System on a Chip. Prof. Dr. Michael Kraft

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "System on a Chip. Prof. Dr. Michael Kraft"

Transcription

1 System on a Chip Prof. Dr. Michael Kraft

2 Lecture 5: Data Conversion ADC Background/Theory Examples

3 Background Physical systems are typically analogue To apply digital signal processing, the analogue signal has to be converted to a digital signal Analogue signals are analogue in amplitude and time Digital signals are discrete in amplitude and time A/D conversion: Step 1: sample the analogue signal (to make the signal time discrete) Step 2: Digitising (to make the signal amplitude discrete) Many A/D conversion methods exist; trade-off between bandwidth, accuracy, circuit complexity, cost, power consumption, etc.

4 Ideal Sampling Sampling: generation of an ordered number sequence by taking values of x(t) at specific instants of time Mathematical representation: analogue signal is multiplied by an impulse comb

5 Ideal Sampl. Frequency Domain Example: triangular X(w) No information loss w M <w s /2 Information loss w M >w s /2 Assume that x(t) is bandlimited; i.e. X(w) = 0 for w > w m If the highest frequency in X(w) is smaller than half the sampling frequency (the Nyquist frequency), the spectrum of x s (t) is identical to that of x(t), but repeated with a period of w s. Consequently, no information is lost (Shannon s Theorem) Otherwise the spectra overlap and information is lost

6 Real Sampl. Frequency Domain p(t) x s (t) In practice, an impulse comb is not possible, it is approximated by a square with width t p(t) is a string of rectangles

7 Real Sampl. Frequency Domain In this case the width t is equal to 1/f s, which is the case for a sample and hold that usually precedes an A/D converter. Using squares instead of an impulse comb has the effect that the original spectrum magnitude is multiplied by sin(pf/f s )/(pf/f s ) This results in an amplitude reduction of the original spectrum. For Nyquist sampling the reduction is -3.92dB if a sample and hold is used Oversampling can be used to alleviate the problem. If the signal is oversampled by 4 times the Nyquist rate (w s = 8w M ), the reduction drops to -0.22dB

8 Aliasing Input signal component at w M -w s -w s /2 w s /2 w s w s -w M w M Folded (aliased) signal at w s - w M Sampling at w s If there is frequency component in the input signal above the Nyquist frequency at w M it will fold back into the baseband at ws - w M - this is called aliasing To prevent aliasing a A/D converter is usually preceded by an anti-aliasing filter, which is a low pass filter with a cut-off frequency of w s /2

9 Digitising q/2 V in The sampling did not result in any information loss (in an ideal world), but the digitising will since only a limited number of bits is used to represent the analogue amplitude signal This error manifests itself as noise and can be treated as white noise in many cases The maximum quantisation error is ±q/2

10 Terminology The number of quantisation levels for a N bit converter is 2 N The resolution is given by V FS /(2 N -1); (V FS : full scale voltage). This is equivalent to the smallest increment level (or step size) q. MSB: Most significant bit: weighting of 2-1 V FS LSB: Least significant bit: weighting of 2 -N V FS Maximum output = (1-2 -N ) V FS Oversampling ratio: OSR=f s /2f m Monotonicity: a monotonic converter is one in which the output never decreases as the input increases. For A/D converters this equivalent to saying that it does not have any missing codes.

11 Example Example: An analogue signal in the range 0 to +10V is to be converted to an 8-bit digital signal. What is the resolution: What is the digital representation of an input signal of 6V and of 6.2V? What is the error made for the quantisation of 6.2V in absolute terms and as a percent of the input? As a percent of full scale? What is the max. quantisation error?

12 Quantisation Noise P(e) -q/2 q/2 e Assume the quantisation noise is uniformly distributed, the mean square value of the error can be calculated: e q / 2 2 q qns q / q e de q e 12 RMS - 12 For a high number of bits the error is uncorrelated to the input signal (N>5). In the frequency domain the error appears as white over the Nyquist range. This noise limits the S/N ratio of the digital system analogous to thermal noise in an analogue system.

