New Aspects of Coin Measurement in Quality Inspection

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1 New Aspects of Coin Measurement in Quality Inspection Dr. Ralf Freiberger Technical Forum Berlin 2018 Ralf Freiberger

2 2 Overview 1. Purpose 2. Determination of dimensions Summary and outlook

3 3 Purpose Determination of dimensions Quality (blanks) Check for counterfeits (coins)

4 4 Purpose COIN INSPECT (2-side check, 3000 parts/min) COIN TEST STATION (1-side check, 10 parts/min)

5 5 Determination of dimensions COIN INSPECT

6 6 Determination of dimensions Diameter: Thickness: s = 4 µm s = 14 µm 3000 / min Special optical design Exposure time (= flash time) 100 µs v = 0.5 m/s High contrast in images (black 0 % to white 100 %)

7 Quantity New aspects of coin measurement in quality inspection 7 Determination of dimensions Gaussian bell curve s = 4 µm 68% -s +s 95% -2s +2s Diameter in mm Diameter (example) 68% of all measured values from a mm blank are within ± 4 µm 95% of all measured values from a mm blank are within ± 8 µm

8 8 COIN TEST STATION

9 9 XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) implemented (patent pending)

10 10 Concept: Combination of vision and EMS/XRF Vision monitors Vision units incl. EMS or XRF Magazine loader Mobile Frame Coin output

11 11 Why not only vision or EMS or XRF to check for counterfeit coins? Lets have a look inside some coins!

12 12 Cut Polish Polish of genuine coin

13 13 #1 (genuine) a-cu-structure wrought alloy #2 (counterfeit) a-cu-structure wrought alloy #3 (counterfeit) Aluminum cast alloy

14 14 Cupronickel CuNi25 #1 (genuine) and #2 (counterfeit) a-cu-structure cubic area-centered twinned grain boundaries wrought alloy

15 15 #3 (counterfeit) aluminum cast alloy copper nickel

16 16 #1 (genuine) steep relief #2 (counterfeit) flat relief ( impact-dies) wrought alloy plastic deformation

17 symbolic illustrations for demonstration 17 #1 (genuine) steep relief #2 (counterfeit) flat relief ( impact-dies) specially designed lighting

18 18 #1 (genuine) steep relief

19 19 #2 (counterfeit) flat relief

20 20 #1 (genuine) rim is symmetrical (obverse/reverse) #2 (counterfeit) rim is asymmetrical (obverse/reverse)

21 21 #3 (counterfeit) steep relief corrosive attack during polishing cow pattern

22 22 #3 (counterfeit) surface (field): high roughness

23 23 #3 (counterfeit) shrinkage cavities thickness not constant

24 24 #3 (counterfeit) etched with NaOH Al-mixed crystal grains (bright) and solidified eutectic from Al and intermetalic compound (grey)

25 25 #1 (genuine) a-cu-structure wrought alloy Optical method (XRF) EMS Optical method XRF EMS #2 (counterfeit) a-cu-structure wrought alloy How to distinguish #3 (counterfeit) Aluminum cast alloy

26 26 Why not only vision or EMS or XRF to check for counterfeit coins? The combination of these methods increases the detection performance dramatically!

27 27 : XRF Example: XRF XRF = X-Ray Fluorescence Bremsstrahlung photoelectric effect emission of characteristic fluorescent X-rays Energy dispersive measurement (EDXRF) Checks for the right alloy (qualitatively and quantitatively) Penetration depth 100 µm Checks for the correct composition of the material (order number Z=12 (Mg) or higher) Detects slightest contaminations with other elements, especially with high order number Mg / Al / Si longer time for measurement because of less energy from emitter (SNR) 3-4 sec / object

28 28 : XRF Examples of composition of cupronickel-counterfeits Cu Ni Zn Sn Pb Mn Fe mass % s < 0.4 % Genuine coins have a ratio of 25 % nickel (Ni) and 75 % copper (Cu), but +/- 1%

29 29 Summary and outlook Determination of dimensions for blanks: precision few full speed Outlook: Measurement of thickness at several points for fake-check: vision + XRF 100 % check Outlook: Measurement at different points on coins

30 30 Thank you very much for your attention! Questions? Please also visit us at booth T40.

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