LYSAGHT FIRMLOK. Identification The format of the number code is: Material specifications

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2 LYSGHT FIRMLOK W = 47 W = 47 2t W = 47 2t D = 200 2t D = 150 D = 100 t t t F100 F150 F200 Sizes Section Dimensions Metal thickness Section area Mass (Colorbond) D x W t ( mm) ( mm) 2 ) ( mm (kg/m) 100 x x x Identification The format of the number code is: F xxx xx F=Firmlok xxx = Section xx = 2 t x 10 depth D (mm) (mm) Material specifications FIRMLOK beams are made from ZINCLUME aluminium/zinc alloycoated steel complying with S G550, Z150 (550 MPa minimum yield stress, 150 g/m 2 minimum coating mass). The base metal thicknesses are 0.55, 0.75 and 1.00 mm. The COLORBOND prepainted steel complies with S/NZS 2728:1997. Lengths Stock lengths of FIRMLOK beams are, 5000, 6100, 7500 and mm. Extended lead times may apply for non-standard lengths between 1,000 mm and 12,000 mm. Tolerances Depth = ± 1 mm Width = ± 1 mm Length = + 0, -5 mm 2

3 Selecting the correct beam Fascia purlin Introduction Four tables help you select from the popular range of FIRMLOK beams. Of course engineers can still use the whole range of FIRMLOK beams, calculating strengths from first principles and section properties. s run parallel to the ribs on your cladding, and have purlins attached. s run at ninety degrees to the ribs on your cladding, and are connected at each end to rafters and/or posts. They have cladding attached to their top face. Wind classification Find out the wind classification for your site N1 (W28), N2 (W33) or N3 (W41) your local building approval authority will know. S 4055 Wind loads for housing details these classifications. Dimensions Refer to your plans or sketch of the job. Check you have the and dimensions (see also diagrams on Pages 4 and 6). Select your purlins and rafters For flat roofs, use the tables on Pages 4 and 5; or for pitched roofs, use the tables on Pages 6 and 7. Determine the maximum of purlins (see table on Page 9), or rafters for the desired roof profile. Determine the number of purlins you need. Determine the size of rafter you need using a table on either Page 5 or 7. Check the purlin size using a table on either Page 4 or 6. Fascia purlins The fascia-end of every rafter is supported by a post, though you may delete intermediate posts if the fascia purlin is big enough. To design your fascia purlins: if the end of each rafter is: supported by a post, use a table on Pages 4 (for flat roof) or 6; not supported by a post, use a table on Pages 5 (for flat roof) or 7. In each case, enter the body of the table with a number that is 60% of the actual rafter, to find the maximum for your fascia purlin in the left-hand column (the 60% allows for local pressure factors). Design conditions lways check that your designs conform with the notes on the tables and those on Pages 9 and 10. Worked examples: See Pages 11 and 12. Brackets & fasteners: See Page 8. 3

4 Flat roofs & purlin Maximum pitch 5 Flat roofs may be free-standing or attached to another structure & purlin Flat roof purlins If your purlin falls between two listed values, don t estimate a value always use the more conservative (lesser) listed value. The top face of purlins must be level with the top face of the rafters, and must be restrained by the roofing fixed in accordance with our published data for the roofing being used. The of purlins is often governed by the maximum allowable support for the roof cladding you are using (see the table on Page 9). For aesthetic reasons, purlins should be equispaced. Maximum allowable purlin (mm) Wind classifications N1 (W28) & N2 (W33) Wind classification N3 (W41) Firmlok sections Firmlok sections (mm) * * * * 1260 * Stock lengths. (Stock length of 6100 is not shown) 4

5 Flat roof rafters If your rafter falls between two listed values, don t estimate a value always use the more conservative (lesser) listed value. s must be single s with no intermediate supports. For purlin s greater than and up to mm, multiply values given for s by For purlin s greater than and up to mm, multiply values given for s by For purlin s greater than and up to mm, multiply values given for s by Maximum allowable rafter (mm) (mm) Wind classifications N1 (W28) & N2 (W33) Firmlok sections Max purlin Max purlin Max purlin (mm) Wind classification N3 (W41) Firmlok sections Max purlin Max purlin Max purlin * * * * * * * * * Stock lengths. (Stock length of 6100 is not shown) 5

6 Pitched roofs Pitch Frame length Frame length for 15 pitch = Frame length for 22.5 pitch = Frame Pitched-roof purlins If your purlin falls between two listed values, don t estimate a value always use the more conservative (lesser) listed value. The top face of purlins must be level with the top face of the rafters, and must be restrained by the roofing fixed in accordance with our published data for the roofing being used. The of purlins is often governed by the maximum allowable support for the roof cladding you are using (see the table on Page 9). For aesthetic reasons, purlins should be equispaced. Maximum allowable purlin (mm) Wind classifications N1 (W28) & N2 (W33) Wind classification N3 (W41) Firmlok sections Firmlok sections (mm) * * * * * Stock lengths. (Stock length of 6100 is not shown) 6