13 Signal to Quantisation Noise Ratio The peak value of a full scale sine wave (that is one whose peak to peak amplitude spans the whole range of the ADC) is given by: 2 N q/2. The RMS of the sinewave is hence: V RMS =2 N-1 q/ 2 The signal to quantisation noise ratio (SQNR) is given by: N q / SQNR 2 q / 12 For a high number of bits the error is uncorrelated to the input signal (N>5). In the frequency domain the error appears as white over the Nyquist range. This noise limits the S/N ratio of the digital system analogous to thermal noise in an analogue system. N

14 Oversampling The previous calculation assume that the input signal is sampled at the Nyquist rate The power spectral density of white quantisation noise is given by: E 2 (f)=e 2 RMS 2/f s f m fm erms The noise power is given by: n E ( f ) df e (2 0 RMS ) f 0 s OSR SQNR is then: 2 N - 1 q OSR SQNR 2 q 12 OSR N or in db: SQNR = (6.02 N log( OSR))dB Thus doubling of the oversampling ratio only increases the SQNR by appr. 3dB or half a bit.

15 Sample & Hold T s v in v in v out t C v out t t usually: t << T s (for mathematical analysis t = 0) v out often buffered before subjected to the A/D converter T s

16 A/D Converter Types Specifications: Number of bits (typical 8 20) Sampling rate (typical 50Hz to 100MHz) Relative Accuracy: Deviation of the output from a straight line drawn through zero and full scale Integral non-linearity or linearity Differential linearity: Measure of step size variation. Ideally each step is 1 bit but in practice step sizes can vary significantly Usually converters are designed so that they have a linearity better than ½ bit (if this were not the case then the LSB is meaningless) Monotonicity: No missing codes (i.e > 1011) Signal to Noise Ratio (same as Dynamic Range)

17 Errors Offset error Linearity error 1LSB scale error Non-linearity 1LSB differential non-linearity Non-monoticity (implies a differential non-linearity of more than 1LSB) Errors originate from component tolerances, temp. sensitivity, noise in the electric circuit, etc

18 Offset and Gain Error Offset error is defined as the deviation of the voltage produced for the code from ½ V LSB. E OFF V V LSB 1 V 2 LSB Gain error is defined as the difference at the full scale value between the ideal and actual curve when the offset error has been removed. It is given in units of LSB. E gain V V N VLSB VLSB 2

19 Integral/Differential Nonlinearity Error For an ideal A/D converter each transition value is precisely 1 LSB apart. Differential nonlinearity (DNL) is defined as the variation in step sizes away from 1 LSB (after gain and offset errors have been removed). After both the offset and gain errors have been removed, the integral nonlinearity (INL) is defined to be the deviation from the straight line. Two straight lines can be used: endpoints of the converter s transfer characteristics or a best fit. In the literature INL is either used to describe the maximum deviation from the straight line or the deviation from the straight line for each digital word. 19

20 Example An analogue signal 0..10V is to be digitised with an quantisation error less than 1% of full scale. How many bits are required? How many bits are required if the range is extended to 10V (for the same resolution)? What is the resolution and quantisation error?

21 Flash Converter Example: 3 bit flash converter requires 2 N -1 comparators and 2 N resistors fastest converter; conversion can be performed in one clock cycle high circuit complexity accuracy depends on resistor matching and comparator performance (practical up to 8Bits) v in R R R R R R R R v ref Logic a 2 a 1 a 0

22 Counting (Feedback) Converter v in T s + Up/Down Counter - a 0 a 1 a 2 a n-1 Reset Data Valid v comp DAC easy to implement conversion speed depends on difference to previous sample slow for fast varying signals, fast for slowly varying signals ( oversample) tracking or counting A/D converter

23 Half-Flash Converter hybrid solution: good compromise between speed and circuit complexity use separate flash converter for higher bits and lower bits e.g. for 8 bits: comparators needed instead of 2 8 = 256.

24 Dual Slope ADC C S 2 v in S 1 R - - v ref + v 1 + Reset Start/Stop Control Logic high resolution (up to 14 bits) ADC s independent of exact values of R and C implementation in CMOS relatively slow T s Counter a 0 a 1 a 2 a n-1

25 Sigma-Delta Modulators (SDM) A/D Converters 1st order modulator Typical waveform: pulse density modulation extremely high resolution (up to 20 bits) ADC s only one reference signal is required oversampling is required; f s >> f nyquist difficult to analyse use simulation in many commercial devices (CD players, mobile phones, etc) suitable for VSLI implementation

26 One Bit Quantiser N Q + 1 Multibit quantiser 1bit quantiser A one bit quantiser is always linear since the gain is arbitrary. The quantiser can be modelled by a (quantisation) noise source and a gain of 1

27 Int. output clock First Order SDM 1 Waveforms for zero input x First order modulators can be easily simulated and analysed However, they only provide first order noise shaping For zero input we get alternating 1 s and 0 s at the output with a frequency of f s /2. The average of this bitstream is 0. If the input is positive, there will be more 1 s than zero, the average over a number of clock pulses is then a measure of the input.

