The World Radio Congress November 2019

Transcription

1 The World Radio Congress November 2019

2 Satellite spectrum from VHF to V Band Orbcomm MHz, MHz 20 year history constellation just upgraded launched by Space X 31 micro satellites (170 kg) at 775 kilometres 250 watt communications payload Caterpillar, Hitachi Construction, John Deere, Komatsu, Volvo Dual mode VHF + cellular modem AIS for maritime

3 GSO MEO and LEO coexistence and 5G?

4 GSO density ITU now allow 2 degree orbit separation=180 satellites But satellites could potentially be ten times larger and heavier and more powerful than existing satellites 50,000 kilograms not 5000 kilograms 150 kilowatt rather than 15 kilowatt

5 Spectrum, orbits and scale

6 Rocket innovation impact on flux density

7 Space price list

8 Pluto with baggage allowance

9 8000 LEOS? Iridium Globalstar Sky Space OneWeb Space X Leo SAT Boeing Global L Band L and S band UHF, L and S band Ku and Ka Band Ku and Ka Band Ka Band V Band and C Band 78 LEOS 24 LEOS 200 LEOS 650 LEOS 4000 LEOS 78 LEOS 2956 LEOS 780 km 1414 km km 1200 km 1200 km 700 km 1200 km 860 kg 700 kg 10 kg (Cube SAT) 200 kg kg 860 kg? Potentially six thousand cube SATS to LEO on one Falcon Heavy

10 Iridium Next (L band) January 14, 2017 the first payload of ten Iridium Next satellites launched and deployed into low-earth orbit (LEO) by Space X First of seven launches over the next 15 months - 10 per launch - largest ever and fastest ever slot swop Includes real time global aircraft tracking (includes polar orbits)

11 Commercial innovation Inmarsat L Band S Band Band 1 Inmarsat Band 1 Inmarsat Mob TX Earth to Space Mob RX Space to Earth Partnered with Deutsche Telekom, Nokia and Thales- regulatory issues and or Band 1 5G pass band extension opportunity?

12 Regional interests - Dish Networks S Band in the US Jun 16, :41am 3GPP formally approved Band 70 Aggregation of three bands owned by Dish Networks AWS-4 spectrum (2000 MHz to 2020 MHz) H Block downlink spectrum (1995 MHz to 2000 MHz) Unpaired AWS-3 uplink spectrum (1695 MHz to 1710 MHz). Regulatory challenge- TV broadcast +mobile and fixed wireless broadband

13 Satellite Pay TV C-Band ( GHz) 250 channels of video and 75 audio services using dishes which average 7 feet in diameter. C-Band dishes are steerable, enabling C- Band users to receive signals from 20 or more satellites. Ku-Band ( GHz) ( GHz) 200 channels to 18 inch diameter dishes (MVDDS coalition is asking the FCC to re-examine technical limits in the GHz band so that it can offer 2-way mobile broadband services instead of 1-way fixed service as currently permitted). Ka-Band ( GHz GHz) high definition broadband

14 ITU WARC GHZ band HTS GSO incumbents Australian National Broadband Network satellites (2 satellites), IPStar (4 satellites), Inmarsat Global Xpress (4 satellites), O3b MEO (12 satellites), Viasat (4 satellites), Jupiter (2 satellites), Hylas/Avanti (2 satellites), Amazonas 3, Space way 3, Wild Blue1, Superbird4, AMC 15 and 16 and a bunch of direct TV satellites.

15 The NEW LEOS Ku-band spectrum rights acquired from Skybridge by OneWeb (from the July 2016 FCC Filing).

16 O3b MEO Ka Band Angular power separation

17 Constellation coexistence - SES/O3b Angular power separation 30,000 formed beams system wide 12 satellites in MEO (8 more in 2018) 50 satellites in GSO Digicel and Singtel as customers Coverage of +/- 50 degrees latitude for nearly 400 million km² Full global coverage possible via inclined planes 1gbps trunking for 5G

18 Constellation coexistence- SES/O3b With thanks to SES

19 New LEOS OneWeb Ku and Ka Band

20 Definition of the avoidance angle

21 HAPS angle of arrival as comparison HAPS at 21 km Could angular power separation support band sharing between 5G and satellite?

22 KA Band HTS commercial/military dual band Most HTS entities typically file for 3.5 GHz bandwidth in the following Ka-bands: GHz uplink GHz downlink with the following bands for the military GHz (uplink) GHz (downlink) Ka-band payload of the Inmarsat Global Xpress satellites can be switched between military and commercial frequencies ambitions to serve Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) military market. Landing rights have to be negotiated on a country by country basis Spectral and space and terrestrial ground station assets the basis for satellite industry gearing

23 5G PPP E Band

24 Do we need satellite in 5G phones? In 4G and 5G smart phones as data rate increases data reach reduces More bands, wider pass bands and more technologies and parasitic loss and RF efficiency loss at mm frequencies High surface absorption and scatter in millimetre bands at lower inclination angles High count LEO constellations will be Nearly Always Nearly Overhead (NANO) Flux density from fractional beam antennas can be higher than terrestrial and long distance latency for inter satellite switched constellations (over 10,000 kilometres) will be lower due to slowness of fibre Twenty year operational life expectancy of LEO s Lower launch costs

25 Do we need satellite in 5G phones? The cost of getting to space is measured by weight. The OneWeb satellites being built by Airbus in Toulouse and Florida are, unusually, lighter than planned, weighing in at 145 kilogrammes. Each 14.5 kilogrammes yields 1 gbps of throughput. With nearly 2000 satellites in orbit and ten gbps per satellite that suggests a 20 terabit per second network with Mr Musk probably thinking about something significantly larger with tighter more controllable latency than anything deliverable across future 5G terrestrial networks. No site costs, no electricity costs, bandwidth where you need it when you need it with a higher flux density than 5G in many urban and rural environments.

26 VSAT innovation VHF to V Band

27 VSAT innovation Kymeta meta material based antennas Materials that have properties that are not found in nature and are usually arranged in repeated patterns at scales that are shorter than the wavelengths of the medium with which they are intended to interact.

28 VSAT innovation Metawave 32 element antenna

29 VSAT innovation NANO coverage Nearly always nearly overhead would support low cost passive high count antennas with narrow cone of vertical visibility Smart phone screen could have a 8, 16 or 32 element embedded antenna put it on its back and it will work- anywhere in the world

30 VSAT in a smart 5G/satellite phone Existing satellite phones designed to capture flux density from low elevation to high elevation angles 5G satellite phone could have a 8, 16 or 32 element embedded antenna Put it on its back looking directly upwards and it will work - anywhere in the world

31 Standards and spectrum FR1 and FR2 5G spectrum is closely coupled to the 3GPP new radio (NR) standards process. The relevant work group is RAN4, with 5G new radio defined from Release 15 onwards in two frequency ranges (FR), FR 1 from 450 MHz to 6000 MHz with bands numbered from 1 to 255 commonly referred to as sub 6 GHz and FR 2 from MHz to MHz ( GHz to 52.6 GHz) with bands numbered from 257 to 511. The channels within the bands are a maximum of 100 MHz for sub 6 GHz scaling from Bands 41, 42 and 43 upwards and 400 MHz for mmwave.

32 The 27 RAN4# defined bands for FR1 Band number Uplink (MHz) Downlink (MHz) Duplex Mode N FDD N FDD N FDD N FDD N FDD N FDD N FDD reverse duplex N FDD N TDD N TDD N TDD N TDD N FDD N FDD N FDD reverse duplex N FDD N SDL N SDL N TDD N TDD N TDD N SUL N SUL N SUL N SUL N SUL N SUL

33 FR2 bands in Release 15 Band number Uplink (GHz) Downlink (GHz) Duplex Mode N TDD N N N The US, Korea and Japan are also planning to deploy in the 28 GHz band, coexisting with existing backhaul allocations and therefore supporting in band backhaul. Other regions are proposing other bands GHz, GHz in Europe GHz and GHz in Africa.

