WHAT IS AN ARCHETYPE?

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2 WHAT IS AN ARCHETYPE? noun 1. the original pattern or model from which all things of the same kind are copied or on which they are based; a model or first form; prototype. 2. (in Jungian psychology) a collectively inherited unconscious idea, pattern of thought, image, etc., universally present in individual psyches. 2

3 WHAT IS AN ARCHETYPE? Think of an archetype as being the first model or prototype of something. The Model T was the first prototype of the modern automobile. In literature, the same type of characters, situations, and symbols have been modeled for many years in many different types of stories. 3

4 CARL JUNG Carl Jung sought to explain the reason behind these patterns in literature. He discovered that humans have that humans have a preconscious PSYCHIC disposition. In other words, humans all share certain unconscious, INSTINCTUAL ideas, dreams and notions. When these ideas come out in images or in literature, we call them ARCHETYPES. 4

5 CARL JUNG According to Jung, archetypes are a result of a Universal Unconsciousness, and because of this, Universal Patterns begin to surface in art. 5

6 SO, WHAT DOES THIS MEAN? We all share a collective unconscious or a subconscious mental record of all common human experiences. Archetypes are universal themes that express our collective unconscious. 6

7 This shared collective unconscious is why so many stories, tales, epics and parables share SIMILAR characters, symbols, themes and stages of plot development; even literature written in different parts of the world, in different CULTURES and at different times in HISTORY! 7

8 ARCHETYPE REDEFINED It is a recurring pattern of characters, situations, or symbols existing universally and instinctively in man s unconscious. 8

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10 HERO/HEROINE The hero/heroine is the character who must fulfill a necessary task and who will restore, fertility, harmony, and/or justice to a community. 10

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12 JOURNAL BREAK Choose one of these topic to write about in your journal. Explain how an experience has transformed you. OR What is the symbolic cave you fear to enter? Explain. 12

13 CHARACTERISTICS OF A HERO/HEROINE Mysterious birth Leaves family Experiences a traumatic event Loses favor Wields a special weapon Has supernatural help Proves himself Is often reborn in some way Realizes that they have the power all along A hero does not need to have all of these characteristics to be considered an archetypical hero!! 13

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15 Wizard of Oz Hero's Journey 15

16 STAGES OF THE HERO S JOURNEY The Ordinary World Most stories take the hero out of the ordinary, mundane world into a Special World, new and alien. 16

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18 The Call to Adventure The hero is presented with a problem, challenge, or adventure to undertake. Once presented with a call to adventure, he/she can no longer remain indefinitely in the comfort of the ordinary world. STAGES OF THE HERO S JOURNEY 18

19 THE CALL TO ADVENTURE Q 19

20 Refusal of the Call (The Reluctant Hero) This one is about fear. STAGES OF THE HERO S JOURNEY The hero balks or hesitates at the threshold of adventure. 20

21 REFUSAL OF THE CALL g 21

22 Mentor (Wise Old Man or Woman) The relationship between the hero and Mentor is one of the most common themes in mythology. It stands for the bond between parent and child, teacher and student, god and man. STAGES OF THE HERO S JOURNEY 22

23 Crossing the First Threshold STAGES OF THE HERO S JOURNEY The hero finally commits to the adventure and fully enters the Special World of the story for the first time. 23

24 CROSSING THE FIRST THRESHOLD 24

25 Tests, Allies, and Enemies The hero naturally encounters new challenges and tests, makes allies and enemies, and begins to learn the rules of the Special World. STAGES OF THE HERO S JOURNEY 25

26 MEETING OF THE ENEMY dg 26

27 MEETING OF AN ALLY 27

28 EXAMPLE OF A TEST Zc 28

29 Approach to the Inmost Cave The hero comes at last to the edge of a dangerous place, sometimes deep underground, where the object of the quest is hidden. STAGES OF THE HERO S JOURNEY 29

30 APPROACH TO THE INMOST CAVE o 30

31 APPROACH TO THE INMOST CAVE 31

32 The Supreme Ordeal STAGES OF THE HERO S JOURNEY Here the fortunes of the hero hit bottom in a direct confrontation with his greatest fear. 32

33 STAGES OF THE HERO S JOURNEY Reward (Seizing the Sword) The hero now takes possession of the treasure (reward) he/she has come seeking. Sometimes the sword is knowledge that leads to greater understanding or reconciliation with hostile forces. In many stories the loved one is the treasure the hero has come to win or recuse. 33