28 1st Order SDM Noiseshaping Signal Transfer Function Noise Transfer Function Bode Diagrams Bode Diagrams 0 From: U(1) 0 From: U(1) Phase (deg); Magnitude (db) To: Y(1) Phase (deg); Magnitude (db) To: Y(1) Frequency (rad/sec) Frequency (rad/sec) Signal Transfer Function: STF=1/(s+1) Low pass filtered Noise Transfer Function: NTF=s/(s+1) High pass filtered, thus the noise is attenuated at lower frequencies in the signal band (Noise shaping).

29 1st Order SDM Noiseshaping Noise spectral density is shaped as shown above. Clearly feedback around the quantiser reduces the noise spectral density at low frequency but increases at high frequencies. Above example is plotted for OSR = 16.

30 Second Order SDM If better noise shaping is required a second order modulator can be used. A second order modulator can be analysed in exactly the same way as a first order modulator. NTF: (1-z -1 ) 2 ; STF: z-1 Noise Power Spectral Density: N q2 (f)=32e 2 RMST s sin 4 (wt s /2) RMS Noise in the signal band: f B 2 2 p n 0 0 N q ( f ) df e RMS 5 OSR -5/ 2

31 Second Order SDM Second order discrete SD-Modulator Sine Wave Sum1 1 1-z -1 Integrator 4 Sum2 z -1 1-z -1 Integrator 3 Comparator Compare Phase S/H Sample and Hold1 bitstr To Workspace13 Bitstream 12:34 Digital Clock t To Workspace4 Simulink simulation model Discrete second order model

32 4th order SDM; basic architecture Higher Order SDM 4 th order SDM Interpolative architecture

33 Example A second order modulator with a one bit quantiser (quantisation levels +1 and 1) is clocked at 1MHz. It is used to convert audio signals with a bandwidth of 40kHz. Calculate: - the oversampling ratio - The signal to quantisation noise ratio (SQNR) assuming a full scale sinewave at the input. - How much does the SQNR improve if the sampling frequency is increased to 2MHz?

34 D/A Background Convert a digital number into an analogue voltage Analogue signals are typically required for actuating a physical system (e.g. loudspeaker, moving coil meter, etc) Weight of each increases by factor of 2: V out = (a 1 /2 1 +a 2 / a n /2 n ) V ref a 1 : MSB; a n : LSB Many D/A conversion methods exist, trade-off between bandwidth, accuracy, circuit complexity.

35 Binary Weighted Resistors v ref R 2R 4R 2 (N-1) R a 1 a 2 a 3 a n R/2 v out = -v ref (a 1 /2 1 +a 2 / n /a n ) - + v out For n large: resistor value spread is huge on-resistance of switches does matter

36 R-2R Ladder Network v ref R R R 2R 2R 2R 2R 2R R a 1 a 2 a 3 a n v out = -v ref (a 1 /2 1 +a 2 / n /a n ) - + v out on-resistance of switches does matter resistor value spread is much smaller accuracy depends on absolute resistance values Dr Michael Kraft Noise and Data Conversion 36

37 Practical R-2R Ladder Network + - use BJT to produce binary weighted currents

38 Current Switch use MOST to reduce base current error

Electronics A/D and D/A converters

Electronics A/D and D/A converters Electronics A/D and D/A converters Prof. Márta Rencz, Gábor Takács, Dr. György Bognár, Dr. Péter G. Szabó BME DED December 1, 2014 1 / 26 Introduction The world is analog, signal processing nowadays is

More information

Lecture #6: Analog-to-Digital Converter

Lecture #6: Analog-to-Digital Converter Lecture #6: Analog-to-Digital Converter All electrical signals in the real world are analog, and their waveforms are continuous in time. Since most signal processing is done digitally in discrete time,

More information

Advantages of Analog Representation. Varies continuously, like the property being measured. Represents continuous values. See Figure 12.