7 Pitched-roof rafters If your rafter falls between two listed values, don t estimate a value always use the more conservative (lesser) listed value. s must be single s with no intermediate supports. For purlin s greater than and up to mm, multiply values given for s by For purlin s greater than and up to mm, multiply values given for s by For purlin s greater than and up to mm, multiply values given for s by Maximum allowable rafter (mm) for 15 and 22.5 pitch Wind classifications N1 (W28) & N2 (W33) Wind classification N3 (W41) Firmlok sections Firmlok sections Frame Frame Max purlin Max purlin Max purlin Max purlin Max purlin Max purlin (mm) (mm)

8 Connections Lysaght Firmlok universal brackets Fix with self-drilling metal Teks screws with hexagon washer head and Hiteks drill point to S 3566 Class 3, x 16 mm. For each bracket use: 12 screws for wind classifications N2 (W33) and N3 (W41); 8 screws for wind classification N1 (W28). For holes: minimum edge distance is 10 mm; and minimum centre to centre distance is 15 mm. 20 mm Universal brackets for different pitches 0 to mm min. 15 mm min. VIEW 'X' 10 mm min. 15 mm min. VIEW 'X' Placing of screws for fixing of brackets Screws at positions '' may be omitted for wind conditions N1 (W28) Lysaght Firmlok apex brackets Fix with self-drilling metal Teks screws with hexagon washer head and Hiteks drill point to S 3566 Class 3, x 22 mm. pex bracket is available for 15 and 22.5 pitches For each bracket use: 24 screws for wind classifications N2 (W33) and N3 (W41); Firmlok must be mitred 20 screws for wind classification N1 (W28). For holes: minimum edge distance is 10 mm; and minimum centre to centre distance is 20 mm. Screws at 20 mm centres On all 4 faces of bracket: For wind classifications N1 (W28) use 5 screws N2 (W33) & N3 (W41) use 6 screws 8

9 Design conditions for the tables Basis of design The connection and beam capacities are based on limit state design and testing in our laboratory. They conform with S/NZS 4600:1996 Cold-formed steel structures. Design information is taken from: S Dead and live loads S Wind loads S Domestic metal framing S Wind loads for housing For more detailed information or commentary on these loads, refer to these standards. Dead loads dead load of 0.1 kpa has been included. No allowance has been made for ceilings. Live loads The tables are for roof structures which are non-trafficable (S ). Use crawl boards to distribute loads and prevent damage to roof cladding during installation and maintenance. Wind loads Three maximum design gust wind speeds from S 4055, have been used for the tables as follows: The local pressure factors have been assumed for intermediate supporting members (purlins) as defined in S Serviceability The criteria used are: Dead load: Span/300 Wind load: Span/150 Connection capacity The connections have been verified by testing at our NT-registered laboratory. Maximum allowable s (mm), for wind loading only, on attached flat roofs and pitched roofs (no foot traffic). Base Wind classification metal Span type N 2 (W33) N3 (W41) thickness (mm) Flat roof Pitched roof Flat roof Pitched roof Flatdek Custom Orb fasteners per sheet per support Trimdek Spandek 3 fasteners per sheet per support End Internal Span types End Klip-Lok Flat roof = pitch up to Pitched roof = pitch up to

10 Use, care and cutting of FIRMLOK Posts 50 x 50 x 2.5 mm square tubular steel posts are structurally adequate for all loadings covered by these tables larger sizes may be considered for aesthetic reasons. Connection to another structure Where a flat roof is to be attached to another structure, seek advice from an engineer to obtain connection details and to ensure that the other structure is capable of withstanding any additional loading. Non-cyclonic areas The information in this brochure is suitable for use only in areas where a tropical cyclone is unlikely to occur as defined in S S Loading Code, Part 2: Wind Loads. Seek advice from an engineer for designs to be used in cyclonic areas. Storage and handling Keep the product dry and clear of the ground. If stacked or bundled product becomes wet, separate it, wipe it with a clean cloth and stack it to dry thoroughly. Handle materials carefully to avoid damage: don t drag materials over rough surfaces or each other; carry tools, don t drag them; protect from swarf. Cutting For cutting thin metal on site, we recommend a circular saw with a metal-cutting blade because it produces fewer damaging hot metal particles and leaves less resultant burr than does a carborundum disc. Cut materials over the ground and not over other materials. Sweep all metallic swarf and other debris from roof areas and gutters at the end of each day and at the completion of the installation. Failure to do so can lead to surface staining when the metal particles rust. dverse conditions If this product is to be used in marine, severe industrial, or unusually corrosive environments (closer than 1000 metres) seek advice from our information line. Metal & timber compatibility Lead, copper, bare steel and green or some chemically-treated timbers are not compatible with this product; thus don t allow any contact of the product with those materials, nor discharge of rainwater from them onto the product. If there are doubts about the compatibility of other products being used, seek advice from our information line. Strippable coatings Some COLORBOND STEEL products are coated with a protective plastic film. Remove this film at the time of installation, or you may find it very hard to remove later on. 10