34 THE ORDEAL/THE REWARD 34

35 The Road Back STAGES OF THE HERO S JOURNEY This stage marks the return into the Ordinary World. 35

36 THE ROAD BACK 36

37 STAGES OF THE HERO S JOURNEY Resurrection Death and darkness get in one last, desperate shot before being finally defeated. It s the final exam for the hero, who must be tested once more to see if he has really learned the lessons of the Supreme Ordeal. 37

38 THE RESURRECTION RGUTe2E 38

39 Return with the Elixir The hero returns to the Ordinary World, but the journey is meaningless unless he/she brings back some Elixir, treasure, or lesson from the Special World. STAGES OF THE HERO S JOURNEY 39

40 RETURN WITH THE ELIXIR s 40

41 THE HERO S JOURNEY IN THE HUNGER GAMES 41

42 ORDINARY WORLD 42

43 ORDINARY WORLD 43

44 THE CALL TO ADVENTURE 44

45 THE CALL TO ADVENTURE 45

46 REFUSAL OF THE CALL (THE RELUCTANT HERO) 46

47 REFUSAL OF THE CALL (THE RELUCTANT HERO) 47

48 MENTOR 48

49 MENTOR 49

50 CROSSING THE FIRST THRESHOLD 50

51 CROSSING THE FIRST THRESHOLD 51

52 TESTS, ALLIES, AND ENEMIES 52

53 TESTS, ALLIES, AND ENEMIES 53

54 TESTS, ALLIES, AND ENEMIES 54

55 APPROACH TO THE INMOST CAVE 55

56 APPROACH TO THE INMOST CAVE 56

57 THE SUPREME ORDEAL 57

58 THE SUPREME ORDEAL 58

59 REWARD (SEIZING THE SWORD) 59

60 REWARD (SEIZING THE SWORD) 60

61 THE ROAD BACK 61

62 THE ROAD BACK 62

63 RESURRECTION 63

64 RESURRECTION? 64

65 RETURN WITH ELIXIR 65

66 RETURN WITH ELIXIR? 66

67 In groups of 3, think of a book or movie that follows the hero s journey. You must complete all 7 steps on the back on your notes. Once your group is finished brainstorming, you must draw your hero s cycle and write your explanations on the chart paper provided. 67

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69 These individuals serve as teachers and counselors to the hero. They can work as role model or serve as a father or mother figure. MENTORS 69

70 FATHER-SON CONFLICT Separation Disagreement between father and son Resentment of father by his son 70

71 HUNTING GROUP COMPANIONS A group of hunting companions will become lost in the woods and unwillingly discover adventure and danger there. 71

72 LOYAL RETAINERS Noble sidekicks to the hero Their duty is to protect the hero Stand beside the main character through everything 72

73 FRIENDLY BEAST Appears to be a horrible monster, but has a heart of gold and helps our hero. 73

74 Redeemable devil figure (or servant to the devil figure) is saved by the hero s nobility or good heart. EVIL FIGURE WITH A GOOD HEART 74

75 Banished from a society or social group Usually destined to become a wanderer Disagrees with societal norms OUTCAST 75

76 Blamed for other s actions or wrongdoings Death (often in a public ceremony) excuses some sin of the community Death makes him or her a more powerful force than when they lived SCAPEGOAT 76

77 Represents evil incarnate May offer worldly goods, fame, or knowledge to the protagonist in exchange for the protagonists soul Main aim is to oppose the hero DEVIL FIGURE 77

78 CREATURE OF NIGHTMARE A monster that is summoned from the deepest, darkest parts of the human psyche Threatens the life of the hero 78

79 STAR-CROSSED LOVERS Two characters engaged in a love affair Fated to end tragically for one for both due to disapproval of society, friends, family, or the gods 79

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81 THE EARTH MOTHER Symbolic of fulfillment, abundance, and fertility Offers spiritual and emotional nourishment Mrs. Potts Mother Earth 81

82 Characterized by sensuous beauty Her physical attraction may bring about the hero s downfall Tempts our hero to abandon his quest, often with promises of riches, beauty, love or lust. THE TEMPTRESS 82

83 THE PLATONIC IDEAL A physical and spiritual ideal for whom the hero has an intellectual rather than physical attraction 83

84 THE UNFAITHFUL WIFE Married to a man she sees as dull or distant Attracted to a more handsome or interesting man Commits an act of infidelity Through her adultery, an entire kingdom, quest, or world may be destroyed. 84

