Sieve Analysis Retain % weight Cum weight Pass % pan Mix Proportion The soil sample is made into a mixture bitumen emulsified soil by adding bitumen and bitumen emulsifier. In this study kerosene is used as a bitumen emulsifier. The various proportions are prepared with 1%, 2% and 25 % of bitumen emulsion mixed to the soil sample editor@iaeme.com
4 R. Deby Linsha, Y. Preethy Dharanya, V. Vinodhini and C. Pavithra 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The characteristic study on the collected soil sample was conducted previously and then the respective tests are conducted for the bitumen emulsion mixed soil sample of three different proportions. The test results are compared and given below Specific Gravity Test Specific gravity is defined as the ration of the weight of a given volume of soil solids at a given temperature to the weight of an equal volume of distilled water at that temperature, both weights being taken in air. The Indian standards specify 27 o C as the standard temperature for reporting the specific gravity. This test is to determine the specific gravity of soil grains. Table 2 Specific gravity test S.No Sample Specific gravity 1 Normal soil sample Soil with 1% bitumen emulsion Soil with 2% bitumen emulsion Soil with 25% bitumen emulsion Specific Gravity Specific Gravity Test Normal soil 1% 2% 25% Bitumen Range insoil Sample Figure 1 Graph of Specific gravity Test 4.2. Liquid Limit Liquid limit is defined as the minimum water content at which the soil is still in the liquid state but has a small shearing strength against flowing which can be measured by standard available means or weight of the soil, at the boundary between the liquid and plastic states of consistency. The moisture content at this boundary is arbitrarily defined as the water content at which two halves of a soil cake will flow together, for distance of 12.7 mm along the bottom of a groove of standard dimensions separating the two halves, when the cup of standard liquid limit apparatus is dropped 25 times from a height of 1 mm at the rate of two drops/second. The liquid limit test is conducted on the various soil samples and the results are tabulated below editor@iaeme.com
5 Improvement of Shear Strength of Soil Using Bitumen Emulsion Table 3 Liquid Limit Test S.No Sample Liquid limit (%) 1 Normal soil sample Soil with 1% bitumen emulsion Soil with 2% bitumen emulsion Soil with 25% bitumen emulsion LIQUID LIMIT TEST 2 Liquid Limit Normal soil 1% 2% 25% Bitumen Range insoil Sample Figure 2 Graph of Liquid Limit Test 4.3. Plastic Limit Plastic limit refers to the minimum water content at which soil will just begin to crumble when rolled into a thread approximately 3mm in diameter using a ground glass plate or other acceptable surface. It is the water content corresponding to an arbitrary limit between plastic and semisolid states of consistency of soils. The plastic limit test is conducted on the various soil samples and the results are tabulated below. Table 4 Plastic Limit S.No Sample Plastic limit (%) 1 Normal soil sample Soil with 1% bitumen emulsion Soil with 2% bitumen emulsion Soil with 25% bitumen emulsion editor@iaeme.com
6 R. Deby Linsha, Y. Preethy Dharanya, V. Vinodhini and C. Pavithra Plastic limit 3.% 25.% 2.% 15.% 1.% 5.%.% PLASTIC LIMIT 1% 2% 25% Bitumen Range in Soil Sample Figure 3 Graph of Plastic Limit 4.4. Standard Proctor Test From the Standard proctor test we are examining that the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density of the soil sample. Table 5 Standard Proctor Test S.No Sample Maximum dry density(g/cc) 1 Normal soil sample Soil with 1% bitumen emulsion Soil with 2% bitumen emulsion Soil with 25% bitumen emulsion SPT % 2% 25% MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY Figure 4 Graph of Standard Proctor Test editor@iaeme.com
7 Improvement of Shear Strength of Soil Using Bitumen Emulsion 4.5. Relative Density To determine the relative density of the soil samples with different proportions. Table 6 Relative Density S.No Sample Relative density (%) 1 Normal soil sample Soil with 1% bitumen emulsion Soil with 2% bitumen emulsion Soil with 25% bitumen emulsion RELATIVE DENSITY 1% 2% 25% RELATIVE DENSITY Figure 5 Graph of Relative Density 4.6. Unconfined Compression Test This test is to determine the shear parameters of the soil. Table 7 Unconfined Compression Test S.No Sample Unconfined compression strength(n/ ) 1 Normal soil sample 43 2 Soil with 1% bitumen emulsion 75 3 Soil with 2% bitumen emulsion Soil with 25% bitumen emulsion editor@iaeme.com
