1 The World of Paper

Transcription

1 1 The World of Paper INGEDE Seminar 7 November 2008 Zagreb Andreas Faul The paperless society not really a reality

2 Important paper grades Printing and publication paper Newsprint paper Uncoated magazine paper Coated magazine paper Woodfree papers Paper for office and administration Copy paper, papers for digital printing Safety paper, banknote paper Packaging paper and board Corrugated paper Folding boxboard Hygiene paper Facial tissue, kitchen towels, napkins Toilet tissue, crepe paper Specialty paper and board File and book covers Filter paper Transparent paper Condenser paper, cigarette paper Release paper Paper and board for cores Significant properties of printing and publication paper Newsprint paper high content of recovered paper Basis weight g/m² machine finished Uncoated magazine paper Recovered paper, mechanical pulp, chemical pulp high filler content super calendered Coated magazine paper (LWC) Mechanical pulp, chemical pulp, recovered paper (some) Pigment coating (Clay, calcium carbonate) high smoothness, tight surface Basis weight g/m² Mostly for rotogravure printing Woodfree paper neither recovered paper nor groundwood, only chemical pulp High brightness Folio size

3 Traditional hand papermaking Deckle Dipping Draining Drying Calendering Pressing Couching Source: Verband Deutscher Papierfabriken Early papermaking 105 AD: Chinese minister Tsai Lun for the first time describes the draining of a suspension of plant fibres 1144 AD: First European paper mill near Valencia, Spain Fabriano, Italy, before 1276; Troyes, France,1348; Nuremberg, Germany, 1390 Source: Zauberstoff Papier

4 Papermaking for centuries was handicraft Papiermühle G. Strada (1618) Der Papierer from: Christoph Weigel (1698) Source: Zauberstoff Papier Early papermaking Beater from machine factory Germania in Chemnitz for fibre processing (earlier rags) Source: Zauberstoff Papier

5 Early papermaking Source: Zauberstoff Papier The first real paper machine Donkins machine for making continuous papers. From: Bossange und Vater, Berlin at 1820 Source: Zauberstoff Papier

6 Early industrial paper manufacturing Start-up of the first paper machine at mill Schongau (1905) Source: Zauberstoff Papier Modern paper machine... has a wire width of about 10 m and produce at a speed of 2000 m/min Source: Propapier PM1 GmbH

7 Modern paper machine Wire Section Presses Dryer Section Source: Voith Paper Calender Coater Supercalender Rewind Slitter Calender Modern types Online calender Janus calender Soft - Nip Source: Voith Paper

8 Modern coater Source: Voith Paper The papermaking principle An artificial product Non-polluting because of renewable natural fibre and natural minerals A highly functional, indispensable product (information carrier, packaging, special papers,...) A fibre network Sheet formation with fibre

9 Raw materials Fibres Fillers Additives Recovered paper Virgin plant fibres for paper making Wood ca. 94% Annual plants ca. 6% - Straw - Bagasse - Grass Alfa- and Esparto grass, Bamboo - Reed - Cotton, linters - Hemp, flex

10 Pigments and fillers Printing and writing paper are filled with mineral pigments Fillers improve printability, upgrade whiteness and are cheaper than pulp Drawback: All fillers weaken the fibre-to-fibre bonding; the paper tends to pick in offset printing This results in contamination of the blanket by pieces of fibres Coating colour Pigment (similar to filler but higher quality) Binder (such as Styrene-Butadiene-Latex) Dispersion agent Water Like wall paint

11 Pulping processes Virgin fibres need to be pulped to be made suitable for papermaking: Mechanical pulping Grinding, refining Chemical pulping Digestion Hybrid pulping Chemical pre-treatment before mechanical pulping and subsequently prepared Secondary fibres (recovered paper) are already pulped and only need to be prepared World production of pulp and paper 2005 Usage in t Production in t Recovered paper Other fibre Chemical pulp Mechanical pulp Raw material Paper production 0 Source: Verband Deutscher Papierfabriken

12 Volumes of RP utilisation and paper production in the world 2005 Recovered paper utilisation Paper production Other contries 16% EU 25 25% Other contries 17% EU 25 29% North America 21% North America 30% Asia 38% Asia 24% Source: Verband Deutscher Papierfabriken Share of paper grades (world 2005) Other paper and board 10% Newspaper 11% Other graphic paper 31% Packaging paper 48% Source: Verband Deutscher Papierfabriken