TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS

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Complete PWM Power-Control Circuitry Uncommitted Outputs for 200-mA Sink or Source Current Output Control Selects Single-Ended or Push-Pull Operation Internal Circuitry Prohibits Double Pulse at

1 Complete PWM Power-Control Circuitry Uncommitted Outputs for 200-mA Sink or Source Current Output Control Selects Single-Ended or Push-Pull Operation Internal Circuitry Prohibits Double Pulse at Either Output Variable Dead Time Provides Control Over Total Range Internal Regulator Provides a Stable 5-V Reference Supply With 5% Tolerance Circuit Architecture Allows Easy Synchronization D, DB, N, NS, OR PW PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) 1IN+ 1IN DTC CT RT GND C IN+ 2IN REF OUTPUT CTRL V CC C2 E2 E1 description The TL494 incorporates all the functions required in the construction of a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) control circuit on a single chip. Designed primarily for power-supply control, this device offers the flexibility to tailor the power-supply control circuitry to a specific application. The TL494 contains two error amplifiers, an on-chip adjustable oscillator, a dead-time control (DTC) comparator, a pulse-steering control flip-flop, a 5-V, 5%-precision regulator, and output-control circuits. The error amplifiers exhibit a common-mode voltage range from 0.3 V to V CC 2 V. The dead-time control comparator has a fixed offset that provides approximately 5% dead time. The on-chip oscillator can be bypassed by terminating RT to the reference output and providing a sawtooth input to CT, or it can drive the common circuits in synchronous multiple-rail power supplies. The uncommitted output transistors provide either common-emitter or emitter-follower output capability. The TL494 provides for push-pull or single-ended output operation, which can be selected through the output-control function. The architecture of this device prohibits the possibility of either output being pulsed twice during push-pull operation. The TL494C is characterized for operation from 0 C to 70 C. The TL494I is characterized for operation from 40 C to 85 C. TA SMALL OUTLINE (D) AVAILABLE OPTIONS PLASTIC DIP (N) PACKAGED DEVICES SMALL OUTLINE (NS) SHRINK SMALL OUTLINE (DB) THIN SHRINK SMALL OUTLINE (PW) 0 C to 70 C TL494CD TL494CN TL494CNS TL494CDB TL494CPW 40 C to 85 C TL494ID TL494IN The D, DB, NS, and PW packages are available taped and reeled. Add the suffix R to device type (e.g., TL494CDR).

2 FUNCTION TABLE INPUT TO OUTPUT CTRL OUTPUT FUNCTION VI = GND Single-ended or parallel output VI = Vref Normal push-pull operation functional block diagram OUTPUT CTRL (see Function Table) RT CT DTC V Oscillator Dead-Time Control Comparator 1D C1 13 Q1 8 9 C1 E1 1IN+ 1IN 1 2 Error Amplifier 1 + PWM Comparator Pulse-Steering Flip-Flop Q2 11 C2 E2 2IN+ 2IN Error Amplifier 2 + Reference Regulator VCC REF 7 GND ma

3 SLVS074D JANUARY 1983 REVISED MAY 2002 absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) Supply voltage, V CC (see Note 1) V Amplifier input voltage, V I V CC V Collector output voltage, V O V Collector output current, I O ma Package thermal impedance, θ JA (see Note 2 and 3): D package C/W DB package C/W N package C/W NS package C/W PW package C/W Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for seconds C Storage temperature range, T stg C to 150 C Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. NOTES: 1. All voltage values are with respect to the network ground terminal. 2. Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θ JA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) TA)/θ JA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150 C can affect reliability. 3. The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD recommended operating conditions MIN MAX UNIT VCC Supply voltage 7 40 V VI Amplifier input voltage 0.3 VCC 2 V VO Collector output voltage 40 V Collector output current (each transistor) 200 ma Current into feedback terminal 0.3 ma fosc Oscillator frequency khz CT Timing capacitor nf RT Timing resistor kω TA Operating free-air temperature erature TL494C 0 70 TL494I C