8 R. Deby Linsha, Y. Preethy Dharanya, V. Vinodhini and C. Pavithra UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEST 1% 2% 25% COMPRESSION STRENGTH 4.7. Direct Shear Test To determine the shear strength of the soil sample. Figure 6 Graph of Unconfined Compression Test Table 8 Direct Shear Test S.No Sample Shear strength(kg/ ) 1 Normal soil sample Soil with 1% bitumen emulsion.85 3 Soil with 2% bitumen emulsion.5 4 Soil with 25% bitumen emulsion DIRECT SHEAR TEST 1% 2% 25% SHEAR STRENGTH Figure 7 Graph of Direct Shear Test editor@iaeme.com
9 Improvement of Shear Strength of Soil Using Bitumen Emulsion 4.8. California Bearing Ratio Test To determine the California Bearing Ratio by conducting load penetration test. Table 9 California Bearing Ratio Test S.No Sample 2.5 mm 5mm 1 Normal soil sample Soil with 1% bitumen emulsion Soil with 2% bitumen emulsion Soil with 25% bitumen emulsion CBR 1% 2% 25% 2.5 mm 5 mm Figure 8 California Bearing Ratio Test 5. CONCLUSION This study made a comprehensive examination of the effectiveness of soils on the performance of bitumen emulsion. The characteristics of soil sample were known from the tests conducted and the similar tests are conducted for the soil sample mixed with three different proportions of bitumen emulsion (1%, 2% and 25%). Test result indicate that with the increase of bitumen emulsion in the soil sample till 1% proportion ratio the soil strength is increased and after certain percentages ( 2% and 3%) its getting decrease. The results are shown that the strength of the soil is good when 1 % bitumen emulsion is added. REFERENCE [1] Justyna Mrugala (24)-Soil Stabilisation with Foamed Bitumen. [2] E.Kowalski and Dale W.Starry, Jr.Wirtgen America,Inc.,(27)Modern Soil Stabilization Techniques editor@iaeme.com
10 R. Deby Linsha, Y. Preethy Dharanya, V. Vinodhini and C. Pavithra [3] Maheswari G. Bismal and Ravikumar Badiger (July 215)Study On Stabilization Of Soil Using Sea Shell And Bitumen Emulsion. [4] K. Prashanth Kumar (October 214) Stabilization of Soil Using Bituminous Emulsions. [5] Tridib Goswami (May 214) A Laboratory Study on Use Of Bitumen Emulsion In Gravel Road. [6] SK. Wasim Anwar, Experimental Investigations on Mar shall and Modified Marshall Specimens by using Neat Bitumen. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 7(5), 216, pp [7] Talaat Abde-Wahed and Hassan Al Nageim, Investigating the Effects of Cement and Cement Kiln Dust as a Filler on the Mechanical Properties of Cold Bituminous Emulsion Mixtures. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 7 (1), 216, pp editor@iaeme.com
Pavement materials: Bitumen
Pavement materials: Bitumen Lecture Notes in Transportation Systems Engineering Prof. Tom V. Mathew Contents 1 Overview 1 1.1 Production of Bitumen............................... 2 1.2 Vacuum steam distillation
More informationIJSER. Experimental Investigation of Increase The Strength of Bitumen By Using Plastic
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 4, April-2016 43 Experimental Investigation of Increase The Strength of Bitumen By Using Plastic T.Sulochana 1, C.Ashokraj 2,
More informationSTUDY OF PERFORMANCE OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE WITH ADDITION OF COIR/COCONUT FIBER
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2017, pp. 1793 1799, Article ID: IJMET_08_07_198 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=8&itype=7
More informationDESIGN OF POLYESTER (RECRON-3S) FIBER REINFORCED FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2017, pp. 1231 1237 Article ID: IJCIET_08_04_138 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=8&itype=4
More informationSTABILIZATION OF SANDY SOIL WITH USE OF BITUMEN EMULSION
STABILIZATION OF SANDY SOIL WITH USE OF BITUMEN EMULSION Prof. Rajesh Jain 1, Tarun Namdeo 2 1Associate Professor, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur 2ME Scholar, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur.