Advantages of Analog Representation. Varies continuously, like the property being measured. Represents continuous values. See Figure 12. Analog Signals Signals that vary continuously throughout a defined range. Representative of many physical quantities, such as temperature and velocity. Usually a voltage or current level. Digital Signals

More information

Lecture 9, ANIK. Data converters 1

Lecture 9, ANIK. Data converters 1 Lecture 9, ANIK Data converters 1 What did we do last time? Noise and distortion Understanding the simplest circuit noise Understanding some of the sources of distortion 502 of 530 What will we do today?

More information

Fundamentals of Data Converters. DAVID KRESS Director of Technical Marketing

Fundamentals of Data Converters. DAVID KRESS Director of Technical Marketing Fundamentals of Data Converters DAVID KRESS Director of Technical Marketing 9/14/2016 Analog to Electronic Signal Processing Sensor (INPUT) Amp Converter Digital Processor Actuator (OUTPUT) Amp Converter

More information

Analog-to-Digital i Converters

Analog-to-Digital i Converters CSE 577 Spring 2011 Analog-to-Digital i Converters Jaehyun Lim, Kyusun Choi Department t of Computer Science and Engineering i The Pennsylvania State University ADC Glossary DNL (differential nonlinearity)

More information

Analog to Digital Conversion

Analog to Digital Conversion Analog to Digital Conversion Florian Erdinger Lehrstuhl für Schaltungstechnik und Simulation Technische Informatik der Uni Heidelberg VLSI Design - Mixed Mode Simulation F. Erdinger, ZITI, Uni Heidelberg

More information

A-D and D-A Converters

A-D and D-A Converters Chapter 5 A-D and D-A Converters (No mathematical derivations) 04 Hours 08 Marks When digital devices are to be interfaced with analog devices (or vice a versa), Digital to Analog converter and Analog

More information

Chapter 2 Signal Conditioning, Propagation, and Conversion

Chapter 2 Signal Conditioning, Propagation, and Conversion 09/0 PHY 4330 Instrumentation I Chapter Signal Conditioning, Propagation, and Conversion. Amplification (Review of Op-amps) Reference: D. A. Bell, Operational Amplifiers Applications, Troubleshooting,

More information

Analog to digital and digital to analog converters

Analog to digital and digital to analog converters Analog to digital and digital to analog converters A/D converter D/A converter ADC DAC ad da Number bases Decimal, base, numbers - 9 Binary, base, numbers and Oktal, base 8, numbers - 7 Hexadecimal, base

More information

Lecture Schedule: Week Date Lecture Title

Lecture Schedule: Week Date Lecture Title http://elec3004.org Sampling & More 2014 School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering at The University of Queensland Lecture Schedule: Week Date Lecture Title 1 2-Mar Introduction 3-Mar

More information

The need for Data Converters

The need for Data Converters The need for Data Converters ANALOG SIGNAL (Speech, Images, Sensors, Radar, etc.) PRE-PROCESSING (Filtering and analog to digital conversion) DIGITAL PROCESSOR (Microprocessor) POST-PROCESSING (Digital

More information

The counterpart to a DAC is the ADC, which is generally a more complicated circuit. One of the most popular ADC circuit is the successive

The counterpart to a DAC is the ADC, which is generally a more complicated circuit. One of the most popular ADC circuit is the successive 1 The counterpart to a DAC is the ADC, which is generally a more complicated circuit. One of the most popular ADC circuit is the successive approximation converter. 2 3 The idea of sampling is fully covered

More information

Summary Last Lecture

Summary Last Lecture Interleaved ADCs EE47 Lecture 4 Oversampled ADCs Why oversampling? Pulse-count modulation Sigma-delta modulation 1-Bit quantization Quantization error (noise) spectrum SQNR analysis Limit cycle oscillations

More information

Lab.3. Tutorial : (draft) Introduction to CODECs

Lab.3. Tutorial : (draft) Introduction to CODECs Lab.3. Tutorial : (draft) Introduction to CODECs Fig. Basic digital signal processing system Definition A codec is a device or computer program capable of encoding or decoding a digital data stream or

More information

Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) And Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)

Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) And Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) 1 Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) And Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) 2 1. DAC In an electronic circuit, a combination of high voltage (+5V) and low voltage (0V) is usually used to represent a binary