34 LTE and or 5G carrier combinations (CC) Carrier combination Total number of combinations proposed LTE_1CCNR_1CC 99 LTE_2CC_NR_1CC 101 LTE_3CC_NR_1CC 69 LTE_4CC_NR_1CC 24 LTE_5CC_NR_1CC 1 CA intra-band x DL/1UL 2 CA intra-band 2DL/1UL 13 LTE_1UL_NR_ULDL 4 LTE_1CC_NR_2CC 5 LTE_2CC-NR_2CC 6 LTE_3CC_NR2CC 4 LTE_4CC_NR_2CC 1 Total 329

35 5G and satellite channel rasters Satellite FDD pass bands of 3.5 GHz typically deployed with 250 MHz channel rasters

36 5G and satellite network coexistence The proposed extended FR1 C band and FR2 Ku, K and Ka band spectrum options are proposed as TDD deployed in bands that are either expected to coexist or be adjacent to satellite FDD uplinks and downlinks. Apart from the timing and clocking issues of TDD, the channel raster allocations for 5G based on multiples of the 15 KHz sub carriers and are expected to co-exist with the 250 MHz channel raster used in satellite uplinks and downlinks which then scale to 1 GHz and 2 GHz pass bands in V and W band and E band. The channel throughput constraints in 5G are countered by the use of 1024 QAM (assuming high SNR) which could cause significant spectral splash into adjacent channels including satellite receive channels. Other modulation options with less envelope variation are supported including lower order QAM and BPSK though there is no support for the default PASK used in most satellite transponders. Note that PASK is used to deliver maximum RF Power amplifier efficiency and would be equally useful for terrestrial node B transceivers in applications where energy is scarce and expensive rural Africa and Latin America being two examples.

37 5G and satellite network coexistence In order to improve bandwidth efficiency, 5G resource blocks are supported to the band edge, for example the whole 20 MHZ of a 20 MHz carrier compared to LTE where 100 resource blocks sit within an 18 MHz channel in a 20 MHz carrier. This trades an improvement in in band efficiency against higher Out of Band (OOB) transmissions. The 3GPP standards process is therefore producing the worst possible coexistence conditions, guaranteeing adversarial arguments over future 5G to satellite protection ratios. Vertical to horizontal power separation will solve some of these problems but not all of them.

38 Why high count LEOS are useful to 5G The FCC has given OneWeb the regulatory authority to deploy a minimum of 720 satellites and a maximum of 1980 satellites into low earth orbit at 1200 kilometres using Ku band spectrum with full deployment by Space X has clearance to deploy 4425 satellites using Ku and Ka band again with a nine year deployment requirement with 50% deployment within six years. In telecoms time this is the equivalent of tomorrow and would produce two networks with complete global land and sea coverage where at least one satellite will be nearly always overhead nearly all the time. Combined with intersatellite switching (for example in the proposed Space X constellation) long distance end to end latency will be significantly faster over satellite when compared to fibre

39 LEO latency Australia from the east coast to west coast is 4000 kilometres - a coast to coast travel time of 13 milliseconds. Africa North to South is 8000 kilometres=26 milliseconds

40 The size of Africa

41 Satellite latency-leosat LEOSAT has a similar constellation proposal to Iridium based on the same space system platform provided by Thales but utilising 7 GHz of paired spectrum ( GHz) at Ka band for individual user uplinks and downlinks (compared to MHz of paired spectrum in L band available to Iridium) and optical inter satellite switching. The FCC filing is based on 120 to 140 satellites in a similar polar orbit to the Iridium Next Constellation. The business model is however focussed on delivering a performance gain over long distance fibre based on the fact that radio and light waves in free space travel faster than radio and light waves in fibre. Over distances of more than 10,000 kilometres this speed advantage outweighs the additional route length (the earth to space, space to earth hop) providing a latency gain for high value applications such as high frequency trading, the oil and gas industries, corporate networking and government agencies LEOSAT are working with the European Space Agency on 5G and satellite transversal activities.

42 Coca Cola and OneWeb

43 Guinness 40% of Guinness production worldwide is drunk in Africa By 2010, Nigeria surpassed Ireland to become the second largest market for Guinness consumption.

44 5G and Satellite Resources Free monthly technology topics Discount code for satellite book VAR25