To begin your trail on the Cathedral floor, find the memorial to Nelson in the South Transept.

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1 Horatio Nelson is one of Britain s great heroes. He fought in the Napoleonic Wars. These were battles between Britain, France and other countries, between 1799 and At the battle of Trafalgar in 1805 Nelson led the fleet that defeated the French and Spanish navies. Britain then ruled the waves for the next 100 years. As you walk around St Paul s today, see if you can find the answers to these questions which will help you learn about Nelson and the sailors who fought bravely with him. To begin your trail on the Cathedral floor, find the memorial to Nelson in the South Transept. 1. When was Nelson born? (clue: Go to the last page to help you work out the Roman numerals!) 2. Nelson s uncle was the captain of a ship. In 1770 he joined the ship. How old was he when he first went to sea? 3. Look carefully at the different parts of the memorial. What kind of clothes is Nelson wearing?

2 The monument shows a woman in a helmet talking to two boys who are about the age Nelson was when he joined the navy. They are wearing midshipmen uniforms. The midshipman s job was to look after sailors who were much older than he was. The lady is called Britannia, who is known as the spirit of Britain. Is the lion roaring or being sea sick do you think? Nelson was nearly always seasick when he went to sea. Draw part of the monument here. 4. What is Nelson s hand resting on? 5. Nelson lost his right eye and right arm in battles. Fill in the names of these battles that he fought in. N _ T C _ 7. At the battle of 6. Nelson died during one of these battles, but which one? (Clue: there is a big square in London named after the battle). Trafalgar Nelson was on board his famous ship which can still be seen in Portsmouth harbour. What was it called? V is a clue!

3 8. There are other sailors who have memorials in the South Transept, how many can you find? 9. Find the memorial to Cuthbert Lord Collingwood, what is he holding? 10. How old was Admiral Earl Howe when he died? Now find the memorials under the windows on the South Side of the Nave. Look carefully at the memorial to another great sailor, George Blagdon Westcott. 11. Of which ship was he the Captain? 12. How many years had he been at sea? 13. How many ships can you count on the monument? 14. Westcott died in a battle at a place called Abouki. Do you think it is a hot or cold country? (Clue: look at the tree on the memorial!) Carry on walking down the Nave to the monument to Richard Rundle Burges. He was commander of a ship called The Ardent. 15. How many human faces can you find on the base of his monument? Draw one of them.

4 Now move across to the North Transept and find the memorial to Captain Robert Faulkner. 16. In the monument, the dying Faulkner is being held by the Roman god of the sea, Neptune. What is Neptune s special symbol? Go down the Nave and you will find the largest memorial we have in St Paul s. It looks like someone is buried here but they are not. This is the memorial to the Duke of Wellington. He is buried in St Paul s but in the crypt like most people are. He also fought in the Napoleonic wars. He defeated Emperor Napoleon at the battle of Waterloo in How many Battle names can you find written round the base of the memorial? Now go downstairs to the crypt. Find the tomb of Horatio Nelson. It is right under the dome area. The size of it shows what an important person Nelson was! When he was killed at the Battle of Trafalgar it was decided that his funeral should be held here at St Paul s. What is written on the side of the tomb? Look at the mosaic floor around it. What objects and shapes can you find? Make a list:

5 Still in the Crypt find the memorial to Captain George Duff on the wall near Nelson s tomb. 20. He died on what date? 21. Which battle was he helping Nelson fight when he died? 22. What was the name of his ship? There is a bell somewhere in the Nelson chamber, in the Crypt. 23. What was the ship called that this bell came from? Horatio Nelson s brother William is also buried in the crypt. Find his memorial. 24. When Nelson was killed, William inherited all his brother s titles and honours. What were they? Opposite Captain Duff s memorial is another one, high up on the wall. 25. Who is it to? 26. What was his ship called? Draw one of the figures here.

6 Roman Numerals Many dates in St. Paul s are written in Roman Numerals, using letters instead of the numbers we use today. M = 1000 L = 50 D = 500 X = 10 C = 100 V = 5 I = 1 To work out the date, you need to add the Roman numerals together. For example, 1801 is: MDCCCI M (1000) + D (500) + CCC (100 x 3)+ I = 1801 If a smaller numeral appears before a larger one, you take it away. For example, XL = = 40 IV = 5-1 = 4 If there is a line above the letter, it turns the number into thousands as in the cartoon above ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS HMS Valiant Baron Nelson of the Nile 3. Admirals Tailcoat and medals 14. Hot 2. Viscount 4. Anchor Duke of Sicily 5. Nile Trafalgar Copenhagen 16. Trident 25. Captain John Cooke 6. Trafalgar in The Bellerophon 7. HMS Victory Lots! 19. Horatio Visc Nelson 9. Sword st October Trafalgar 11. The Majestic 22. Mars