More information

Lecture 10, ANIK. Data converters 2

Lecture 10, ANIK. Data converters 2 Lecture, ANIK Data converters 2 What did we do last time? Data converter fundamentals Quantization noise Signal-to-noise ratio ADC and DAC architectures Overview, since literature is more useful explaining

More information

The Case for Oversampling

The Case for Oversampling EE47 Lecture 4 Oversampled ADCs Why oversampling? Pulse-count modulation Sigma-delta modulation 1-Bit quantization Quantization error (noise) spectrum SQNR analysis Limit cycle oscillations nd order ΣΔ

More information

CHAPTER. delta-sigma modulators 1.0

CHAPTER. delta-sigma modulators 1.0 CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER Conventional delta-sigma modulators 1.0 This Chapter presents the traditional first- and second-order DSM. The main sources for non-ideal operation are described together with some commonly

More information

SAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTING SIGNALS

SAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTING SIGNALS CHAPTER 3 SAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTING SIGNALS Many DSP applications begin with analog signals. In order to process these analog signals, the signals must first be sampled and converted to digital signals.

More information

10. Chapter: A/D and D/A converter principles

10. Chapter: A/D and D/A converter principles Punčochář, Mohylová: TELO, Chapter 10: A/D and D/A converter principles 1 10. Chapter: A/D and D/A converter principles Time of study: 6 hours Goals: the student should be able to define basic principles

More information

Summary Last Lecture

Summary Last Lecture EE47 Lecture 5 Pipelined ADCs (continued) How many bits per stage? Algorithmic ADCs utilizing pipeline structure Advanced background calibration techniques Oversampled ADCs Why oversampling? Pulse-count

More information

10 bit Delta Sigma D/A Converter with Increased S/N ratio Using Compact Adder Circuits

10 bit Delta Sigma D/A Converter with Increased S/N ratio Using Compact Adder Circuits International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 8, August 2013 10 bit Delta Sigma D/A Converter with Increased S/N ratio Using Compact Adder Circuits Jyothish Chandran G, Shajimon

More information

EE247 Lecture 11. EECS 247 Lecture 11: Intro. to Data Converters & Performance Metrics 2009 H. K. Page 1. Typical Sampling Process C.T. S.D. D.T.

EE247 Lecture 11. EECS 247 Lecture 11: Intro. to Data Converters & Performance Metrics 2009 H. K. Page 1. Typical Sampling Process C.T. S.D. D.T. EE247 Lecture Data converters Sampling, aliasing, reconstruction Amplitude quantization Static converter error sources Offset Full-scale error Differential non-linearity (DNL) Integral non-linearity (INL)

More information

Cyber-Physical Systems ADC / DAC

Cyber-Physical Systems ADC / DAC Cyber-Physical Systems ADC / DAC ICEN 553/453 Fall 2018 Prof. Dola Saha 1 Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Ø ADC is important almost to all application fields Ø Converts a continuous-time voltage signal

More information

Analyzing A/D and D/A converters

Analyzing A/D and D/A converters Analyzing A/D and D/A converters 2013. 10. 21. Pálfi Vilmos 1 Contents 1 Signals 3 1.1 Periodic signals 3 1.2 Sampling 4 1.2.1 Discrete Fourier transform... 4 1.2.2 Spectrum of sampled signals... 5 1.2.3

More information

Chapter 2: Digitization of Sound

Chapter 2: Digitization of Sound Chapter 2: Digitization of Sound Acoustics pressure waves are converted to electrical signals by use of a microphone. The output signal from the microphone is an analog signal, i.e., a continuous-valued

More information

Digital to Analog Conversion. Data Acquisition

Digital to Analog Conversion. Data Acquisition Digital to Analog Conversion (DAC) Digital to Analog Conversion Data Acquisition DACs or D/A converters are used to convert digital signals representing binary numbers into proportional analog voltages.

