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2 Name: Notes on Charles Dickens and A Tale of Two Cities Charles Dickens Born in England in (1) (year) to a lower-middle class family Moved at age 10 to a poor area of London because of father s (2). Worked in a dirty, rat-infested shoe polish factory at age 12 after his father was imprisoned for (3) Acquired a strong sympathy for the (4) which is reflected in his novels. Early novels were filled with (5), (6), and (7). Novels of middle and later periods are (8) and (9). (10) and (11) are somewhat autobiographical. (12) and (13) are two historical novels. Hard Times in London In the 1850 s, during the (14), England was full of social and economic inequality. The urban poor was suffering the worst of times while the ruling class was enjoying the best of times Dickens feared that a (15) such as the one that shook France could not be avoided. During this time, Dickens wrote (list TWO) (16) (17) About the novel Dickens called it, (18). This is a stylistic change from his other novels, which feature (19) characters and are set mostly in England during his own time. Many of his characters in this novel are(20) in nature, representing ideas rather than individuals.

3 Allegory - (21) Like most of his novels, it was published serially, in two-chapter monthly magazine installments, and later as a complete book. (22)Why might this be advantageous to an author? A Tale of Two Cities his (23) novel of fifteen. Great Expectations was written only a year later. Setting of A Tale of Two Cities The action takes place over a period of eighteen years, from (24) to,some of which takes place as a flashback - (25) Novel is set mostly in London and Paris (the (26) ). For the historical background, Dickens relied on (27) (1837) written by his friend Thomas Carlyle. Carlyle wrote with passion and intensity of the events, which seemed relevant to the political turmoil that was currently occurring across Europe. Themes to Look For: Resurrection (28) vs. (29) (30) (31) and Also, pay attention to doubles, foils, and paradoxes. Ex. the best and worst of times two cities

4 Other Important Things Parallelism-(32) We came, we saw, we conquered. (33)ADD ONE HERE: Paradox-(34) He hears but does not listen. Under the surface, he is very shallow. (35)ADD ONE HERE: Antithesis-(36) Love is an ideal thing; marriage is a real thing. You re easy on the eyes; hard on the heart. (37)ADD ONE HERE: Juxtaposition-(38) A love song playing during violent war scenes in a movie A sweet, high-pitched voice juxtaposed with hard, heavy metal rock music (39)ADD ONE HERE:

5 Anaphora -(40) We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender. ~Winston Churchill (41)ADD ONE HERE: Main Characters: (42) (43) (44) (45) (46) (47) (48) (49) (50)

6 financial troubles 3. debt 4. poor 5. comic characters 6. gruesome villains 7. chatty narrators 8. darker versions of Victorian society 9. attack specific social problems 10. David Copperfield 11. Great Expectations 12. Barnaby Rudge 13. A Tale of Two Cities 14. Industrial Revolution 15. revolution Answers Choose two--bleak House, Hard Times, Little Dorritt, A Tale of Two Cities 18. the best story I have written 19. comic 20. allegorical 21. figure of speech in which abstract ideas are described in terms of characters, figures, and events 22. Student answers may vary; accept any reasonable response 23. twelfth interruptions to insert past events in order to provide background information or context 26. two cities

7 27. The French Revolution, a History 28. Honor vs. Dishonor 29. The effects of revenge and violence 30. The effects of corruption in the ruling class 31. Love and Sacrifice 32. balance of two or more words, phrases, or clauses in grammatically similar ways 33. Student answers may vary; accept any reasonable response 34. statement(s) that seem contradictory but have some truth 35. Student answers may vary; accept any reasonable response 36. contrast of ideas in balanced or parallel structure 37. Student answers may vary; accept any reasonable response 38. contrasting scenes, ideas, or items placed close together for contrast or emotional effect 39. Student answers may vary; accept any reasonable response 40. repetition of word or phrase at beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines 41. Student answers may vary; accept any reasonable response 42. Mr. Lorry 43. Jerry Cruncher 44. Ernest Defarge 45. Doctor Manette 46. Charles Darnay 47. Sydney Carton 48. Lucie Manette 49. Miss Pross 50. Madame Defarge