More informationPERFORMANCE EVOLUTION OF BITUMUNOUS MIXES USING COIR GEOTEXTILES
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 4, April 217, pp. 168 173 Article ID: IJCIET_8_4_12 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=8&itype=4
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET)
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET) International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 ISSN 0976 6308 (Print) ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume
More informationEXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED BITUMINOUS MIXES USING CRUMB-RUBBER
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED BITUMINOUS MIXES USING CRUMB-RUBBER Nimisha P. R. 1, Muhammed shahid P. T. 2, Krishna priya K. U. 3, Muhnis Mohammed 4, Raveena Jobbi 5 IES College of
More informationAn Experimental Study on Effect of Scrap Tyre Crumbed Rubber on 80/100 Grade Bitumen
IJIRST International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology Volume 2 Issue 9 February 21 ISSN (online): 2349-1 An Experimental Study on Effect of Scrap Tyre Crumbed Rubber on 8/1 Grade
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF WASTE TYRE RUBBER ON 60/70 GRADE BITUMEN
Int. J. Struct. & Civil Engg. Res. 2014 Mohammed Sadeque and K A Patil, 2014 Research Paper ISSN 2319 6009 www.ijscer.com Vol. 3, No. 1, February 2014 2014 IJSCER. All Rights Reserved AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
More informationIMPROVEMENT OF BITUMEN PERFORMANCE USING CRUMB RUBBER AND RECYCLED GLASS POWDER
IMPROVEMENT OF BITUMEN PERFORMANCE USING CRUMB RUBBER AND RECYCLED GLASS POWDER K. S. Dhivya 1, P.Vidhubala 2, S. Rajalakshmi 3, S. Viramathithan 4 1,2Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
More informationCharacterisation of Bituminous Mix Using River Bed Materials
ISSN (Online) : 975- Characterisation of Bituminous Mix Using River Bed Materials Manoj K. Sahis 1, Dipesh Majumdar, Partha P.Biswas 3, Sourav Halder, Agnimitra Sengupta 5 Department of Construction Engineering
More informationEFFECT OF GRADATION OF AGGREGATES ON MARSHALL PROPERTIES OF SDBC MIX DESIGN
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eissn: 23191163 pissn: 23217308 EFFECT OF GRADATION OF AGGREGATES ON MARSHALL PROPERTIES OF SDBC MIX DESIGN Deepesh Kumar Singh Lodhi
More informationToner Modified Bitumen-A better method of disposal of spent Toner
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 2278-067X, p-issn: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 10, Issue 3 (March 2014), PP.67-72 Toner Modified Bitumen-A better method of disposal
More informationShape Analysis of Bituminous Mixes With SBR
100 90.45 73.2 66.21 47.36 34.57 18.67 13.67 10 7.32 25 mm 19 mm. 12.5 mm. 10 mm. 4.75 mm. 2.36 mm. 0.6 mm. 0.3 mm. 0.15 mm. 0.075 mm International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn
More informationThe Shell Bitumen Handbook
The Shell Bitumen Handbook Sixth edition Principal aufhors Dr Robert N. Hunter, Andy Self and Professor John Read Shell Bitumen Contents About the principal authors Foreword Acknowledgements xii xiv xv
More informationEFFECT OF MIXING VARIABLES ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED BITUMEN USING NATURAL RUBBER LATEX
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 7, July 2018, pp. 1812 1821, Article ID: IJCIET_09_07_193 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=9&itype=7
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF WASTE TYRES IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF WASTE TYRES IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION M. Shreka Vanmathi 1, S. Santosh kumar 2, S.K. Udhaya Sankar 3, P. Shanmuga Priya 4, J. Arulraj Christadoss 5 1,2,3,4UG Student, Department of
More informationUtilization of Coconut Shell in Dense Bituminous Macadam with Hydrated Lime as a Filler Material
RESEARCH ARTICLE Utilization of Coconut Shell in Dense Bituminous Macadam with Hydrated Lime as a Filler Material I. INTRODUCTION Thejaswini K.L, Ms. Melitia D mello IV sem MTECH, Professor, Dept of Civil
More informationEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF STONE MASTIC ASPHALT BY VARYING MIX DESIGN
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF STONE MASTIC ASPHALT BY VARYING MIX DESIGN Prerana C Shekar 1, Rajath B H 2, J S Vishwas 3 1,2 Under Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, PES University, Bengaluru,
More informationStudy of Effects of Waste PVC on the Properties of Bituminous Mixes
Study of Effects of Waste PVC on the Properties of Bituminous Mixes H. M. Rasel 1*, M. N. Rahman 2 and T. U. Ahmed 3 ABSTRACT Waste PVC that has been used previously as mineral water bottles, pipes, electrical
