Image 1. Artist Kara Walker in front of one of her pieces at Sikkema Jenkins & Co., an art gallery in New York, in Photo by: Tina Fineberg/AP.

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1 Artists: Kara Walker By The Art Story, adapted by Newsela staff on Word Count 825 Level 820L Image 1. Artist Kara Walker in front of one of her pieces at Sikkema Jenkins & Co., an art gallery in New York, in Photo by: Tina Fineberg/AP. Synopsis: Kara Walker shocked the art world in the 1990s. She used silhouettes made of paper cutouts. Silhouettes show the outline of an image, usually in black on white paper. They were popular in the 1800s. At first, Walker's silhouettes seem to remind people of an earlier, simpler time. Then we notice that they are nightmarish scenes of the history of the American South. Her work shows ugly stereotypes about African-Americans. At first, audiences called her work offensive, and the art world was divided. Was this a step backward or forward? Years later, Walker still pushes us to think about racism both in the past and in the present. This article is available at 5 reading levels at 1

2 Key Ideas Walker's art is based on history. Her scenes are also based on literature and on the Bible. She often makes use of silhouettes in her work. Walker says that silhouettes and stereotypes are similar because both say "a lot with very little information." The silhouette also allows Walker to play tricks on the eye. She forces us to question what we know and see. From far away, some images look like peaceful scenes from the South. But when you take a closer look, you see that they're really about racism and the terrible treatment of African-Americans. Childhood Walker was born in Stockton, California, in Her father was a painter and a professor. She was interested in being an artist since she was 3 years old. When she was 13, she moved with her parents to Stone Mountain, Georgia, which still had Ku Klux Klan rallies. The Ku Klux Klan is a violent group that has killed black people because it believes that white people are better. This article is available at 5 reading levels at 2

3 At her new high school, Walker was discriminated against for being African-American. She was called hateful names. She felt unwelcome and alone, so she spent much of her time at the library reading books. The books she read had images of the South and helped her understand its customs and traditions. This article is available at 5 reading levels at 3

4 Early Training And Career This article is available at 5 reading levels at 4

5 Walker studied painting and printmaking at the Atlanta College of Art. She was especially interested in the topic of race in America. She attended graduate school at the Rhode Island School of Design, where she began using silhouettes in her artwork. Later, Walker showed her art in a series of exhibits. In 1998, she received the MacArthur Foundation Achievement Award, also known as the "genius grant." She was the youngest person ever to receive it. The grant gave her money for a few years so she could concentrate on her art. Many people still did not like how Walker was using stereotypes. Critics said she kept ugly stereotypes alive. Others defended her and said that she showed how ridiculous these stereotypes are. Mature Period Today, Walker is a star of the art world. She always plans her projects carefully. Walker started the viewers' shadows in her artwork. This makes the viewer a part of the art. She was also a professor at Columbia University in New York and then the head of the Visual Arts program at This article is available at 5 reading levels at 5

6 Rutgers University in New Jersey. She has been a dedicated teacher to young artists. She tells her students that art is not easy. She says artists should not be afraid of showing important ideas even if they make people uncomfortable. Legacy At first, many people were against Walker's work. But this made her even more famous and sparked discussions about racism in art. Walker always said that her job was to make viewers think. She did not let them avoid ideas that make them uncomfortable or even angry. In 2007, Time magazine included Walker on its list of the 100 most influential Americans. In 2008, the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York held an exhibit of Walker's work. Her example has led other artists to ask questions about stereotypes and why they have lasted so long. This article is available at 5 reading levels at 6

7 Quiz 1 Which sentence from the article BEST supports the article's central idea? (A) (B) (C) (D) But when you take a closer look, you see that they're really about racism and the terrible treatment of African-Americans. When she was 13, she moved with her parents to Stone Mountain, Georgia, which still had Ku Klux Klan rallies. She attended graduate school at the Rhode Island School of Design, where she began using silhouettes in her artwork. In 2008, the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City held an exhibit of Walker's work. 2 One MAIN idea of the article is that Kara Walker uses racial stereotypes in her art to shock the viewer. What is another MAIN idea of the article? (A) (B) (C) (D) Walker has changed the way she works over the years to satisfy the people who dislike her art. Walker hopes her art will entertain her viewers and cause them to see history in an interactive way. Walker has overcome the negative criticism of her work and become a famous artist. Walker has had to continue to explain the meaning of her work to viewers who do not understand. 3 If this article were organized as cause and effect, which section would come FIRST? (A) (B) (C) (D) "Key Ideas" "Childhood" "Early Training And Career" "Legacy" This article is available at 5 reading levels at 7

8 4 Read the section "Key Ideas" and the final section, "Legacy." What is the connection between those two sections? (A) (B) (C) (D) The sections show that Walker's work has changed over time because of the reactions to her work. The sections show that Walker has continued to use the same ideas in her work successfully. The sections give examples of negative racial stereotypes that Walker is trying to expose in her artwork. The sections reinforce the idea that Walker's work is made to trick the viewer and to make the viewer angry. This article is available at 5 reading levels at 8

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