11 Worked example 1 Flatdek ribs s Width = 4800 Posts s Breadth = Maximum purlin support s for FLTDEK, in N2 wind classification = mm (from table on page 9). Number of cladding s = (wning width)/(max. support = 4800/ = 1.33 s Round to 2 s of 4800/2 = mm 2. Size of rafters Span of rafters is 4800 mm. = Cladding = mm The table on Page 5 allows us to use or. 2.1 Try Because a rafter of 4800 mm is not shown in the table, try 5000 mm for which the maximum rafter = mm. Number of purlin s = (wning breadth)/ (Max. rafter ) = 8000/ = 3.6 Round up to 4 purlin s of 8000/4 = mm. For 4 purlin s we need 5 rafters. 2.2 Try For a rafter of 4800 mm, try 5000 mm for which the maximum rafter = 4150 mm. Number of purlin s = (wning breadth)/ (Max. rafter ) = 8000/4150 = 1.9 Round up to 2 purlin s of 8000/2 = mm. For 2 purlin s we need 3 rafters. Specification Design an awning attached to a building, using FLTDEK at 2 pitch, in a wind classification area of N2 (W33), with no foot traffic (see drawing). 3. Check purlin size Using option 2.1 = = mm Enter the body of the table on Page 4 and look under for the value that is equal to or higher than (see Step 1). The value you find is 2560; and the purlin for that value is (in the left-hand column). Since mm is greater than mm, the beam is adequate. Using option 2.2 = = mm Enter the body of the table on Page 4 and look under for the value that is equal to or higher than (see Step 1). The value you find is 2560; and the purlin for that value is (in the left-hand column). Since mm is less than mm, the beam is not adequate, so try a larger beam. gain enter the body of the table on Page 4 and look under for the value that is equal to or higher than. The value you find is 2480; and the purlin for that value is 4750 (in the left-hand column). Since 4750 mm is greater than mm, the beam is adequate. Observation Option 2.2 uses fewer rafters and posts Size of fascia purlin The end of every rafter must be supported, either by a post or by a fascia purlin. To reduce the number of posts, you can use a fascia purlin bigger than determined in previous steps. Removing posts, adds concentrated loads on the purlin, so the rafter table must be used for the fascia (because that table allows for concentrated loads). Checking option 2.1 (For rafters) To delete 2 posts, a fascia purlin must a distance of 2 x. That is, Fascia purlin = 2 x = mm ccounting for local pressure factors, the equivalent purlin is 60% of the actual rafter, that is 4800 x 0.6 = 2880 mm Enter the body of the table on Page 5 and look under for the value that is equal to or higher than The value you find is 3240; and the rafter for that value is (in the left-hand column). Since mm is greater than mm, the beam is adequate, thus 3 posts could be used instead of 5. (For uniformity, could be used for all members.)

12 Worked example 2 Flatdek ribs Posts Breadth = 1 s Width = Specification Design an awning attached to a building, using FLTDEK at 2 pitch, in a wind classification area of N2 (W33), with no foot traffic (see drawing). 1. Maximum support s for FLTDEK, in N2 wind classification = mm (from table on page 9). Thus no intermediate purlin is required. 2. size Taking the local pressure factors into account, the fascia purlin supports 60% of the load on the awning. Thus: Equivalent purlin = wning width x 0.6 = x 0.6 = 2160 mm. From table on Page 4, we could use either: Option 2.1 () In the body of the table, find the purlin equal to, or greater than, 2160 mm: that is 2230 mm This gives a maximum allowable purlin = 5000 mm. Number of purlin s = (wning breadth)/ (Max. purlin ) = 1/5000 = 2.4 Round up to 3 purlin s of 1/3 = mm. Option 2.2 () In the body of the table, find the purlin equal to, or greater than, 2160 mm: that is 2240 mm This gives a maximum allowable purlin = mm. Number of purlin s = (wning breadth)/ (Max. purlin ) = 1/ = 1.7 Round up to 2 purlin s of 1/2 = mm, which require 3 posts. Conclusion Using uses fewer posts. 3. Size of rafters Because there are no intermediate purlins, the rafters don t support any vertical loads imposed by the structure or wind. Thus you could use an as a minimum. Information, brochures and your local distributor Please check the latest information which is always available at Copyright BlueScope Steel Limited 22 September 2003 LYSGHT, COLORBOND, FIRMLOK, ZINCLUME & FLTDEK are trademarks of BlueScope Steel Limited.B.N The LYSGHT range of products is exclusively made by BlueScope Steel Limited trading as BlueScope Lysaght.