Frequency Selective Fading in Wireless Communication using Genetic Algorithm

Transcription

1 American Journal of Engineering Reearch (AJER) 2016 American Journal of Engineering Reearch (AJER) e-issn: p-issn : Volume-5, Iue-1, pp Reearch Paper Open Acce Frequency Selecive Fading in Wirele Communicaion uing Geneic Algorihm 1 Gbadamoi Luqman and 2 Akanbi Lukman 1 Compuer Science Deparmen, Lago Sae Polyechnic, Lago Sae, Nigeria 2 Reearch Scholar, Embeddedki echnology, Oun Sae, Oogbo, Nigeria Abrac: Mobile communicaion and wirele nework have eperienced maive growh and commercial ucce in he recen year. Wih he prevalence of higher bandwidh applicaion, uch a 3G, WiFi, WiMa, UWB and oher uch echnologie, he frequency elecive fading iue become more imporan for wirele nework imulaion. I will be of grea inere o implemen more funcionaliy uppor for frequency elecive fading uing geneic algorihm. he mehodology implemened involve imulaing a GSM carrier frequency and bandwidh, and ue pilo daa o eimae he channel phae. hee are imulaed in MALAB environmen uing geneic algorihm oolbo. he model wa hen inegraed ino image proceing, which will give a beer environmen o imulae a wirele nework model. PSK, ASK and QAM modulaion model are ued o e he effec of differen channel o he received daa. he O-MPSK cheme were compared wih MPSK cheme in erm of BER for SNR value of 0 o 20 db. he O- MPSK inveigaed include 2 -QPSK, 4-8PSK, 8-16PSK, 16-32PSK and 32-64PSK. he reul reveal ha he O-MPSK cheme ouperform he MPSK cheme for boh MIMO-SM and MIMO-BF a he O-MPSK cheme give relaively lower mean BER compared o he MPSK cheme 1. Inroducion he goal of an ideal digial wirele communicaion yem i o produce he eac replica of ranmied daa a he receiver(harjo, Bindiya and Ami, 2011). hi ha neceiaed he correponding numerou remendou reearche carried ou in digial communicaion indury which lead o rapid growh recorded in he pa wo decade epecially in i variou applicaion (Gee and Oladele, 2010). hi growh, in urn, ha pawned an increaing need o eek auomaed mehod of analyzing he performance of digial modulaion ype uing he lae mahemaical ofware or programming language. Modulaion i he proce by which ome characeriic, uually he ampliude, frequency or phae of a carrier i varied in accordance wih inananeou value of ome oher volage, called he modulaing volage or ignal (Carlon, Crilly and Ruledge, 2002). Form of digial modulaion pracically in ue now include Ampliude Shif Keying (ASK), Frequency Shif Keying (FSK), Phae Shif Keying (PSK) and Quadraure Ampliude Modulaion (QAM) wih each having heir diincive feaure and characeriic. In he cae of ASK, he ue of ampliude modulaed analogue carrier o ranpor digial informaion alway reul in a relaively low qualiy oupu. Alhough i i a low co ype of digial modulaion, hi i eldom ued ecep for a very low peed elemery circui. FSK ha a poorer error performance han PSK or QAM and conequenly i no ued regularly for high-performance digial radio yem (Proaki and Salehi, 2002). he demand for high daa rae wirele communicaion in recen year have coninued o increae rapidly for wirele mulimedia ervice. Muliple-inpu, muliple-oupu (MIMO) yem are now he popular approache o mee hee demand (Fochini and Gan, 1998). he ue of muliple anenna a boh ranmier and receiver in wirele communicaion link provide a mean of maimizing he yem performance of wirele yem. MIMO echnology provide diveriy by making he receiver o receive muliple replica of he ame informaion-bearing ignal; and hi provide a more reliable ignal recepion (Gebere al, 2000). w w w. a j e r. o r g Page 144

2 American Journal of Engineering Reearch (AJER) 2016 II. Previou Reearch 2.1 BER Performance of MPSK and MQAM in 22 Almoui MIMO Syem Mindaudu and Miyim (2012) inveigaed he error performance of he 22 MIMO yem uing he Almoui (1998) pace-ime coding wih M-PSK and M-QAM modulaion cheme of modulaion order M = 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64. he problem of increaing error rae and power conumpion i aociaed wih uing he MIMO for he proviion of high peed mulimedia wirele ervice. he aim of he inveigaion wa o develop a MIMO yem ha would miigae error rae and alo provide beer efficiency in power and bandwidh conumpion.. he imulaion reul how ha he cheme wih he M-QAM modulaion give beer BER performance compared o he M-PSK modulaion. he propoed cheme how good BER performance, bu i i limied o only a 22 MIMO anenna configuraion. Alo, he energy needed o achieving a given error probabiliy increae wih he modulaion order. 2.2 Performance Comparion of MIMO Syem over AWGN and Rician Channel A dene mulipah fading environmen and a a boleneck o achieving high daa rae wirele ranmiion. Kaur and Kanal (2013) aimed a eploiing he mulipah effec of he wirele communicaion environmen for he enhancemen of diveriy and capaciy gain. he mehod involved uilizing a MIMO- SBC yem wih zero-forcing (ZF) equalizer and higher order M-PSK modulaion cheme; ha i M = 32 and above. he yem wa imulaed over a mulipah Rician fading channel. Simulaion reul for 32-PSK, 64-PSK, 128-PSK, 256-PSK and 1024-PSK howed good BER performance due o pace diveriy provided by he MIMO yem. However, he BER increaed wih increae in he value of M for M-PSK a a reul of decreae in he pace beween differen conellaion poin, and he energy needed o achieving a given BER increae wih he modulaion order M. 2.3 Bi Error rae Performance of MIMO Spaial Mulipleing wih MPSK Modulaion he achievable daa rae of he MIMO yem wih pace-ime relli code (SC) i limied by he compleiy of he ML decoder which grow eponenially wih he number of bi per ymbol. Wih a view o reducing he compleiy of he ML decoder in a MIMO yem, Vihal and Maheh (2013) inveigaed he BER performance of MIMO yem uilizing a layered pace-ime coding (LSC) echnique wih MPSK modulaion cheme and ZF receiver. he yem wa imulaed over he Rayleigh fading channel. Simulaion reul howed ignifican improvemen in BER for he propoed echnique compared o he SC echnique. he BER of he yem, however, increae wih increaing modulaion order. 2.4 Performance Comparion of MIMO-OFDM ranceiver Wirele Communicaion Syem he MIMO yem help o achieve high pecral efficiency, bu he yem ill uffer from he problem of iner-ignal inerference (ISI) in a frequency-elecive mobile communicaion environmen. he aim i o miigae he problem of ISI in MIMO yem a he ame ime achieving high pecral efficiency in mobile communicaion environmen. Mangla and Singh (2013) compared he BER performance of higher order M- QAM and M-PSK modulaion cheme in a MIMO-OFDM yem. he yem wa imulaed for M = 16, 64, 256, 512 and he reul howed ha pecral efficiency increae wih increaing modulaion order M. Alo, M-QAM give beer BER performance han M-PSK. he BER of he higher order modulaion can be reduced bu a he co of increaing he SNR. Increaing he SNR i however no adviable becaue eceive power conumpion would adverely affec yem lifepan. III. Mehodology 3.1 Deign of he Offe MPSK Scheme A modulaed ignal coni of a combinaion of he carrier ignal and he meage (or informaion) ignal. he M-ary PSK modulaion i achieved by hifing he carrier in phae according o he meage daa. A modulaed ignal() in ime () domain can be epreed a: = Re g ep (jω c ) 3.1 where Re{.} denoe he real componen of he comple funcion indicaed by j, ω c = 2πf c, f c = he carrier frequency, g() = he comple baeband envelope of. hi comple baeband envelope g() i a funcion of he meage ignal m ( ) and can be epreed a: g = Am ep [jθ ] 3.2 wherea i a conan ampliude and, θ() = he phae of he ignal Subiuing equaion (3.2) ino (3.1) give: = Am co [ω c + θ ] 3.3 w w w. a j e r. o r g Page 145

3 American Journal of Engineering Reearch (AJER) 2016 Applying rigonomeric ideniy o Equaion 3.3, he equaion can be epreed in coine and ine form a: = Am [coω c coθ inω c inθ ] 3.4 he conan ampliude A i a funcion of he ignal power; and i i given a: A = 2P 3.5 wherep i he ignal power. Alo, P i a funcion of he energy conained in a ymbol duraion; and i given a: P = E 3.6 where i he ymbol period; E i he energy conained in he ymbol period. Subiuing Equaion 3.6 ino 3.5 give: Wih A ino equaion 3.4 give: A = 3.7 = m coω c coθ inω c inθ 3.8 By hifing he carrier in phae, Equaion 3.8 become: = m coω c co(θ i θ 0 ) inω c in(θ i θ 0 ) 3.9 Wih θ i = 2π i, for i = 1,2,3, M 3.10 M andθ o i he iniial phae given a: θ 0 = 2π 3.11 M wherem i he conellaion ize of he M-ary PSK; he phae ake on one of M poible value. Equaion 3.9 repreen an M-ary PSK modulaed ignal. he phae of an MPSK conellaion can be repreened wih a polar diagram in Inphae/Quadraure (I/Q) forma. he coine componen of he modulaed ignal ( ) ake he inphae ai while he ine componen ake he quadraure ai. he offe MPSK (OMPSK) modulaion can be implemened by delaying he inpu bi ream of he quadraure par by one bi period. he bi period i given a: b b 3.12 k log M 2 where k i he number of bi ha repreen a ymbol. herefore, he convenional MPSK modulaion Equaion 3.9 can be modified for he OMPSK a: 2 E ( ) m ( ) co co( ) in in[( )( )] c i 0 c i 0 b 3.13 Inpu binary daa b I() 2 b S/P U/B 1 Pule- Shaping Filer Local Ocillaor 2 co c + OQPSK ignal Q() 2 b U/B 1 Delay = /2 Q ( 2) Pule- Shaping Filer in c (a) w w w. a j e r. o r g Page 146

4 BER American Journal of Engineering Reearch (AJER) 2016 Received OQPSK ignal Carrier Recovery Circui 2 co c Inegrae & Dump Filer hrehold Deecor Delay = /2 P/S Received binary daa in c Inegrae & Dump Filer (b) hrehold Deecor Figure 3.1: Offe QPSK Scheme (a) Modulaor (b) Demodulaor IV. Reul and Dicuion 22 MIMO-SM wih Offe-MPSK over Rician channel (K=5) ( /2)-QPSK ( /4)-8PSK ( /8)-16PSK ( /16)-32PSK ( /32)-64PSK SNR [db] Figure1: Comparion of he O-MPSK in 22MIMO-SM over Rayleigh Fading Channel he mean BER value for 2 -QPSK, 4-8PSK, 8-16PSK, 16-32PSK and 32-64PSK in MIMO-BF are , , , and repecively. Alo, he mean BER value for 2 - QPSK, 4-8PSK, 8-16PSK, 16-32PSK and 32-64PSK in MIMO-SM are , , , and repecively. he reul reveal ha he be BER performance i obained wih 2 of MIMO-BF and he wor wih 32-64PSK of MIMO-SM. -QPSK he comparion beween MIMO-SM and MIMO-BF for 2 -QPSK i illuraed graphically in Figure 1. he mean BER value obained for MIMO-SM and MIMO-BF are and repecively; hi how ha MIMO-BF give a lower BER compared o MIMO-SM. Figure 2 how he comparion beween MIMO-SM and MIMO-BF for 8-16PSK. he BER value obained for MIMO-SM and MIMO-BF are and repecively; hi alo how ha MIMO-BF give a lower BER compared o MIMO-SM. w w w. a j e r. o r g Page 147

5 BER American Journal of Engineering Reearch (AJER) MIMO wih ( /32)-64PSK over Rician channel (K=5) MIMO-SM MIMO-BF SNR [db] Figure 2: Comparion beween 22 MIMO-SM and 22 MIMO-BF wih 32-64PSK V. Concluion In hi work, offe MPSK (O-MPSK) modulaion cheme in wirele communicaion uing geneic algorihm were developed and he performance evaluaed in 22 MIMO-SM and 22 MIMO-BF communicaion yem over Rayleigh fading channel. he O-MPSK cheme were compared wih MPSK cheme in erm of BER for SNR value of 0 o 20 db. he O-MPSK inveigaed include 2 -QPSK, 4-8PSK, 8-16PSK, 16-32PSK and 32-64PSK. he reul reveal ha he O-MPSK cheme ouperform he MPSK cheme for boh MIMO-SM and MIMO-BF a he O-MPSK cheme give relaively lower mean BER compared o he MPSK cheme. Alo, he reul reveal ha he be performance i obained wih he 2 -QPSK cheme. Reference [1] Adeyemo, Z. K. (2009), Performance Evaluaion of Digial Mobile Communicaion over Fa and Frequency Non Selecive Rayleigh Fading Channel, Unpublihed PhD hei, LadokeAkinola Univeriy of echnology, Ogbomoo, Nigeria. [2] Adeyemo, Z. K. and Ajayi, O. O. (2011), Effec of Subcarrier on Orhogonal Frequency Diviion Mulipleing a Differen Mobile Speed, Journal of heoreical and Applied Informaion echnology, vol. 29, no.2, pp [3] Almoui, S. M. (1998), A Simple ranmi Diveriy echnique for Wirele Communicaion, IEEE Journal on Selec Area in Communicaion, vol. 16, no.8, pp [4] Ani V. R. and Aro L. (2003), Radio Engineering for Wirele Communicaion and Senor Applicaion, Arech Houe, Boon, London. [5] Amin, A. (2011), Compuaion of Bi-Error Rae of Coheren and Non-Coheren Deecion M-ary PSK wih Gray Code in BFWA Syem, Inernaional Journal of Advancemen in Compuing echnology, vol. 3, no.1, pp [6] Aad, M., and Aba, M. (2010), Characerizaion and Channel Modelling for Saellie Communicaion Syem, Blekinge Iniue of echnology, Sweden, pp Rerieved from hp:// [7] Bernard S. (1997), Rayleigh Fading Channel in Mobile Digial Communicaion Syem Par 2: Miigaion, IEEE Communicaion Magazine. [8] Cao, L. and Beaulieu, N. (2004), Bi Error Rae analyi of hybrid elecion/ maimal raio wih channel eimaion error, IEEE Global elecommunicaion Conference, vol.1, pp [9] Carlon, A. B., Crilly, P. B and Ruledge, J. C. (2002), Communicaion Syem: An Inroducion o Signal and Noie in Elecrical Communicaion, 4h ediion, McGraw Hill, London. [10] Dang, X. (2009), Offe QPSK in SISO and MIMO Environmen, PhD Dieraion, Brigham Young Univeriy, Provo, Uah. [11] Denni, R. (2001), Saellie Communicaion, 3 rd Ed. inghua Univeriy Pre. [12] Gaudenzi R. (2002), European Space Agency, American Iniue of Aeronauic and Aronauic paper. [13] Fochini G. J. and Gan M., On Limi of Wirele Communicaion in a Fading Environmen when uing Muliple Anenna, Wirele Peronal Communicaion, vol 6, pp , March 1998 [14] Frenzel L. E. (2008), Principle of Elecronic Communicaion Syem, 3rd ediion, McGraw Hill, London. [15] Fuqin X. (2006) Digial Modulaion echnique, 2nd ediion, Arech Houe. [16] Geber D., Bolckei H., Gore D. and Paulraj A., (2000) MIMO Wirele channel: Capaciy and Performance Predicion, in Proc. IEEE Globecom, San Francico, CA, Nov 2000, pp [17] Gee, M. K. and Oladele O. P. (2010) Performance Evaluaion of LE Downlink wih MIMO echnique, M.ech hei, Blekinge Iniue of echnology, Karlkrona, Sweden. [18] Goldmih A. (2005), Wirele Communicaion, Cambridge Univeriy Pre, Cambridge, Unied Kingdom [19] Harjo K., Bindiya J. and Ami V. (2011), Comparaive Performance Analyi of M-ary PSK Modulaion Scheme uing Simulink Inernaional Journal of elecronic & Communicaion echnology, vol. 2, no. 3, pp [20] Ippolio, L.J. (2008), Saellie Comunicaion Syem Engineering, John Wiley and Son, Ld. w w w. a j e r. o r g Page 148

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