More informationSKIN FRICTION OF PILES COATED WITH BITUMINOUS COATS Makarand G. Khare 1 and Shailesh R. Gandhi 2
SKIN FRICTION OF PILES COATED WITH BITUMINOUS COATS Makarand G. Khare 1 and Shailesh R. Gandhi 2 1 Ph.D Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Tech. Madras, Chennai, India-600036 Email:
More informationAnalysis of Effects of High-Density and Low-Density Polyethylene Wastes on Bitumen for Highway Construction
Analysis of Effects of High-Density and Low-Density Polyethylene Wastes on Bitumen for Highway Construction Amit Kumar Sarkar Department of Civil Engineering, College of Technology, Pantnagar, G.B. Pant
More informationAccreditation No: LAB 129
Issue : 10/08/15 Accreditation No: Awarded to RESOURCE INSPECTION CANADA INCORPORATED CO. (Construction Material Testing Laboratory and Calibration Laboratory) Office 44, Building 2126, Road 1529, Block
More informationPerformance Evaluation Of Recycled Bitumen Before And After The Addition Of Plastic Waste
Performance Evaluation Of Recycled Bitumen Before And After The Addition Of Plastic Waste Prasad. B 1, Varun. K 2, Ashok. A 3, Ganesh. R 4 1-Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department, MRITS, Secunderabad,
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET) GRADING SYSTEM IN PAVING BITUMEN AN INDIAN SCENARIO
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET) International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 6308 ISSN 0976 6308 (Print) ISSN 0976 6316(Online) Volume
More informationGround Tire Chips Influence on the Rheological Properties of Grade 60/70 Bitumen used in Flexible Road Pavements
Ground Tire Chips Influence on the Rheological Properties of Grade 60/70 Bitumen used in Flexible Road Pavements Igwe, E. A. Department of Civil Engineering Rivers State University of Science and Technology
More informationScienceDirect. Stabilization of Clay with Waste Soda Lime Glass Powder
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 161 (2016 ) 600 605 World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium 2016, WMCAUS 2016 Stabilization
More informationSeal Coats and Surface Treatments Fred J. Benson, Dean of Engineering A. and M. College of Texas College Station, Texas The construction, as here
Seal Coats and Surface Treatments Fred J. Benson, Dean of Engineering A. and M. College of Texas College Station, Texas The construction, as here discussed, consists of an application of bituminous material
More informationThe properties that are generally required in molding materials are:
Molding Sand Molding sands may be of two types namely natural or synthetic. Natural molding sands contain sufficient binder. Whereas synthetic molding sands are prepared artificially using basic sand molding
More informationPart 1. Introduction
Part 1 Introduction Surface course, usually max 40mm thick Binder course, usually max 60mm thick Base, thickness designed and depends on anticipated traffic loadings, up to 300mm thick Terminology Sub-base,
More informationAIR-RECTIFIED BITUMNEN
Bitumen Glossary A AIR BLOWING The process by which compressed air is blown into a feedstock, which may include VACUUM RESIDUE, PROPANE-PRECIPITATED ASPHALT mixed with ATMOSPHERIC RESIDUE, and/or a FLUX
More informationSection 914. JOINT AND WATERPROOFING MATERIALS
914.01 Section 914. JOINT AND WATERPROOFING MATERIALS 914.01. General Requirements. Joint and waterproofing material for use in concrete construction must meet the requirements of this section. 914.02.
More informationA Study on Comparison of Plastic Bitumen and Crumb Rubber Bitumen
A Study on Comparison of Plastic Bitumen and Bitumen Abdul Manan 1, Sandeep Singla 2, Manish Kaushal 3 1 Civil Engineering Department, RIMT university, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab Abstract: Plastic and Rubber
More informationAsphalt Emulsion Basics
Asphalt Emulsion Basics National Pavement Preservation Conference Nashville, TN Aug 29, 2012 DELTA BLUES CREDIT Alan James, Akzo Nobel Overview of Asphalt Emulsion TRB Circular E-C102 Moving Asphalt
More informationFibertex AM2 for Stress relieving
C O N S T R U C T I O N 210.02 Fibertex AM2 for Stress relieving C O N S T R Fibertex AM2 for Stress relieving To avoid reflective cracking of new asphalt To protect the subsoil from water intrusion and
More informationUse of Processed Tear-off Roof Shingles to Improve Performance of Roadbase Materials
Use of Processed Tear-off Roof Shingles to Improve Performance of Roadbase Materials Narayan Shrestha 1, Medhat Shehata 1, Said Easa 1, Stephen Senior 2, Chris Rogers 2 and Ryan Essex 3 1 Department of
More informationADHEBIT Adhesion Promoters
ADHEBIT Adhesion Promoters A new generation of adhesion promoters that combines superior coating and exceptional workability with immediate commercial saving The life of an asphalt pavement depends basically
More informationEXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF BITUMEN BY RECYCLED RUBBER FROM TYRE ON ASPHALT PAVEMENT
This work by IJARBEST is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Available at https://www.ijarbest.com EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF BITUMEN BY RECYCLED RUBBER
More informationVIBRATIONAL TESTING OF A FULL-SCALE PILE GROUP IN SOFT CLAY
VIBRATIONAL TESTING OF A FULL-SCALE PILE GROUP IN SOFT CLAY Marvin W HALLING 1, Kevin C WOMACK 2, Ikhsan MUHAMMAD 3 And Kyle M ROLLINS 4 SUMMARY A 3 x 3 pile group and pile cap were constructed in a soft
More informationDS-CD-01 Rev 3
Coalescers OVERVIEW There are numerous industrial applications requiring effective physical separation of two process liquids. HAT has developed a number of AlphaSEP Coalescers to handle a wide range of
More informationSANS 3001-BSM3:201X Edition 1
ISBN 978-0-626-XXXXXX SANS 3001-BSM3:201X SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Civil engineering test methods Part BSM3: Vibratory hammer compaction of test specimens of bitumen stabilized material WARNING
More informationBUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS. Draft Indian Standard TWO COMPONENTS HIGH BUILD EPOXY MICACIOUS IRON OXIDE (MIO) PIGMENTED INTERMEDIATE COAT SPECIFICATION
FOR BIS USE ONLY DOC:CHD 20 (1932)C December 2012 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Draft Indian Standard TWO COMPONENTS HIGH BUILD EPOXY MICACIOUS IRON OXIDE (MIO) PIGMENTED INTERMEDIATE COAT SPECIFICATION (Not
More informationIndex Terms: Lathe waste concrete; Shear and bending; Shear strength; Stirrups; Simply supported beams.
TASC- 15, 1-11 June 15 Effect of Lathe Waste in Concrete as Reinforcement Prof. Kumaran M 1,Nithi M. 2, Reshma, K. R. 3 Civil Engineering 1, Professor1, Universal Engineering College, Thrissur, Kerala,
More informationDMS-8220, Hot Applied Thermoplastic
Overview Effective Date: August 2004 August 2007 (refer to 'Archived Versions' for previous versions). This Specification governs for the materials, composition, quality, sampling, and testing of thermoplastic
More informationENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF WARM MIX ASPHALT USING EMULSION AS AN ADDITIVE
ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF WARM MIX ASPHALT USING EMULSION AS AN ADDITIVE A project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of technology In Civil Engineering By
More informationExperimental Evaluation of Metal Composite Multi Bolt Radial Joint on Laminate Level, under uni Axial Tensile Loading
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Experimental Evaluation of Metal Composite Multi Bolt Radial Joint on Laminate Level, under uni Axial Tensile Loading C Sharada Prabhakar *, P Rameshbabu** *Scientist, Advanced
More informationTALL OIL PITCH AS BITUMEN EXTENDER
236 TALL OIL PITCH AS BITUMEN EXTENDER G.F.A.BALL, P.A.HERRINGTON, and J.E.PATRICK Works Consultancy Services Ltd, Central Laboratories, P.O.Box 30-845, Lower Hutt, New Zealand (Received for publication
More informationA5EE-337 DURABILITY OF A BITUMEN IN A HOT MIX ASPHALT: CONSEQUENCES OF OVER-HEATING AT THE MIXING PLANT
A5EE-337 DURABILITY OF A BITUMEN IN A HOT MIX ASPHALT: CONSEQUENCES OF OVER-HEATING AT THE MIXING PLANT Carole Gueit, Michel Robert Colas Campus for Sciences and Techniques, Road Chemistry service, Magny-les-Hameaux,
More informationManufacture of Cast Products
Manufacture of Cast Products When a layer of rubber is deposited on the interior surface of a hollow mould, it is known as casting. The latex products obtained by the casting process are hollow and toys,
More informationTANGENTIAL STRESS FACTOR COMPUTATION IN POINT MOUNTED STRUCTURAL GLASS
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 8, August 2017, pp. 833 840, Article ID: IJCIET_08_08_086 Available online at http://http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=8&itype=8
More informationMakrolon Solid Polycarbonate Sheets
1. General remarks Tools sheets can be machined using the standard tools commonly used for metal and woodworking. We recommend carbide-tipped tools. Above all, it is important to use sharp cutting tools
More information(( Manufacturing )) Fig. (1): Some casting with large or complicated shape manufactured by sand casting.
(( Manufacturing )) Expendable Mold Casting Processes: Types of expendable mold casting are: 1 ) Sand casting. 2 ) Shell molding. 3 ) Vacuum molding. 4 ) Investment casting. 5 ) Expanded polystyrene process.
