JOHNSON COUNTY RADIO AMATEURS CLUB INC. REPEATER MANUAL
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1 JOHNSON COUNTY RADIO AMATEURS CLUB INC. REPEATER MANUAL (-) MHz and (+) MHz CTCSS/PL Hz
2 JOHNSON COUNTY RADIO AMATEURS CLUB REPEATER MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction Club Information How to Use the Repeaters Standard Operating Procedures for the Repeaters Best Operating Practices Frequently Asked Questions Glossary Other Repeaters and Frequencies of Interest...14
3 INTRODUCTION Welcome to our club repeaters! We are sure that you will enjoy them for a long time to come. Repeaters greatly increase the reliability and utility of VHF and UHF FM communications, especially for mobile users in a metropolitan area. Without repeaters, mobile operation is limited to line-of-sight distance in most cases which can be just a few miles or less, depending on the terrain. The WØERH repeaters allow reliable communication over a 1,000 square mile area, covering most of the greater Kansas City Area. The repeaters are on MHz and MHz and are both located in Overland Park. Repeater operation is different than normal ham radio communications. The enormous capabilities of repeaters must be used wisely and there's often a great deal of misinformation circulating about them. That's exactly why we've created this manual. Whether you're a new ham or an experienced operator, we hope that the information in this manual enriches your operating experience. Sincerely, The Johnson County Radio Amateurs Club Board of Directors 1
4 CLUB INFORMATION The Johnson County Radio Amateurs Club was formed in l951 and met at the old Hickory Grove School in Mission, KS. In January of 1953 the club incorporated as a non-profit organization. The design of the club logo well describes its primary mission to provide public service by enabling its membership to practice the Amateur Radio art to the best of their abilities. The club supports many activities (such as Field Day, classes, and special projects) that encourage its members to advance in the practice of ham radio. The membership of the club has always been proactive about improving the organization. In the early 1990s discussions began regarding the construction of a VHF repeater system. It wasn't long before a collection was started. Many members generously donated funds and time to make the repeaters possible. The Club placed its first repeater, the MHz machine, on the air in It was initially located at the Leawood, KS police headquarters on Lee Boulevard. Over the years the machine relocated several times; locations included Roeland Park city hall, and even the Leawood back yard of Jim Hundley, KØGKL. The "29" repeater is now located at 87th and Grant in Overland Park, which is conveniently located on the Santa Fe ridge one of the highest elevations in Johnson County. In the late 1990s interest grew in developing a 440 MHz machine, and an open frequency on MHz was coordinated. The MHz repeater is located atop the headquarters of Black and Veatch at 112th and Lamar in Overland Park. 2
5 CLUB NETS The club operates two primary nets which are operated on the club's repeaters. Members are encouraged to participate whenever possible, as important information about upcoming meetings and events is often disseminated on these nets. Wheatshocker Net: 8:00 PM Thursday nights, (-) MHz. Occasional "afterglow" (informal gathering) on 10 meters, MHz USB at conclusion of this net. 440 Net: 8:00 PM Wednesday nights, (+) MHz MEETINGS The club meets at 7:30 pm EVERY SECOND AND FOURTH Friday of each month except November and December when there is only one meeting on the second Friday of the month. FIELD DAY The club sponsors Field Day activities the last full weekend of every June. PUBLIC SERVICE Club members assist in many Public Service events throughout the year. Please visit our web site for an up-to-date list of activities. INTERNET ADDRESS 3
6 MEMBERSHIP DUES One and two year memberships are available. They are payable by the end of the month you joined. Family and Legacy memberships are also available. Contact the Club Treasurer for more information. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE The following operators can provide technical assistance in using the features of the repeater. Tom Wheeler NØGSG Don Warkentien WØDEW Bill Brinker WAØCBW
7 HOW TO USE THE REPEATERS Accessing the repeaters requires that your 2-meter or 70-cm radio be configured for the correct frequency, offset, and tone. For the 2-meter repeater you should enter the frequency of MHz with a standard minus (-) offset of 600 khz. That means you transmit on MHz and receive on MHz with a PL (CTCSS) tone of Hz. The 70-centimeter repeater requires you to enter the frequency of with a standard plus (+) offset of 5 MHz. That means you transmit on MHz and receive on MHz with a tone of Hz. The repeaters require a PL TONE for access. You will need to set your transmitter for a CTCSS/PL TONE of Hz It is also a good idea to set your radio to always transmit a tone. This allows you to be heard by someone with a receiver set to the tone squelch mode. This is useful when you use talk-around to contact someone nearby, which bypasses the repeater. The use of tone squelch can enhance your listening by keeping your receiver muted when driving through areas of heavy intermod (intermodulation) interference, such as the downtown area. Putting your receiver into the tone-squelch mode means your receiver remains quiet unless a "correct" signal containing the appropriate tone code is received. The repeaters always transmit a PL Tone of Hz 5
8 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR THE REPEATERS The main purpose of the repeater is to support emergency and public service use. Normal transmissions should be as short as possible allowing emergency or public service traffic to access to the repeater. Each transmission should express a single thought, pausing for the courtesy tone between transmissions to permit break-in access to the repeater. This procedure will permit emergency or priority traffic access to the repeater. Fixed stations should give preference to mobile and hand held users. Repeated transmitter keying, unidentified transmissions, transmitting music or strange noises constitute illegal operation and place the station license in jeopardy. INFRACTIONS WILL CAUSE THE REPEATER TO BE SHUT DOWN UNTIL SUCH OPERATIONS CEASE. Please do not try to communicate with person(s) engaging in unidentified transmissions. They are usually looking for a reaction to their transmissions. The best course of action is to EITHER IGNORE THE TRANSMISSIONS OR SIGN OFF AND MOVE TO ANOTHER FREQUENCY. Make a note of the time and content of the transmission and then notify a repeater control operator. The repeater covers a large area and is monitored by many licensed and unlicensed listeners of all ages. BE CAREFUL OF THE CONTENT AND LANGUAGE YOU USE ON THE REPEATER. Please refrain from discussions and opinions that might be disturbing to others. Certain conditions, such as heavy traffic, bad weather, or an emergency of any kind could lead to someone 6
9 needing the repeater for emergency traffic. Be particularly careful to keep transmissions short and brief as necessary during these periods. IDENTIFY YOUR STATION AT THE END OF A TRANSMISSION OR SERIES OF TRANSMISSIONS AND AT LEAST ONCE EACH 10 MINUTES DURING THE COMMUNICATIONS AS REQUIRED BY THE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION. If you are testing, key the repeater and say your call and identify your transmissions as a test. Keep your test as short as possible. If you are checking to see if the repeater is working, key the repeater, announce your call and say something like checking for repeater access. Your membership card lists repeater function codes. These codes cause the repeater to perform some function such as announcing the time and date. The proper operation is to key the repeater, state your call and then saying something like accessing the repeater function and then entering the appropriate touchtones. The use of Q signals and 10 codes is unnecessary. It is better to use clear speech questions and responses. The repeater may be utilized for emergency and/or simulated emergency tests or support for RACES, ARES, SATERN and other drills or Public Service events. THESE ACTIVITIES ALL HAVE A HIGHER PRIORITY THAN EVERYDAY CONVERSATION, AND ALL USERS ARE EXPECTED TO YIELD TO THEM WHEN THEY ARE IN SESSION. 7
10 BEST OPERATING PRACTICES The following practices will help everyone to gain the maximum benefit from the repeater systems: Listen, Listen, Listen. Before transmitting on the repeaters, listen to what is happening. If you do this on a regular basis, you'll get to know how the machines normally operate and you'll be able to adapt your operating to unusual conditions such as emergencies. Make yourself known. To make your existence known on the repeater, simply transmit your call sign, or the phase This is (your call sign), listening, to let it be known that you are available. It is not necessary to call CQ, and in fact, that practice is considered poor etiquette on a repeater. Don't be rude. Remember that it is just as rude on the air as in person to interrupt a conversation in progress. However, if you have a real emergency, then wait for a pause in the conversation and transmit the word "break" (or "break from (your call sign)." Interrupting with break should only be done in an emergency. Keep the language plain. Unlike the voice and digital modes of HF, FM operation on a repeater has excellent sound fidelity sometimes it sounds like the other people are in the room with you and signal fades are practically nonexistent. There's no need to use "Q-signals" and "10-codes" just speak normally. Don't yell. Shouting into a microphone usually reduces your intelligibility, and may cause your signal to use excessive bandwidth (overdeviation). 8
11 Identify your transmissions. To identify legally you must identify at the end of a transmission or series of transmissions, and at least once each 10 minutes during the communication. It is considered a good practice to also identify at the beginning of a conversation. Keep it short. Keep your transmissions short and thoughtful. Monologues may prevent someone with an emergency from using the repeater. The repeater times out at 90 seconds. This means that if you transmit longer than 90 seconds without releasing the push-to-talk button on your microphone, the repeater will stop transmitting what you're saying, and everything past the 90-second mark will be cut off. Wait for the courtesy tone before talking. When a station finishes talking, the repeater waits a fraction of a second then transmits the courtesy tone "beep." This delay is intentional and is intended to allow time for a station with an emergency to break in. If you do not wait for the courtesy tone before talking, the repeater will eventually time out but more important, you may unintentionally prevent someone with an emergency from accessing the machine. Choose your subject matter carefully. Remember that the repeaters cover a wide area, and anyone could be listening, including children. Controversial or inflammatory topics are best explored off-the-air. 9
12 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Q. Does the club sponsor a Web Site? A. Yes, the WEB address is Q. I lost my membership card; can I get a new one? A. Yes, contact the club treasurer for a replacement. Q. Does the Repeater have a Sub-Audible (PL/CTCSS) Tone output? A. Yes, the club repeater transmits a Hz subaudible tone. If you have a decoder in your radio you may wish to use this feature. It has benefits when you are in an area where your radio is prone to inter-mod. Q. Does the repeater need a Subaudible Tone (PL/CTCSS) for access? A. During normal operation the repeater requires a TONE for access. The TONE is Hz. Q. How long is the repeater time-out timer? A. The time-out timer is set at 90 seconds. The time out timer is reset when the repeater carrier drops and the courtesy tone sounds. Q. How often do I need to identify my call when using the repeater? A. You must identify at the beginning and end of a series of transmissions and at intervals not to exceed 10 minutes. The repeater identifies at least once every10 minutes. Q. What is talk-around? A. Talk-around is using the repeater output frequency for both talking and listening. This allows you to talk to someone nearby without going through the repeater. Talk-around can be used when you need to talk to someone nearby and may not want to go through (or 10
13 can t reach) the repeater. Remember that other users may not be able to hear you and may bring up the repeater. Q. Where can I find a list of the repeater frequencies that are used? A. The ARRL publishes The ARRL Repeater directory. The directory contains VHF and UHF repeater listings. Information about repeaters in the State of Kansas can be found here: Q. What are the standard offsets for the repeater? A. The standard offset for the 2-meter (144 MHz) band is 600 khz, for the 1.25-meter (220 MHz) band it is 1.6 MHz, and for the 70-centimeter (440 MHz) band it is 5 MHz. Most modern day radios have been preset for the correct offset (+ or -) based on the frequency selected. There are exceptions to these rules so check your local directory for the correct offset and direction. Q. I don t understand the S meter on my radio. I hear some stations that sound good and my meter reads full scale and I hear others that sound noisy but my S meter still reads full scale. Is there something wrong with my radio? A. No. Remember that you are listening to the repeater so your S meter is showing you how well you are hearing the repeater, not the signal strength of the person using the repeater. You may hear someone say their signal is full quieting into the repeater. This means that their signal is strong enough to quiet the background noise. 11
14 GLOSSARY COURTESY TONE The beep or beeps you hear at the end of a transmission. This beep resets the time-out timer. The delay from the courtesy tone allows someone to interrupt the conversation if needed. Users should wait for the courtesy tone before beginning to speak. DEVIATION Deviation is the peak or maximum frequency change induced by your voice as it modulates an FM transmitter. It directly influences bandwidth and is controlled by the loudness of your voice. The standard maximum deviation for our repeaters if 5 khz. Overdeviation can be caused by shouting into a microphone, even though most radios have a circuit built-in to limit deviation. INTERMODULATION ("INTERMOD") Intermodulation is the undesired interaction or mixing of two or more radio signals, usually within the first stage ("front end") of a radio receiver. This effect is most pronounced when the signals are strong and numerous, such as in a crowded metropolitan area. This interaction may cause a receiver to receive undesired signals, even when they aren't on the frequency the receiver is tuned to. PL (CTCSS) PL is an abbreviation for "private line" and is Motorola's name for the continuous tone coded squelch system (CTCSS), which goes by several other names as well. In a PL system, a low-frequency tone in the range of 88.5 Hz to Hz must be transmitted along with the user's audio in order to access a repeater. The frequency range of these tones is well within human hearing range, but most communications receivers are designed to filter them out. 12
15 QUIETING Weak signals are usually very noisy in FM receivers; as the signal strength increases past a certain point (defined by the receiver's design), the background noise rapidly decreases. This effect is called quieting. Therefore, quieting can be used as an indirect measure of signal strength in an FM system. REPEATER ACCESS TIME The time required for the repeater to decode the PL, key the transmitter, and come up to full power after it has been idle. This takes about 250 milliseconds (1/4 of a second). When the repeater has been idle speaking too quickly after keying the microphone may result in the first syllable or word being missed. Normal operation is to key the microphone, pause slightly and begin speaking. SQUELCH TAIL The time after a user unkeys and the repeater transmitter drops. Allows users to access the repeater more quickly without cutting off the first syllable or word. See repeater access time. TALK AROUND Transmitting directly on the repeater output frequency to communicate to someone nearby (typically within a mile). This is not a normal practice, and should not be used unless the repeater isn't in use otherwise your transmission will clash with the repeater's. TIME OUT TIMER The maximum time the repeater transmitter can be on the air without letting the carrier drop. The time out timer is set for 90 seconds. This satisfies the FCC rule for automatic station operation when no control operators are on duty. The time out timer resets after the carrier drops and the courtesy tone sounds. TONE ACCESS A tone is required to access the repeater. The repeaters require a tone of Hz for access. 13
16 OTHER REPEATERS AND FREQUENCIES OF INTEREST Repeaters (-) (88.5 Tone) K0HAM repeater network (-) (88.5 Tone) K0HAM repeater network (+) (88.5 tone) K0HAM repeater network (s) National Simplex frequency (s) Simplex frequency (-) SKYWARN (-) (151.4 Tone)JCRAC Repeater (-) (151.4 Tone) JOCO ECS RACES Repeater (-) KC SATERN Repeater (+) (151.4 Tone) Olathe Repeater (-) Shawnee SRACT Repeater (s) National Simplex Frequency (-) Shawnee ARMS Repeater (-) KCK Repeater (-) Olathe Repeater (-) National Simplex Frequency (s) Simplex Frequency (+) (151.4 Tone)JCRAC Repeater (+) Olathe Repeater (+) (88.5 Tone) Lawrence KS Repeater Weekly NETS Sunday 7:30 PM (+) LV CO ARES Monday 6:30 PM (+) (151.4 Tone) WYCO RACES 7:00 PM (-) JOCO ECS RACES Tuesday 7:00 PM (-) (151.4 Tone)JOCO ARES 7:30 PM (-) KC SATERN Wednesday 8:00 PM (-) Clay CO ARES 8:00 PM ) (151.4 Tone) JOCO 440 Net Thursday 6:00 PM (+) JOCO ARES 7:00 PM (+) (151.4 Tone) WYCO ARES 7:30 PM (-) (107.2 Tone) KC North ARES 8:00 PM (-) (151.4 Tone)Wheatshocker Net 8:30 PM (USB) Wheatshocker Roundtable Saturday 9:00 AM (-) JA County ARES 12:00 AM (-) Midnight Paul Revere Net Refer to the ARRL Repeater directory for the latest Tone and Frequency assignments 14
17 NOTES 15
18 Rev
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