MACHINE TOOLS GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS

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1 MACHINE TOOLS GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS

2 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS Grinding in generally considered a finishing operation. It removes metal comparatively in smaller volume. The material is removed in the form of small chips by mechanical action of abrasive particles bonded together in a grinding wheel.

3 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS Producing smooth surface Geometrically accurate surface Dimensionally accurate surface

4 GRINDING OPERATIONS (a)cylindrical surfaces, (b) conical surfaces, (c) fillets on a shaft, (d) helical profiles, (e) concave shape, (f) cutting off or slotting with thin wheels, and (g) internal grinding.

5 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS CLASIFICATION OF GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS Cylindrical Grinding Machine Tools Surface Grinding machine tools Tool Cutter Grinding Machine Tools Other Grinding Machine Tools

6 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS Cylindrical Grinding Machines External cylindrical grinding machine tools Internal cylindrical grinding machine tools Universal cylindrical grinding machine tools

7 CYLINDRICAL GRINDING MACHINES In this operation, the external or internal cylindrical surface of a workpiece are ground. In external cylindrical grinding (also center-type grinding) the workpiece rotates and reciprocates along its axis, although for large and long workparts the grinding wheel reciprocates.

8 CYLINDRICAL GRINDING MACHINES In internal cylindrical grinding, a small wheel grinds the inside diameter of the part. The workpiece is held in a rotating chuck in the headstock and the wheel rotates at very high rotational speed. In this operation, the workpiece rotates and the grinding wheel reciprocates.

9 Cylindrical Grinding Machines

10 Cylindrical Grinding Machines Three types of feed motion are possible according to the direction of feed motion, 1. Traverse feed grinding (also through feed grinding, cross-feeding) in which the relative feed motion is parallel to the spindle axis of rotation, 2. Plunge grinding in which the grinding wheel is fed radially into the workpiece, and 3. a combination of traverse and plunge grinding in which the grinding wheel is fed at 45 o to grind simultaneously the cylindrical part of the workpiece and the adjacent face. This methods provides a precise perpendicular mutual position of both surfaces.

11 Cylindrical Grinding Machines Plunge grinding. In this arrangement, the wheel is plunged into the WP to the full depth. The WP then makes one revolution, while the wheel traverses one pitch. This method gives a uniform wheel wear, but is used for short thread lengths.

12 Cylindrical Grinding Machines Traverse grinding. The wheel is positioned at a full thread depth, then the work is traversed past the wheel. The fi rst thread form on the wheel removes the majority of metal and therefore is subjected to the most wear; the following threads affect the fi nishing. A single-rib wheel may be used for large threads.

13 Cylindrical Grinding Machines

14 UNIVERSAL GRINDING MACHINES In universal cylindrical grinders, both the workpiece and the grinding wheel axis can be swivelled around a horizontal plane, permitting all these types of cylindrical grinding.

15 UNIVERSAL GRINDING MACHINES

16 EXTERNAL CENTRELESS GRINDING MACHINES Centerless grinding is a process for continuously grinding cylindrical surfaces in which the workpiece is supported not by centers or chucks but by a rest blade. The workpiece is ground between two wheels. The larger grinding wheel does grinding, while the smaller regulating wheel, which is tilted at an angle i, regulates the velocity Vf of the axial movement of the workpiece.

17 EXTERNAL CENTRELESS GRINDING MACHINES Centerless grinding can also be external or internal, traverse feed or plunge grinding. The most common type of centerless grinding is the external traverse feed grinding (SEE THE BELOW FIGURES).