More information

Data Converters. Dr.Trushit Upadhyaya EC Department, CSPIT, CHARUSAT

Data Converters. Dr.Trushit Upadhyaya EC Department, CSPIT, CHARUSAT Data Converters Dr.Trushit Upadhyaya EC Department, CSPIT, CHARUSAT Purpose To convert digital values to analog voltages V OUT Digital Value Reference Voltage Digital Value DAC Analog Voltage Analog Quantity:

More information

Data Converters. Specifications for Data Converters. Overview. Testing and characterization. Conditions of operation

Data Converters. Specifications for Data Converters. Overview. Testing and characterization. Conditions of operation Data Converters Overview Specifications for Data Converters Pietro Andreani Dept. of Electrical and Information Technology Lund University, Sweden Conditions of operation Type of converter Converter specifications

More information

FYS3240 PC-based instrumentation and microcontrollers. Signal sampling. Spring 2017 Lecture #5

FYS3240 PC-based instrumentation and microcontrollers. Signal sampling. Spring 2017 Lecture #5 FYS3240 PC-based instrumentation and microcontrollers Signal sampling Spring 2017 Lecture #5 Bekkeng, 30.01.2017 Content Aliasing Sampling Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC) Filtering Oversampling Triggering

More information

EE 421L Digital Electronics Laboratory. Laboratory Exercise #9 ADC and DAC

EE 421L Digital Electronics Laboratory. Laboratory Exercise #9 ADC and DAC EE 421L Digital Electronics Laboratory Laboratory Exercise #9 ADC and DAC Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Nevada, at Las Vegas Objective: The purpose of this laboratory

More information

Design of Continuous Time Multibit Sigma Delta ADC for Next Generation Wireless Applications

Design of Continuous Time Multibit Sigma Delta ADC for Next Generation Wireless Applications RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Design of Continuous Time Multibit Sigma Delta ADC for Next Generation Wireless Applications Sharon Theresa George*, J. Mangaiyarkarasi** *(Department of Information and Communication

More information

EE247 Lecture 22. Figures of merit (FOM) and trends for ADCs How to use/not use FOM. EECS 247 Lecture 22: Data Converters 2004 H. K.

EE247 Lecture 22. Figures of merit (FOM) and trends for ADCs How to use/not use FOM. EECS 247 Lecture 22: Data Converters 2004 H. K. EE247 Lecture 22 Pipelined ADCs Combining the bits Stage implementation Circuits Noise budgeting Figures of merit (FOM) and trends for ADCs How to use/not use FOM Oversampled ADCs EECS 247 Lecture 22:

More information

Analog-to-Digital Converters

Analog-to-Digital Converters EE47 Lecture 3 Oversampled ADCs Why oversampling? Pulse-count modulation Sigma-delta modulation 1-Bit quantization Quantization error (noise) spectrum SQNR analysis Limit cycle oscillations nd order ΣΔ

More information

Analogue to Digital Conversion

Analogue to Digital Conversion Analogue to Digital Conversion Turns electrical input (voltage/current) into numeric value Parameters and requirements Resolution the granularity of the digital values Integral NonLinearity proportionality

More information

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA College of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA College of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA College of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Final Exam EECS 247 H. Khorramabadi Tues., Dec. 14, 2010 FALL 2010 Name: SID: Total number of

More information

Data Converter Fundamentals

Data Converter Fundamentals IsLab Analog Integrated Circuit Design Basic-25 Data Converter Fundamentals כ Kyungpook National University IsLab Analog Integrated Circuit Design Basic-1 A/D Converters in Signal Processing Signal Sources

More information

TUTORIAL 283 INL/DNL Measurements for High-Speed Analog-to- Digital Converters (ADCs)

TUTORIAL 283 INL/DNL Measurements for High-Speed Analog-to- Digital Converters (ADCs) Maxim > Design Support > Technical Documents > Tutorials > A/D and D/A Conversion/Sampling Circuits > APP 283 Maxim > Design Support > Technical Documents > Tutorials > High-Speed Signal Processing > APP

More information

6.976 High Speed Communication Circuits and Systems Lecture 17 Advanced Frequency Synthesizers

6.976 High Speed Communication Circuits and Systems Lecture 17 Advanced Frequency Synthesizers 6.976 High Speed Communication Circuits and Systems Lecture 17 Advanced Frequency Synthesizers Michael Perrott Massachusetts Institute of Technology Copyright 2003 by Michael H. Perrott Bandwidth Constraints

More information

MSP430 Teaching Materials

MSP430 Teaching Materials MSP430 Teaching Materials Chapter 9 Data Acquisition A/D Conversion Introduction Texas Instruments t Incorporated University of Beira Interior (PT) Pedro Dinis Gaspar, António Espírito Santo, Bruno Ribeiro,

More information

AD9772A - Functional Block Diagram

AD9772A - Functional Block Diagram F FEATURES single 3.0 V to 3.6 V supply 14-Bit DAC Resolution 160 MPS Input Data Rate 67.5 MHz Reconstruction Passband @ 160 MPS 74 dbc FDR @ 25 MHz 2 Interpolation Filter with High- or Low-Pass Response