85 THE DAMSEL IN DISTRESS Vulnerable woman who must be rescued by the hero May also be used by the evil figure, as a trap, to ensnare the hero 85

86 A relatively modern archetype where a female warrior battles evil with brute force, strength, and cunning. WARRIOR 86

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88 The search for someone or some talisman which, when found and brought back, will restore fertility to a wasted land or bring peace The desolate state of the land is mirrored by a leader's illness and disability. QUEST 88

89 TASK The hero must perform some super human deed to save the kingdom, to win the fair lady, or to assume his rightful position 89

90 Sends hero in search of some truth or information which is necessary to restore the kingdom The hero usually descends into a real or psychological hell and is forced to discover many unpleasant truths These unpleasant truths can involve the hero s own faults JOURNEY 90

91 An initiation symbolizes a right of passage into adulthood Very much connected with growing up and maturity Generally initiates the hero into adult life After an initiation, the adolescent will come with new awareness, maturity, skills, and hope for the community. INITIATION 91

92 This is the actual ceremony that will mark the initiate s rite of passage into another state of being. The ritual marks a right of passage THE RITUAL 92

93 Describes a descent from a higher to a lower state of being. The experience involves a loss of innocence and bliss Often accompanied by expulsion from a kind of paradise as penalty for disobedience THE FALL 93

94 DEATH AND REBIRTH The hero goes through some form of metamorphosis (usually physical, psychological AND spiritual) which, in some way, symbolizes, or is symbolized by, his/ her death and rebirth. 94

95 NATURE VS. MECHANISTIC Nature = good Technology & Society = bad WORLD 95

96 Mankind often shows eternal optimism in the continual portrayal of good triumphing over evil in spite of great odds. BATTLE BETWEEN GOOD AND EVIL 96

97 UNHEALABLE WOUND The wound is either physical or psychological damage and cannot be fully healed. Indicates a loss of innocence These wounds often ache and can drive the sufferer to desperate measures 97

98 THE MAGIC WEAPON A symbol of the hero s extraordinary quality No other can wield the weapon or use it to its full potential Traditionally given by a mentor 98

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100 LIGHT AND DARKNESS Light= enlightenment, wisdom, good, hope, renewal, intellectual illumination Darkness= the unknown, ignorance, evil 100

101 WATER AND DESERT Water= birth, rebirth, creation, purification, growth Desert= spiritual aridity, death, hopelessness, loss of faith Water may symbolize a spiritual birth 101

102 Supreme beings and mythological gods live in the skies Evil forces, including Satan, come from the underworld HEAVEN AND HELL 102

103 INNATE WISDOM VS. EDUCATED STUPIDITY Some characters exhibit wisdom and understanding of situations instinctively as opposed to those supposedly in charge. A hero often needs the guidance of innate wisdom. Loyal retainers often exhibit this wisdom as they accompany the hero on the journey. Sam from Lord of the Rings Alfred the Butler in Batman 103

104 HAVEN VS. WILDERNESS Havens are places of comfort and safety. The wilderness is portrayed as a place of danger. Heroes may seek havens for time to regain health and resources 104

105 Sun= creative energy, thinking, enlightenment, wisdom, spiritual vision Rising Sun= birth, creation, the beginning of something Setting Sun= death, the end of something THE SUN 105

106 COLORS Red: blood, sacrifice, passion, disorder, violence Green: growth, hope, fertility, nature Blue: tranquility, security, truth White: light, purity, innocence (negative: nothingness, terror, death) Yellow: enlightenment, wisdom Black: evil, darkness, chaos, mystery, the unknown, death 106

107 SERPENT/SNAKE/WORM Symbol of energy and pure force (libido), corruption, sensuality, destruction, evil 107

108 NUMBERS 3= light, spiritual awareness, unity, the trinity 4= mankind (four limbs), four seasons, four elements, life cycle 6= evil, sin, man 7= divinity (3) + mankind (4) = religious component of unity, completion of a cycle, perfect order 13= evil, unlucky Note: Many things come in sets of 7 Seven deadly sins Seven days of the week Seven colors of the rainbow 108

109 GARDEN Paradise, innocence, unspoiled beauty 109

110 Growth, proliferation, immortality, phallic symbol, denotes life of the cosmos Where we learn, tree of life, tree of knowledge TREE 110

111 SEASONS Spring= rebirth, genre= comedy Summer= life, genre= romance Fall= dying, descent, genre= tragedy Winter= death, nothingness, genre= irony 111