18 EXTERNAL CENTRELESS GRINDING MACHINES

19 EXTERNAL CENTRELESS GRINDING MACHINES

20 EXTERNAL CENTRELESS GRINDING MACHINES

21 EXTERNAL CENTRELESS GRINDING MACHINES

22 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS External cylindrical grinding machine tools A. Center type external cylindrical grinding machine tools B. Centreless external cylindrical grinding machine tools

23 CENTRELESS GRINDING MACHINES

24 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS Internal cylindrical grinding machine tools A. Center type internal cylindrical grinding machine tools B. Centreless internal cylindrical grinding machine tools C. Planet type internal cylindrical grinding machine tools

25 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS Surface Grinding machine tools A. Horizantal Surface Grinding machine tools B. Vertical Surface Grinding machine tools

26 Surface Grinding machines

27 Surface Grinding machines

28 Surface Grinding machines

29 Surface Grinding machines

30 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS Surface Grinding machines Surface grinding produces flat, angular, or contoured surfaces by feeding work in a horizontal plane beneath a rotating grinding wheel. Work is most often magnetically attached to the table, and may be ground by either a traversing or rotating movement of the table. Most surface grinding machines use a horizontal spindle which adjusts up and down allowing either the edge or the face of the wheel to contact the work.

31 SURFACE GRINDING MACHINES In surface grinding, the spindle position is either horizontal or vertical, and the relative motion of the workpiece is achieved either by reciprocating the workpiece past the wheel or by rotating it. The possible combinations of spindle orientations and workpiece motions yield four types of surface grinding processes

32 SURFACE GRINDING MACHINES Four types of surface grinding with horizontal or vertical spindles, and with reciprocating linear motion or rotating motion of the workpiece.

33 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS Tool Cutter Grinding machine tools A. Universal tool cutter grinding machine tool B. Special tool cutter grinding machine tool

34 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS Other Grinding Machine Tools A. Coordinate grinding machine tools B. Screw grinding machine tools C. Gear grinding machine tools D. Profile grinding machine tools E. Special grinding machine tools

35

36 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS UTILITY GRINDING MACHINES UTILITY GRINDING MACHINES The utility grinding machine is intended for offhand grinding where the workpiece is supported in the hand and brought to bear against the rotating grinding abrasive wheel. The accuracy of this type of grinding machine depends on the operator s dexterity. skill, and knowledge of the machine s capabilities and the nature of the work. The utility grinding machine consists of a horizontally mounted motor with a grinding abrasive wheel attached to each end of the motor shaft.

37 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS UTILITY GRINDING MACHINES The typical floor-mounted utility grinding machine stands waist-high and is secured to the floor by bolts.

38 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS UTILITY GRINDING MACHINES

39 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS Bench-Type Utility Drill Grinding Machine The bench-type drill grinding machine is intended for drillsharpening. The accuracy of this type of grinder is not dependent on the dexterity and skill of the operator becausethe drill is placed in a holding device. The holding deviceplaces the drill in the correct position for the clearance and included angle.

40 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS Bench-Type Utility Drill Grinding Machine

41 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS

42 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS Mounting Workpiece for Cylindrical Grinding Cylindrical grinding may be done with the workpiece setup between centers, held in the chuck and supported by a center rest, or clamped to the faceplate as in lathe setups.

43 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS Mounting Workpiece for Surface Grinding A workpiece for surface grinding is usually held to the reciprocating worktable by a magnetic chuck. It may also be held in a vise or clamped directly to the table.

44 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS Workpiece Mounted for Internal Grinding Internal grinding is done with the universal tool and cutter grinder with an internal grinding attachment.

45 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS Workpiece Mounted for Internal Grinding

46 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS Mounting Workpiece for Tool and Cutter Grinding Listed below are methods for mounting workplaces when using the tool and cutter grinder: A workpiece for tool and cutter grinding is usually held between centers or on a fixture clamped to the table. The workpiece is mounted in the same manner as for cylindrical grinding, except the lathe dog if not used. When a fixture is used, the workpiece is placed in the fixture and the fixture is clamped to the table.

47 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS

48 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS GRINDING MACHINE SAFETY Wear goggles for all grinding machine operations. Check grinding wheels for cracks before mounting. Never operate grinding wheels at speeds in excess of the recommended speed.

49 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS Never adjust the workpiece or work mounting devices when the machine is operating Do not exceed recommended depth of cut for the grinding wheel or machine. Remove workpiece from grinding wheel before turning machine off. Use proper wheel guards on all grinding machines. On bench grinders, adjust tool rest 1/16 to 1/8 inch from the wheel.

50 GRINDING MACHINE TOOLS

51

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