More information

Sigma-Delta ADC Tutorial and Latest Development in 90 nm CMOS for SoC

Sigma-Delta ADC Tutorial and Latest Development in 90 nm CMOS for SoC Sigma-Delta ADC Tutorial and Latest Development in 90 nm CMOS for SoC Jinseok Koh Wireless Analog Technology Center Texas Instruments Inc. Dallas, TX Outline Fundamentals for ADCs Over-sampling and Noise

More information

Analog I/O. ECE 153B Sensor & Peripheral Interface Design Winter 2016

Analog I/O. ECE 153B Sensor & Peripheral Interface Design Winter 2016 Analog I/O ECE 153B Sensor & Peripheral Interface Design Introduction Anytime we need to monitor or control analog signals with a digital system, we require analogto-digital (ADC) and digital-to-analog

More information

Communications IB Paper 6 Handout 3: Digitisation and Digital Signals

Communications IB Paper 6 Handout 3: Digitisation and Digital Signals Communications IB Paper 6 Handout 3: Digitisation and Digital Signals Jossy Sayir Signal Processing and Communications Lab Department of Engineering University of Cambridge jossy.sayir@eng.cam.ac.uk Lent

More information

Telecommunication Electronics

Telecommunication Electronics Politecnico di Torino ICT School Telecommunication Electronics C5 - Special A/D converters» Logarithmic conversion» Approximation, A and µ laws» Differential converters» Oversampling, noise shaping Logarithmic

More information

Analogue to Digital Conversion

Analogue to Digital Conversion Analogue to Digital Conversion Turns electrical input (voltage/current) into numeric value Parameters and requirements Resolution the granularity of the digital values Integral NonLinearity proportionality

More information

8-channel Cirrus Logic CS4382 digital-to-analog converter as used in a sound card.

8-channel Cirrus Logic CS4382 digital-to-analog converter as used in a sound card. 8-channel Cirrus Logic CS4382 digital-to-analog converter as used in a sound card. In electronics, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC, D/A, D2A, or D-to-A) is a system that converts a digital signal into

More information

The Real World is Analog ADC are necessary to convert the real world signals (analog) into the digital form for easy processing. Digital Processing

The Real World is Analog ADC are necessary to convert the real world signals (analog) into the digital form for easy processing. Digital Processing Data Converters The Real World is Analog ADC are necessary to convert the real world signals (analog) into the digital form for easy processing ADC Digital Processing (Computer, DSP...) DAC Real World:

More information

II Year (04 Semester) EE6403 Discrete Time Systems and Signal Processing

II Year (04 Semester) EE6403 Discrete Time Systems and Signal Processing Class Subject Code Subject II Year (04 Semester) EE6403 Discrete Time Systems and Signal Processing 1.CONTENT LIST: Introduction to Unit I - Signals and Systems 2. SKILLS ADDRESSED: Listening 3. OBJECTIVE

More information

Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals

Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals Chapter 4 Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals 清大電機系林嘉文 cwlin@ee.nthu.edu.tw 03-5731152 Original PowerPoint slides prepared by S. K. Mitra 4-1-1 Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals Digital

More information

DSP Project. Reminder: Project proposal is due Friday, October 19, 2012 by 5pm in my office (Small 239).

DSP Project. Reminder: Project proposal is due Friday, October 19, 2012 by 5pm in my office (Small 239). DSP Project eminder: Project proposal is due Friday, October 19, 2012 by 5pm in my office (Small 239). Budget: $150 for project. Free parts: Surplus parts from previous year s project are available on

More information

Lecture 390 Oversampling ADCs Part I (3/29/10) Page 390-1

Lecture 390 Oversampling ADCs Part I (3/29/10) Page 390-1 Lecture 390 Oversampling ADCs Part I (3/29/0) Page 390 LECTURE 390 OVERSAMPLING ADCS PART I LECTURE ORGANIZATION Outline Introduction Deltasigma modulators Summary CMOS Analog Circuit Design, 2 nd Edition

More information

Digital Processing of

Digital Processing of Chapter 4 Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals 清大電機系林嘉文 cwlin@ee.nthu.edu.tw 03-5731152 Original PowerPoint slides prepared by S. K. Mitra 4-1-1 Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals Digital

