Science and Technology in Everyday Life. Dr. Janardan Kundu Physical Chemistry Division CSIR NCL Pune

Transcription

1 Science and Technology in Everyday Life Dr. Janardan Kundu Physical Chemistry Division CSIR NCL Pune

2 What is Science and Technology? SCARY?

3 Science & Technology is Anywhere & Everywhere

4 Do not be afraid of Science Science is Fun

5 Scientists are not all serious They are fun too

6 Name the Scientists Isaac Newton, C. N. R. Rao, C. V. Raman, Albert Einstein

7 Science is about making observations and ask the following questions: Why and How Logic & Reasoning are heavily utilized in Science

8 Power and Limitations of Science Science can explain many things that we see around us. Yet there are things that science can not explain Keeping an open mind is the most important aspect of modern Science Consider some daily life encounters with science

9 Water (H 2 O) H O H Our planet Earth & our body primarily consists of water

10 Water commonly exists in the following inter-convertible forms: Solid (ice), Liquid (water), gas (steam)

11 What is this process? Ice melting into liquid water

12 Inter-conversion of forms of water Heating/cooling is required for these inter-conversions

13 Science behind these inter-conversions

14 Evaporation

15 Evaporation in action: Drying Clothes Drying clothes in winter is faster than in rainy days Humidity present in the air matters

16 Why Evaporation causes Cooling

17 Why do we Perspire (sweat)? Thermoregulation (maintaining body temperature) needs sweating Evaporative cooling in action

18 Boiling Water boils at 100 ⁰C Water at 1 atmosphere Pressure boils at 100 ⁰C Water at 0.33 atmosphere Pressure (Mount Everest) boils at 71 ⁰C

19 Boiling water at 1 Atm.

20 Higher the surrounding pressure, higher is the boiling temperature of the liquid Boiling temperature & Pressure acting on the liquid are connected

21 Pressure cooker

22 Let s go inside a kitchen Common Indian Kitchens Everyday Cooking involves Science

23 Tips for Cooking How do you boil potato/egg in water? When boiling potato/eggs in Water, add some salt to cook it faster Elevation of boiling point

24 Why is Salt Used on Icy Roads? To melt the slippery ice on the road Working principle: Freezing point Depression

25 Elevation of Boiling Point

26 Light: What it does for us

27 Let s SEE Let there be light

28 What is a common theme In these two images?

29 What is a common theme In these two images? REFR ACTION

30 What is this process called?

31 Refraction in Action Common encounters with Refraction: Occurrence of mirage effect in deserts in summer Pencil partially dipped in glass filled with water seems to be bent at point of immersion Twinkling of star- light reaching to us has gone several refraction because of mediums A clear pool of water always appears to be shallower than it actually is Formation of a RAINBOW

32 Refraction

33 Refraction and it s extension

34 Rainbow

35 Mirages

36 Float or Sink? Density and Buoyancy are important

37 Will an Orange Sink in water? Answer: Depends on the nature of the orange

38 Why does it not hurt to cut your nails/hair?

39 Dead vs. Alive Cells

40 Beauty of a Lotus Leaf Rolling off of water from lotus leaves Self-cleaning surface

41 Lotus Effect micron sized pointed structures in Lotus leaf

42 Emulating Lotus Effect in the Lab Self-cleaning surface

43 Cricket The sultan of swing bowling Inswing and outswing balls

44 Swing Bowling in Action

45 Cricket Academy teaches how to swing ball Swing Bowling: Art

46 Swing Bowling: Science Low pressure Turbulent flow Slip Bowler Batsman (Right handed) High pressure Laminar flow Fine leg Outswinging ball

47 Inswinging ball High pressure Laminar flow Slip Bowler Ball flight direction Swing direction smooth rough Turbulent flow Low pressure Batsman (Right handed) Fine leg

48 SEASONS Axis of Rotation of Earth Summer, Winter, Fall, Spring

49 SEASONS

50 Instances of Science in Everyday life is countless You have to keep looking and Think how Science operates You may see the working of the science and sometimes you may not Science is powerful but has it s limitation and hence it is evolving

51 Unsolved Mysteries of Science 1) Why do we need sleep? Scientists simply don't know for sure. In broad terms, researchers believe it is to enable our bodies and especially our brains to recover

52 2) How do animals Migrate? Different animals use different navigational tools, including some who are able to tap into the Earth s magnetic field and use themselves like a compass. However, scientists still don t know how this trait evolved or how untrained animals know exactly where to go season after season.

53 3) Does intelligent life exist elsewhere? Why haven t we connected with anyone else yet? This is known as the Fermi Paradox. There are two (at least) possible explanations: One, there have been no messages from Aliens. Two, the messages are there, but nobody knows how to detect or recognize them.

54 4) Why and How Gravity works? While scientists do understand a great deal about how gravity acts, they aren t really sure why it exists. Why are atoms mostly empty space? Why is the force that holds atoms together different from gravity? Is gravity actually a particle (gravitons) or is it a wave (Gravitational waves)?

55 5) What is the nature of TIME? What s the nature of duration and the flow of time is it illusory or real in some elusive way? What about the direction of time does it always go forward? Why? Is time travel possible, or can messages at least be sent backward in time? Terminator series is a classic example where time travel has been implicated

56 Instances of Science in Everyday life is countless You have to keep looking and Think how Science operates You may see the working of the science and sometimes you may not Science is powerful but has it s limitation and hence it is evolving

57 Contact details: Dr. Janardan Kundu Physical Chemistry Division CSIR NCL Pune, Maharashtra, India Telephone: E mail: j.kundu@ncl.res.in