What is a fastener? A device to locate or hold parts

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2 What is a fastener? A device to locate or hold parts As a repair technician you will become skilled at removing, reconditioning, replacing, and installing fasteners. An important skill to learn is how to remove a stuck fastener without breaking it off. (You will get lots of practice with this as a technician)

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4 How do you remove a stuck fastener? An easy treatment for stuck nuts and bolts is Penetrating Oil (like WD 40). Some brands work better than others, so ask what works and experiment on your own. Spray it on the threads and shock or vibrate the fastener (hit it with a hammer) to get the oil to sink in. You must allow time for oil to work into threads. I spray and shock a stuck bolt, then go work on another job for an hour or so to let the magic happen

5 Remove a stuck fastener? (After spraying with oil and waiting for it to soak in.) Use a six point wrench or socket

6 Remove a stuck fastener? (After spraying with oil and waiting for it to soak in.) You might also use a breaker bar with a 6 point socket Breaker bars are longer and stronger than ratchets Never put a pipe on a ratchet handle to get more torque It will damage the gears in the head of the ratchet

7 Remove a stuck fastener? (After spraying with oil and waiting for it to soak in.) Use a six point wrench or socket Try to tighten slightly, then loosen An impact can help shock the fastener loose A strong impact will often break off the bolt

8 What about using Vice Grips to remove a stuck bolt? Vice Grips (locking pliers) damage the head of a bolt or nut and make it MUCH more difficult to remove. Use Vice Grips to hold or grip objects. They should never be used as a wrench, or a socket.

9 How do you remove a stuck fastener? Heat can help loosen a fastener Too much heat can damage the fastener Too much heat can weaken the surrounding metal NEVER heat fasteners red hot

10 When do you use a new fastener? If it is damaged in any way such as: corrosion or stretched threads Always replace Torque to Yield bolts

11 What is a torque to Yield Bolt? Most commonly used for head bolts They are tightened (torqued) until they just begin to stretch This provides a very consistent clamping load and helps keep an even sealing pressure for the head gasket

12 This is how you identify torque to yield bolts

13 Torque to Yield bolts require special procedures Tighten to the specified torque Continue to turn the fastener just enough to cause it to begin to stretch This will be specified in degrees of rotation

14 This tool is used so you can see exactly how many degrees you are turning a torque to yield bolt

15 What replacement fastener should you use? Same Length Same Diameter Same Thread Pitch Same Plating or Material Same hardness or GRADE Same weight

16 Bolt Length and Diameter

17 Thread Pitch is measured with a special gauge

18 The correct gauge will match the grooves of the bolt

19 This gauge has a the same thread pitch as the bolt

20 This gauge has a different thread pitch than the bolt

21 U.S. = TPI Metric = Thread Pitch TPI stands for Threads Per Inch. This is simply a count of the number of threads per inch measured along the length of a fastener. TPI is used only with American (U.S.) fasteners. 20 TPI will be a finer thread than 16 TPI Metric fasteners are specified with a thread pitch instead of a thread count. The thread pitch is the distance between threads expressed in millimeters (measured along the length of the fastener). For example a thread pitch of 1.5 means that the distance between one thread and the next is 1.5mm will be a finer thread than 1.5

22 Same Pitch

23 Different Pitch

24 These gauges can measure the diameter, pitch and bolt length

25 What replacement fastener should you use? Same Length Same Diameter Same Thread Pitch Same Plating or Material Same hardness or GRADE Same weight

26 Always use the same plating or material as the original fastener Nuts and Bolts are not all the same. They must be compatible with the other metals they contact Many have special plating to resist corrosion The material or plating will change the general torque (or tightening) value.

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29 What replacement fastener should you use? Same Length Same Diameter Same Thread Pitch Same Plating or Material Same hardness or GRADE Same weight

30 Bolt Grade Bolt Grade is important and easy to identify A good article on this is at rs making the grade a technical discussion/

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32 Diameter M8 1.0 x 40 or 3/8 16 x 2 ½ M8 1.0 x 40 or 3/8 16 x 2 ½ Thread Pitch M8 1.0 x 40 or 3/8 16 x 2 ½ Length M8 1.0 x 40 or 3/8 16 x 2 ½

33 Bolt Grade Low grade bolts are cheaper not as strong. View the Honda Fastener video at (6:15 8:00) Bolts tightened beyond their "Elastic Limit" will permanently stretch.

34 Bolts get easier to turn as they distort in the Plastic Range and break at their "Tensile Limit. Bolts tightened beyond their "Elastic Limit" will permanently stretch.

35 Bolt Grade Most automotive fasteners are Grade 5 (or 8.8 for metric) Unmarked bolts are lower grade and may yield too soon Grade 8 bolts (10.9) are stronger and must be replaced with the same grade

36 Bolt Grade Both bolt heads marked A are the same grade Both bolt heads marked B are the same grade The top are SAE, the bottom are metric Which bolts are stronger, A or B?

37 Proper Torque is critical Torque is the twisting force applied to a fastener View the Honda Fastener video at (9:00 14:00) Too low of a torque may allow a bolt to fall off Too low a torque will allow parts to move and this may break the fastener

38 Proper Torque is critical Too high a torque may stretch a bolt past the elastic limit into Yield Clamping force goes down as the bolts yield or stretch too much Bolts torqued past the tensile point will break

39 When do fasteners have to be the same weight? Any time the nut or bolt is on a rotating part Cooling fans Drive pulleys Flywheel or clutch or torque converter Lug nuts Drive shafts

40 Rotating parts If you replace one fastener on a rotating part Replace them all to keep them the same weight Failure to do this may cause vibration and an unhappy customer

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42 How do fasteners lock in place? Proper torque is usually the only thing that keeps a bolt or nut from vibrating loose Sometimes lock washers are used, especially when a light fastening torque is desired Over tightening a lock washer will ruin it s ability to hold Do not any washers unless they were used by the manufacturer

43 How do fasteners lock in place? Cotter pins, locking tabs, and self locking nuts are often used. You should replace these with new ones to ensure they do not fail

44 How do fasteners lock in place? Thread locking compounds are often used Two types that are widely available are Red LocTite and Blue LocTite Use the BLUE unless specified. Using Red LocTite will make a bolt almost impossible to remove after it the LocTite cures It is O.K. to use Blue LocTite for most applications

45 Do not re use Cotter pins Nuts in critical locations such as connecting rod nuts

46 Always use a NEW cotter pin

47 Use new fasteners in highly critical locations like this connecting rod

48 Inspect all self locking nuts Some lock nuts are distorted at the top to create an interference fit. These will wear out after being removed and installed several times

49 Inspect all self locking nuts Some lock nuts use a nylon insert that may wear out if they are removed and installed too often

50 Inspect all self locking nuts Self locking nuts should feel tight when the threads of the bolt reach the top of the nut. If they spin on with little resistance you should replace them with new ones.

51 What do you put on threads? Anti seize compound will make it easier to disassemble nuts and bolts Blue LocTite will help keep nuts and bolts from vibrating loose Be sure to clean threads before using LockTite Any oil, lubricant, anti seize or locktite will change the torque value of the bolt

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