More information

Working with ADCs, OAs and the MSP430

Working with ADCs, OAs and the MSP430 Working with ADCs, OAs and the MSP430 Bonnie Baker HPA Senior Applications Engineer Texas Instruments 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 1 Agenda An Overview of the MSP430 Data Acquisition System SAR Converters

More information

ECE 556 BASICS OF DIGITAL SPEECH PROCESSING. Assıst.Prof.Dr. Selma ÖZAYDIN Spring Term-2017 Lecture 2

ECE 556 BASICS OF DIGITAL SPEECH PROCESSING. Assıst.Prof.Dr. Selma ÖZAYDIN Spring Term-2017 Lecture 2 ECE 556 BASICS OF DIGITAL SPEECH PROCESSING Assıst.Prof.Dr. Selma ÖZAYDIN Spring Term-2017 Lecture 2 Analog Sound to Digital Sound Characteristics of Sound Amplitude Wavelength (w) Frequency ( ) Timbre

More information

FYS3240 PC-based instrumentation and microcontrollers. Signal sampling. Spring 2015 Lecture #5

FYS3240 PC-based instrumentation and microcontrollers. Signal sampling. Spring 2015 Lecture #5 FYS3240 PC-based instrumentation and microcontrollers Signal sampling Spring 2015 Lecture #5 Bekkeng, 29.1.2015 Content Aliasing Nyquist (Sampling) ADC Filtering Oversampling Triggering Analog Signal Information

More information

UNIT III Data Acquisition & Microcontroller System. Mr. Manoj Rajale

UNIT III Data Acquisition & Microcontroller System. Mr. Manoj Rajale UNIT III Data Acquisition & Microcontroller System Mr. Manoj Rajale Syllabus Interfacing of Sensors / Actuators to DAQ system, Bit width, Sampling theorem, Sampling Frequency, Aliasing, Sample and hold

More information

Chapter 7. Introduction. Analog Signal and Discrete Time Series. Sampling, Digital Devices, and Data Acquisition

Chapter 7. Introduction. Analog Signal and Discrete Time Series. Sampling, Digital Devices, and Data Acquisition Chapter 7 Sampling, Digital Devices, and Data Acquisition Material from Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements; Figliola, Third Edition Introduction Integrating analog electrical transducers with

More information

Multirate DSP, part 3: ADC oversampling

Multirate DSP, part 3: ADC oversampling Multirate DSP, part 3: ADC oversampling Li Tan - May 04, 2008 Order this book today at www.elsevierdirect.com or by calling 1-800-545-2522 and receive an additional 20% discount. Use promotion code 92562

More information

INF4420. ΔΣ data converters. Jørgen Andreas Michaelsen Spring 2012

INF4420. ΔΣ data converters. Jørgen Andreas Michaelsen Spring 2012 INF4420 ΔΣ data converters Spring 2012 Jørgen Andreas Michaelsen (jorgenam@ifi.uio.no) Outline Oversampling Noise shaping Circuit design issues Higher order noise shaping Introduction So far we have considered

More information

Analogue-to-Digital Conversion

Analogue-to-Digital Conversion Digital-to-Analogue to Conversion Analogue-to-Digital Conversion Module: EE2C2 Digital Design Lecturer: URL: http://www.personal.rdg.ac.uk/~stsgrimb/ email: j.b.grimbleby reading.ac.uk Number of Lectures:

More information

ESE 531: Digital Signal Processing

ESE 531: Digital Signal Processing ESE 531: Digital Signal Processing Lec 12: February 21st, 2017 Data Converters, Noise Shaping (con t) Lecture Outline! Data Converters " Anti-aliasing " ADC " Quantization " Practical DAC! Noise Shaping

More information

Electronics II Physics 3620 / 6620

Electronics II Physics 3620 / 6620 Electronics II Physics 3620 / 6620 Feb 09, 2009 Part 1 Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) 2/8/2009 1 Why ADC? Digital Signal Processing is more popular Easy to implement, modify, Low cost Data from real

More information

A 12 bit 125 MHz ADC USING DIRECT INTERPOLATION

A 12 bit 125 MHz ADC USING DIRECT INTERPOLATION A 12 bit 125 MHz ADC USING DIRECT INTERPOLATION Dr R Allan Belcher University of Wales Swansea and Signal Conversion Ltd, 8 Bishops Grove, