The Man-Machine-Man(M 3 ) Interfacing With the Blue Brain Technology
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1 e-issn Volume 3 Issue 7, July 2017 pp Scientific Journal Impact Factor : The Man-Machine-Man(M 3 ) Interfacing With the Blue Brain Technology Kodi Balasriram M.Tech Control and Automation Dept., Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India, balasriram.kodi@gmail.com Abstract Human brain is the invaluable and quintessential creation of god, but search creation comes to end when a person reaches to the last phase of his life. The man acquires the knowledge and responds to the things because of the brain. In this research paper I used to describe how a human brain intelligence can be preserve for the future generation and how the Man-Machine-Man (M 3 ) interface is possible with the blue brain project. The main aim of this project is to upload human brain into machine. So, that man can think, take decision without any effort. After the death of the body, the virtual brain will act s as the man. So even after the death of a person we will not lose the knowledge, intelligence, personalities, feelings and memories of the man. That can be used for the development of the human society. This paper has a information about the stages, requirements of the modules to interface, merits and demerits of the technology for the human world. Keywords Blue brain, Nanobots, Visual feedback, EEG, Pre-processing framework. I. INTRODUCTION The goal of this project is to reverse engineer the brain into a supercomputer. For this a project called Blue Brain Project began in July 2005 as coopetition between professor Henry Markram and IBM the neocortical coloumn. The project is founded at the Ecole Polytechnic Fdrale de Lausanne(EEPFL) in the Lausanne, Switzerland. The main goals of this project was to gain a complete understanding of the brain and to enable better and faster evolution of brain affliction treatment. The research involves studying segments of living brain contention using microscopes and patch clamp electrodes. Data is collected about all the many different neurons types by the small robots called nanobots. This input is used to build biologically realistic models of neurons and networks of neurons. By designing that a visual feedback is formed between the man and machine which helps to store the data and transfer of data. This helps in the man-machine interface[1]. As august-2012 the largest simulations are of micro-circuits containing around 100 cortical columns such simulations involves approximately 1 million neurons and 1 billion synapse. A full human brain simulation (86 billions neurons) should be possible by 2023 provided sufficient funding is received[2]. 1.1Why blue brain? To we are developed because of our intelligence. Intelligence is the inborn quality that cannot be created. After the death of a person, virtual brain will act as a person so we will not lose the knowledge, intelligence, personalities, feelings and memories of that man that can be used for the development of the human society. Certain super brains like that of Steve Jobs, or Stephen Hawkings could be interfaced with computer to develop super computers[3]. II. INTERFACING METHODOLOGY WITH BLUE BRAIN TECHNOLOGY The Man-Machine-Man(M 3 ) Interfacing with blue brain technology was done with fallowing devices which are interconnected with each other. The interfacing is possible only when the nanobots are inserted in to the human blood by capsule or injection by the medicine. The nanobots which are when to the blood, starts circulating in the blood and take the information between the neurons with the electrical impulse. Because neurons are communicated with each other by the electrical All rights Reserved 7
2 in our body. During the data transformation from one neurons to another neurons these nanobots will theft the information from the neurons and sent outside with the help of electrodes or the signal transmitters. Figure 2.1 shows the interfacing unit. Figure 2.1 Interfacing diagram 2.1. Analog/Digital Converter To take signals that are generated from the nanobots and brain neurons simulations the electrodes are connected to the human brain which can collect the information from the neurons simulations. These signals are basically analog in nature to convert that signals in to digital these signals are sent to through a high resolution analog to digital converter in sub-100nm technology which can convert the analogy signal in to machine understandable language i.e. digital (0 and 1) and that digital signal was transmitted to data acquisition[4]. 2.2 Data Acquisition(DAQ) Data acquisition (DAQ) is the process of measuring an electrical or physical phenomenon such as voltage, current, temperature, pressure, or sound with a computer. A DAQ system consists of sensors, DAQ measurement hardware, and a computer with programmable software. Compared to traditional measurement systems, PC-based DAQ systems exploit the processing power, productivity, display, and connectivity capabilities of industry-standard computers providing a more powerful, flexible, and cost-effective measurement solution[5] Modality for DAQ The modalities used for data acquisition in blue brain technology was listed below Electroencephalogram (EEG) Electrocorticographic (ECoG) Local field potential (LFP) 2.3 Pre-Processing Framework Pre-processing framework is framework, which is used for the data and signal processing used for the interfacing man-machine-man, with blue brain technology. The pre-processing framework architecture Is a typical architecture used in the interfacing which involves stages of modules and processing All rights Reserved 8
3 This pre-processing framework starts from the sample experiments and ends with the simulations. we can say that pre-processing unit is the major unit in the interfacing because the sequence of the steps are carried out in that is more and information is analysed based on the nature and sent to the feature extraction and classification. The figure 2.2 shows the flowchart of the pre-processing framework used in the blue brain technology. Figure 2.2 Pre-processing Framework 2.4 Feature Extraction and classification The feature extraction and classification block main function is to find the feature of the data taken from the signal and classified in to common categories which are in nature and sent to the data translation system. 2.5 Translation The translation system (or) translater which is used to translate the signals coming from the feature extraction and classification block are translated in to machine language. From the translation system the signal or data is sent to the interfacing devices such as Robotic arms Wheel All rights Reserved 9
4 Cursors SPC/ERS International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Research (IJCTER) Andro Humanoid Robots In this paper the main interfacing is deals with the andro humanoid robots which are think like a human with intelligence. This reverse engineering method is done by using blue brain technology. 2.6 Visual Feedback Visual feedback the term indicating that by the visual we can transmit or receive the data. Modern approaches in neuroscience and engineering have led to development of technologies that allows the control of the electric drives through real time decoding of brain activity. Through the felling of controlling bodily movements has been well studied. For the visual feedback the main problem is to transmit the signals from one to another. For example: when the man is moving the hands the signals as to be transmit to the machine and that has to respond and the same way when the machine is responding the human also has to responds by receiving the signal or input from the machine i.e. in case of andro humanoid robots this phenomenon will works. To responds like that whatever the functioning organs present inside and outside the body that as to present to the machine also. Then only the visual feedback is possible. Figure 2.3 shows the replicating organs for the visual feedback in andro humanoid robots[6]. Figure 2.3 Replicating organs for the visual feedback III. NANOBOTS Nanobots play a vital role in the interfacing the man-machine-man with blue brain technology. Nanobots are nothing but small robots which are in the size of These nanobots are injected in to humans to collect the data, tumor or disease location. In the field of medical sciences nanobots play a vital role to identify the disease and to cure the disease. Coming to this paper nanobots are used in different manner i.e. they are used for the collection of data from neurons and transmits to the outside device. Coming to the key components and the design attributes of the nanobots are listed below[7], Size and All rights Reserved 10
5 Sensors Means of mobility/propulsion Power generation Data storage Telemetry and transmission Control and navigation Basically nanobots are classified into two types based on their function and usage. Assemblers Self-replicators In this project we are using the assemblers type of nanobots to interface with the machines. These nanobots are sent to the human body by the capsules which is shown in figure 2.4. Figure 2.4 showing the nanobots in the capsules After enter in to the human body the nanobots are start to disperse and collect the data from the each and neurons and be transmitted. Figure 2.5 shows the interfacing nanobots with cells. Figure 2.5 Interfacing nanobots with the cells IV. MERITS AND DEMERITS OF THE BLUE BRAIN TECHNOLOGY WHEN 4.1 MERITS INTERFACING WITH MAN-MACHINE-MAN 1. The man to machine interfacing is possible so that intelligence of a person can be saved for thousands of All rights Reserved 11
6 2. It can be used for the physically challenged persons. Ex : Scientist Stephen hawking who is disability person. 3. The activity and thinking of the different animals can be understood by interpretation of electric impulse from the brain. 4. Without the presence of the human decisions can be made. 4.2 DEMERITS 1. Humans are going to more dependent on the computers so the self-thinking capability of human brain decreases. 2. Information become more public so that any unauthorized person can access the information. 3. Since it approach to make the machines thought full and intelligence which may lead to war between machines and humans (like we have been watched the movies like Robo, terminator). V. APPLICATIONS 1. Data of 100 years can be tested and implemented. 2. Neural code can be cracked and modified as per the conveyance. 3. Complete brain and human body can be studied. 4. Diseases can be identified and curried easily VI. CONCLUSION Human brain is the most complicated network of circuitry in the world. To interface that to machine and vice versa is more complex. To transfer ourselves in to a super computer it will take at least more than 10 years The serious problems can be solved in future by using this interfacing technology. The development of the nanotechnology for the developed of the nanobots can be take more time. Advanced and intelligent converts and sensors are to developed to adopt this technology. Visual feedback system as to be developed so that direct contact with machines is possible. In future we can transfer the data wireless without using the electrodes which has to be connected for the sensing of the information. With the advancement of technology the interface can be made easily. REFERENCES [1] Nakul Ghimire, Mr. Fahad Iqbal, "Blue brain", International Journal of Computer science and information Technology Research, Vol. 2, Issue. 2, April-June [2] Priya Babel, Blue brain The future generation, Research Journal of Computer and Information Technology Services, Vol. 3(2), 1-5, May [3] Surya Verma, Bhumika Kohli, Blue brain, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 10, October [4] Khandaker Mohammad Raisul Amin, Shaji Kawahito, A high-resolution analog to digital converter design for sub- 100nm technology using folding-integration technique, Informatics, Electronics and Vision (ICIEV), International conference, May 2014, Published in IEEE. [5] Luyongsun, Hengheng Xie, Xiangwang, Yuguang wu, Research of data acquisition and display system for flow instrumentation verification equipment, Information Science and Engineering (ICISE), nd International Conference, 4-6 Dec 2010, Published in IEEE. [6] Nanthan Evans, Steven Gale, Aaron Schruger, Olaf Blanke, Visual feeback dominates the sense of agency for brainmachine action, Journals. Plos, June 12, [7] Nagal, Dr. SS. Mehta, Swatisharma, Guneet singh Mehta, Nanobots and their application in Bio-medical engineering, Seek digital library, Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, All rights Reserved 12
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