More informationITH WASTE TYRE. addresses: shredded waste tyre which varied fro
EVALUATION OF PROPER RTIES OF BITUMEN MODIFIED WI ITH WASTE O.. J. Oyedepo 1, *, S. D. Oluwajana 2 Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH) Vol. 33. No. 1, January 214, pp. 119-124 Copyright Faculty of
More informationTITLE: BEHAVIOUR OF FERROCEMENT COLUMNS WITH DIFFERENT LOCATION OF MESH LAYERS
TITLE: BEHAVIOUR OF FERROCEMENT COLUMNS WITH DIFFERENT LOCATION OF MESH LAYERS Hiralal Pawar 1 1 Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering, Matoshree College of Engineering and Research Center, Maharashtra,
More informationSoils for civil engineering purposes
BRITISH STANDARD BS 1377-4: 1990 Incorporating Amendments Nos. 1 and 2 Methods of test for Soils for civil engineering purposes Part 4: Compaction-related tests UDC 624.131.3:631.4:[620.1:624.138] This
More informationMATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT STANDARD FOR COAL TAR MASTIC (COLD APPLIED) ORIGINAL EDITION AUG. 1993
MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT STANDARD FOR COAL TAR MASTIC (COLD APPLIED) ORIGINAL EDITION AUG. 1993 This standard specification is reviewed and updated by the relevant technical committee on May 1999. The approved
More informationEnhancing Skid Resistance of Two-Component Road Marking Paint using Mineral and Recycled Materials
Enhancing Skid Resistance of Two-Component Road Marking Paint using Mineral and Recycled Materials Ali Siyahi 1, Amir Kavussi 2, Amin Mirza Boroujerdian 3 Received: 30/02/2014 Accepted: 12/03/ 2015 Abstract
More informationGlass beads surface dressing test section
Glass beads surface dressing test section O. Franchomme (COLAS SA) 1/ 24 Objective : Build a test section With an idealized texture Based on spherical patterns 2/ 24 Design elements Beads nature should
More informationEvaluating the repercussion of Evotherm J1 as Warm Mix Bond Booster with VG 10 in Mix Design
International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN 2277 4106, P-ISSN 2347 5161 2015 INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Research Article Evaluating
More informationCDC 13 (4228) P 3 Bituminous paint for cold application excluding use in contact with potable water Specification
DRAFT TANZANIA STANDARD CDC 13 (4228) P 3 Bituminous paint for cold application excluding use in contact with potable water Specification TANZANIA BUREAU OF STANDARDS. 1 st edition TBS 2015 0. FOREWORD
More information* TP: +94(0)
6 th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management 2015, Kandy, Sri Lanka, 11 th -13 th December 2015 SECM/15/137 Enhanced Performances for Marshall Properties of Hot Mix
More informationEFFECT OF NATURAL RUBBER ON THE PROPERTIES OF BITUMEN AND BITUMINIOUS MIXES
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET) International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 09 6308 (Print), ISSN 09 6308 (Print) ISSN 09 6316(Online) Volume
More informationA NEW HIGH-FREQUENCY TORSIONAL RHEOMETER FOR BITUMINOUS BINDERS
Performance Testing and Evaluation of Bituminous Materials 59 A NEW HIGH-FREQUENCY TORSIONAL RHEOMETER FOR BITUMINOUS BINDERS Lily D. Poulikakos Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research,
More informationCHAPTER 7 Alpha-Beta Brass. Alpha-Beta Brass also known as duplex brass and Muntz metal is the
120 CHAPTER 7 Alpha-Beta Brass Alpha-Beta Brass also known as duplex brass and Muntz metal is the traditional material which represents commonly the soft engineering alloys. This alloy consists of two
More informationAmerican Institute of Timber Construction 7012 South Revere Parkway Suite 140 Centennial, CO Phone: 303/ Fax: 303/
American Institute of Timber Construction 7012 South Revere Parkway Suite 140 Centennial, CO 80112 Phone: 303/792-9559 Fax: 303/792-0669 404.1. SCOPE STANDARD FOR RADIALLY REINFORCING CURVED GLUED LAMINATED
More informationWood. Wood construction
CEEN 3144 Construction Materials Wood Francisco Aguíñiga Assistant Professor Civil Engineering Program Texas A&M University Kingsville Page 1 Wood construction Page 2 1 Wood construction Page 3 Advantages
More informationUtilization of Waste Plastic in Bitumen
Utilization of Waste Plastic in Bitumen 1. Mrs. M. Mahalakshmi, 2. S. Priyankaprakash, 3. T. Shalini, 4. R. Rajamanickam, 5. K. Ramasamy 1. Assitant Professor, Adhiyamaan College of Engineering Hosur 2,3,4,5.
