UTOPIC. A new way HFC network load planning. Jan de Nijs xx31(0)
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1 UTOPIC A new way HFC network load planning Jan de Nijs xx31(0) jan.denijs@tno.nl
2 HFC network load challenge Operators face an ever increasing network capacity demand. For cost savings, they should squeeze the most out of their networks, thus postponing network upgrades, and that in a period that RF planning faces a number of challenges: gradual replacement of analogue services with digital carriers replacement of optical nodes and amplifiers digital dividend may require clearance of specific channels introduction of DVB-C2 with the need of high-carrier levels upgrade worst coaxial branches in the network (reduction of network heterogeneity).. Currently, for RF planning operators use two approaches: trial in the life network and monitoring customer complaints / EuroDOCSIS performance lab testing Though an engineer could do some calculus as well, this adds a little because the existing approach only provides a worst-case analysis for networks with an all analogue load, while it cannot be applied for mixed network loads. UTOPIC is a simulation tool that offers the possibility of accurate and fast calculation of the performance of networks with a mixed load. This presentation gives a technical presentation of the capabilities UTOPIC tool and its benefits to RF planning of HFC networks.
3 Network load expansion management Proven load Network performance indicators like customer complaints and EuroDOCSIS show that the network can carry the current load Gradual expansion: adding channels replacing analogue channels for digital channel increase of carrier level for deployment of higher modulation schemes (DVB-C 256- QAM, or DVB-C QAM) Revolutionary Network upgrade: replacement all components replacement specific components upgrade worst parts of the HFC network
4 Assessment network load expansion 1. Trial in the operational network by step-wise implementing the change and monitoring customer complaints and EuroDOCSIS performance: Advantages: reliable method simple method and practical to apply Disadvantages: Limited possibilities to trial replacement of an analogue by a digital channel Limited possibilities to trial larger load expansions involving a number of channels 2. Testing in a lab using a worst-case cascade from the network: Advantages: reliable method allows assessment of large changes of the network load, for example replacement of a large number of analogue carriers by digital ones Disadvantages: elaborative approach thus limiting the number of load and network scenarios that can be studied 3. HFC System calculations using CENELEC CSO/CTB specifications Current CENELEC CSO/CTB specifications only provide a worst-case performance figure that can be used to calculate a worst-case CSO and CTB level in case of analogue loads. Often, this approach is implemented in self-made simulation tools to calculate CSO and CTB levels. Since it is based on the worst-case CSO/CTB values, it provides a very robust approach but at the expense of not using the full capacity
5 HFC system performance calculations Framework Specification components unmodulated carriers (CENELEC) Component amplifier node CSO/CTB worst-case all Inverse modelling Component specification Simulation cascade Specification Components Lasers Optical nodes Amplifiers Specification Network: Topology Coaxial cables Branching/splitting. Specification Load PAL (f, signal level) DVB-C (f, signal level) FM (f, signal level) System Performance Calculation PAL Signal level CNR CINR DVB-C: Signal level SNR
6 HFC system performance calculations Two approaches: worst-case and UTOPIC Worst-case approach: Specification: 42 unmodulated carriers (CENELEC), flat or sloped worst-case carrier levels for CINR CSO =60dB and CINR CTB =60dB. Simulation (calculation): Analogue load: CSO/CTB cluster beat level Digital load: not possible UTOPIC approach: Specification: 42 unmodulated carriers (CENELEC), flat or sloped CINR CSO and CINR CTB values for all 42 frequencies (Spectra) Simulation: Mixed Analogue and Digital loads: CINR PAL as specified in IEC CNR PAL as specified in IEC SNR QAM as specified in IEC Signal level CTB Beats (dbµv) Measured values: 20 Simulated values: worst-case: UTOPIC: Frequency (MHz) Example of component modeling (CENELEC load). In case of worst-case modeling (red line), the CTB level at low frequencies is some 6 db overestimated. In contrast, the UTOPIC model (green line) yields a close agreement with the measured CTB level.
7 HFC System performance calculations Comparison worst-case and UTOPIC approach (1/2) Cascade: 3 amplifiers with 114 dbµv CSO@-60dBc and 116 dbµv CTB@-60dBc and 8.2 db noise figure Coaxial interconnection; attenuation of MHz and MHz (19 db slope) load of i) 95 analogue carriers, of ii) 95 QAM carriers and of iii) 35 Analogue + 60 QAM Simulations: worst-case model vs UTOPIC CNR PAL, CINR PAL and SNR system outlet strongest distortion levels at low frequencies (see figure) Spectrum and distortion signal spectra at the system outlet for a mixed load (UTOPIC model)
8 HFC System performance calculations Comparison worst-case and UTOPIC approach (2/2) SNR SNRQAM and CINR CIRPAL (db) MHz CIR PAL SNR QAM CINR PAL 2 db Carrier Level (dbµv) CSO/CTB UTOPIC model CSO/CTB Worst-case model CSO/CTB UTOPIC model CSO/CTB Worst-case model 2.5 db CINR PAL and SNR 143 MHz at the system outlet for a load of 95 PAL carriers or 95 QAM carriers as obtained in case of a worst-case and a UTOPIC simulation * Comparison: worst-case frequency (143 MHz) CINR PAL vs carrier level for 95 PAL SNR QAM vs carrier level for 95 QAM => cascade can support a 2 db or higher carrier level than expected from worst-case analysis * The carrier level refers to the average signal level and the carrier sync level of the QAM and PAL signals respectively. The average PAL signal level is about 4.5 db less than the carrier sync level.
9 Overview worst-case and UTOPIC capabilities Analogue signals Digital signals Worst-case calculation Optimization load Performance figures as specified in IEC Fast calculation algorithm 4 th and higher orders Worst-case UTOPIC
10 HFC network load challenge Conclusion Operators face an ever increasing network capacity demand. Appropriate load planning may generate cost savings by making a more efficient use of the capacity, thus postponing network upgrades. UTOPIC provides an additional tool to establish the optimum but safe network load, next to field trials and lab tests. UTOPIC, a new way of HFC network load planning For further information, please contact: Jan de Nijs tel.: xx jan.denijs@tno.nl website:
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