4 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, V CC = 15 V, f = khz (unless otherwise noted) reference section PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS TL494C, TL494I MIN TYP MAX Output voltage (REF) IO = 1 ma V Input regulation VCC = 7 V to 40 V 2 25 mv Output regulation IO = 1 ma to ma 1 15 mv Output voltage change with temperature TA = MIN to MAX 2 mv/v Short-circuit output current REF = 0 V 25 ma For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at TA = 25 C. Duration of the short circuit should not exceed one second. oscillator section, C T = 0.01 µf, R T = 12 kω (see Figure 1) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS TL494, TL494I MIN TYP MAX Frequency khz Standard deviation of frequency All values of VCC, CT, RT, and TA constant 0 Hz/kHz Frequency change with voltage VCC = 7 V to 40 V, TA = 25 C 1 Hz/kHz Frequency change with temperature# TA = MIN to MAX Hz/kHz For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at TA = 25 C. Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula: 24 N (x n X) 2 n1 N 1 # Temperature coefficient of timing capacitor and timing resistor are not taken into account. error-amplifier section (see Figure 2) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS TL494, TL494I MIN TYP MAX Input offset voltage VO () = 2.5 V 2 mv Input offset current VO () = 2.5 V na Input bias current VO () = 2.5 V µa Common-mode input voltage range VCC = 7 V to 40 V 0.3 to VCC 2 Open-loop voltage amplification VO = 3 V, RL = 2 kω, VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V db Unity-gain bandwidth VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V, RL = 2 kω 800 khz Common-mode rejection ratio VO = 40 V, TA = 25 C db Output sink current () VID = 15 mv to 5 V, V () = 0.7 V ma Output source current () VID = 15 mv to 5 V, V () = 3.5 V 2 ma All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at TA = 25 C. UNIT UNIT UNIT V

5 electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, V CC = 15 V, f = khz (unless otherwise noted) output section Collector off-state current VCE = 40 V, VCC = 40 V 2 0 µa Emitter off-state current VCC = VC = 40 V, VE = 0 0 µa Collector-emitter emitter saturation voltage Common emitter VE = 0, IC = 200 ma Emitter follower VO(C1 or C2) = 15 V, IE = 200 ma Output control input current VI = Vref 3.5 ma dead-time control section (see Figure 1) Input bias current (DEAD-TIME CTRL) VI = 0 to 5.25 V 2 µa Maximum duty cycle, each output VI (DEAD-TIME CTRL) = 0, CT = 0.01 µf, RT = 12 kω 45% V Zero duty cycle Input threshold voltage (DEAD-TIME CTRL) Maximum duty cycle 0 V PWM comparator section (see Figure 1) Input threshold voltage () Zero duty cycle V Input sink current () V () = 0.7 V ma total device Standby supply current RT = Vref, f All other inputs and outputs open VCC = 15 V 6 VCC = 40 V 9 15 ma Average supply current VI (DEAD-TIME CTRL) = 2 V, See Figure ma switching characteristics, T A = 25 C Rise time Fall time Common-emitter configuration, See Figure 3 Rise time Fall time Emitter-follower configuration, See Figure ns 25 0 ns ns 40 0 ns

6 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION VCC = 15 V Test Inputs 50 kω kω µf DTC RT CT 1IN+ 1IN 2IN+ 2IN OUTPUT CTRL VCC GND 12 Error Amplifiers 7 C1 8 Output 1 E1 9 C2 11 Output 2 E2 REF Ω 2 W 150 Ω 2 W TEST CIRCUIT Voltage at C1 Voltage at C2 VCC 0 V VCC 0 V Voltage at CT DTC Threshold Voltage 0 V 0.7 V Duty Cycle 0% VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS Threshold Voltage MAX 0% Figure 1. Operational Test Circuit and Waveforms

7 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION VI + Amplifier Under Test + Vref Other Amplifier Figure 2. Amplifier Characteristics 15 V Each Output Circuit 68 Ω 2 W Output CL = 15 pf (See Note A) 90% % tf % tr 90% TEST CIRCUIT NOTE A: CL includes probe and jig capacitance. OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM Figure 3. Common-Emitter Configuration 15 V Each Output Circuit CL = 15 pf (See Note A) 68 Ω 2 W Output % 90% 90% % tr tf TEST CIRCUIT NOTE A: CL includes probe and jig capacitance. OUTPUT VOLTAGE WAVEFORM Figure 4. Emitter-Follower Configuration

8 f Oscillator Frequency and Frequency Variation Hz 0 k 40 k k 4 k 1 k TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY AND FREQUENCY VARIATION vs TIMING RESISTANCE 2% 1% CT = 1 µf 0% 0.1 µf 0.01 µf Df = 1% 1 k 4 k k 40 k 0 k 400 k 1 M RT Timing Resistance Ω VCC = 15 V TA = 25 C µf Frequency variation ( f) is the change in oscillator frequency that occurs over the full temperature range. Figure 5 A Amplifier Voltage Amplification db AMPLIFIER VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION vs FREQUENCY VCC = 15 V VO = 3 V TA = 25 C k k 0 k 1 M f Frequency Hz Figure 6

TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS

TL494 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS Complete PWM Power-Control Circuitry Uncommitted Outputs for 200-mA Sink or Source Current Output Control Selects Single-Ended or Push-Pull Operation Internal Circuitry Prohibits Double Pulse at Either