More informationTHE EFFECT OF MATERIAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ON COMFORT PROPERTIES OF BILAYER MODAL POLYESTER FABRICS
www.ijcrt.org 17 IJCRT Volume 5, Issue 4 October 17 ISSN: 3-88 THE EFFECT OF MATERIAL AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ON COMFORT PROPERTIES OF BILAYER MODAL POLYESTER FABRICS 1 Geetha Margret Soundri, Kavitha.S
More informationModule 3 Selection of Manufacturing Processes
Module 3 Selection of Manufacturing Processes Lecture 4 Design for Sheet Metal Forming Processes Instructional objectives By the end of this lecture, the student will learn the principles of several sheet
More informationCOOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION
CPC D COOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION TEXTILES; PAPER TEXTILES OR FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR D04 BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS,
More informationOffset Inks - Basics
Offset Inks - Basics Lithographic inks are paste inks, The press works the ink, thereby heating it and reducing its viscosity or body, making it flow readily to provide a uniform ink film to the image
More informationResearch Article Volume 6 Issue No. 8
ISSN XXXX XXXX IJESC Research Article Volume Issue No. Experimental Study on Characterization of Bitumen Mixed with Plastic Waste S.Varun, Dr. S. Sreenatha Reddy, S.Madan Mohan, M.Vasudeva Naidu, M.K.
More informationSECTION EXPANSION FITTINGS AND LOOPS FOR HVAC PIPING
SECTION 230516 - EXPANSION FITTINGS AND LOOPS FOR HVAC PIPING PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and
More informationProfile Wrapping. TKH-Technical Briefing Note 6. Industrieverband Klebstoffe e.v. Version: March 2009
TKH-Technical Briefing Note 6 Profile Wrapping Version: March 2009 Published by Technische Kommission Holzklebstoffe (TKH) (Technical Committee on Wood Adhesives) of Industrieverband Klebstoffe e.v. (German
More informationC. For cold-applied tape, the pavement temperature shall be at least 70 F.
SECTION 6100 - PAVEMENT MARKING (THERMOPLASTIC) PART 1 - GENERAL 1.01 SCOPE: This Section covers hot-applied, extruded thermoplastic and cold-applied tape for white and yellow pavement marking. Topics
More informationIMPACT OF REPEATED WASHINGS ON THE THERMAL INSULATION PROPERTIES OF WOVEN COTTON FABRIC
IMPACT OF REPEATED WASHINGS ON THE THERMAL INSULATION Dr. Devanand Uttam* Rahul Sethi** PROPERTIES OF WOVEN COTTON FABRIC Abstract: Clothing is required for protection of body from environmental effect
More informationSturdi-Wall Design Manual for SW46, SW66, SW63, SW64, SW60, SW83, SW84, and SW80 Models
Sturdi-Wall Design Manual for SW46, SW66, SW63, SW64, SW60, SW83, SW84, and SW80 Models Project Number ME086-05 by Brent Leatherman, P.E. Timber Tech Engineering, Inc E-Mail: bl@timbertecheng.com January
More informationEvaluation of In-Pavement Light Fixture Designs and Performance
Evaluation of In-Pavement Light Fixture Designs and Performance Presented to: IES ALC Fall Technology Meeting By: Joseph Breen Date: Background In-Pavement Light Fixture Assemblies Utilize a Circle of
More informationproduct manual H-1050 H-1050_man_1111 Ductility Machine
product manual H-1050 H-1050_man_1111 Ductility Machine General The ductility test is a measure of the distance to which a bituminous material will elongate before breaking when two ends of a standard
More informationSuflex Astra 703/105. Features. Product Description. Suggested Applications VW-1 Rated Mechanical Tubing
VW-1 Rated Mechanical Tubing Temp Class: Class A (105 C) Grades Available: C Material: Polyvinylchloride Tubing Sizes Available: AWG #24 through 2-1/2" I.D. Colors Available: Clear, Black Applicable Standards:
More information4.1. Foremen 4.2. Concrete plant manager 4.3. Concrete plant operator 4.4. Personnel performing saw cutting and joint sealing
10-1. JOINTED PLAIN CONCRETE PAVEMENT GENERAL Summary This work includes constructing jointed plain concrete pavement. Comply with Section 40, "Concrete Pavement," of the Standard Specifications. Submittals
More informationA training course delivered at a company s facility by Matrix Engineering, an approved provider of Bolt Science Training
A training course delivered at a company s facility by Matrix Engineering, an approved provider of Bolt Science Training Following is an outline of the material covered in the training course. Each person
More informationPART MATERIALS. Section Fencing Materials. Description
PART 03000 - MATERIALS Section 03010 - Fencing Materials Description 03010.00 Scope - This section consists of the test requirements, specifications and tolerances for barbed wire, woven wire and chain
More informationRetroreflective Road Markings
Retroreflective Road Markings Road markings: safer mobility by day and night The secret of night time visibility of road markings: glass beads What happens at night Without beads, there is no retroreflection!
More information1. INTRODUCTION 2. REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS. Page -1- Bonding and Grouting
Page -1-1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Scope This specification covers non-shrink and epoxy grouting of structural column base plates and equipment bases, Portland cement grout for minor elements and bonding agents
More informationStudent Sheet. P003S: Making Paint with Minerals
Student Sheet In this practical I will be: Creating egg tempera paints and oil paints from different types of minerals. Evaluating the different paints, looking at various aspects, including: o what colours
More informationEffect of Blending Temperature and Blending Time on Physical Properties of NRL-Modified Bitumen
Effect of Blending Temperature and Blending Time on Physical Properties of NRL-Modified Bitumen Mohd Amin Shafii. 1 Calvin Lai Yew Veng. 1 Nuryantizpura Mohamad Rais. 2 Amminudin Ab Latif. 3 1 Faculty
More informationA training course delivered at a company s facility by Matrix Engineering, an approved provider of Bolt Science Training
A training course delivered at a company s facility by Matrix Engineering, an approved provider of Bolt Science Training Following is an outline of the material covered in the training course. Each person
More informationModule 4 Design for Assembly IIT BOMBAY
Module 4 Design for Assembly Lecture 8 Case Studies - IV Instructional objectives The objective of this lecture is to exhibit how real components are designed in industry following some of the principles
More informationState of the Art in Grout Mixes
State of the Art in Grout Mixes Presented By: James A. Davies, P.Eng. Advanced Construction Techniques Ltd. 3935 Lloydtown Aurora Road Kettleby, Ontario L0G 1J0 Toll Free Telephone: 877-373-7248 Email:
More informationPresented at 24th AEMA Meeting, March 14-16, 1997, Cancun, Mexico
Presented at 24th AEMA Meeting, March 14-16, 1997, Cancun, Mexico Solving Emulsion Viscosity Problems by the Choice of Emulsifier Alan James, Akzo Nobel Chemicals. Abstract Viscosity and settlement are
More informationOIL AND WATER SEPARATION AT ITS BEST
OIL AND WATER SEPARATION AT ITS BEST Looking for faster and more efficient separation of produced water from crude oil as well as increased production? Vessel Internal Electrostatic Coalescers (VIEC) have
More informationSolidification Process(1) - Metal Casting Chapter 9,10
Solidification Process(1) - Metal Casting Chapter 9,10 Seok-min Kim smkim@cau.ac.kr -1- Classification of solidification processes -2- Casting Process in which molten metal flows by gravity or other force
More informationCommonwealth of Pennsylvania PA Test Method No. 517 Department of Transportation October Pages LABORATORY TESTING SECTION. Method of Test for
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania PA Test Method No. 517 Department of Transportation 10 Pages 1. SCOPE LABORATORY TESTING SECTION Method of Test for DETERMINATION OF ACCELERATED POLISH OF COARSE AGGREGATE
More informationBarofor Round System (polyester coated) Panels, Posts, Accessories
1 Scope This Technical Data Sheet specifies the requirements for the Barofor Round System. The complete system exists of: Panels Posts Accessories such as fixation system and posts caps. Panels and posts
More informationControlling Fusing Parameters by Optical Image Quality in Electrophotographic Printing
Controlling Fusing Parameters by Optical Image Quality in Electrophotographic Printing AL-Rubaiey, H., Oittinen, P. Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Automation and Systems Technology, Media
More informationEvaluation of High Recycled Asphalt Pavement Contents in Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Evaluation of High Recycled Asphalt Pavement Contents in Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies Juan Antonio González-León* (corresponding author) Centre de Recherche Rhône-Alpes ARKEMA,
More informationSPECIAL SPECIFICATION 8582 All Weather Thermoplastic Pavement Markings
2004 Specifications CSJ 0610-06-076, etc. 1. Description. SPECIAL SPECIFICATION 8582 All Weather Thermoplastic Pavement Markings A. This specification covers a reflectorized thermoplastic pavement striping
More informationTechnical documentation. Sealoflex Color asphalt and Colorfalt V pigments
Technical documentation Sealoflex Color asphalt and Colorfalt V pigments This technical description intends to provide additional guidelines for the proper handling and installation of supplied products.
More information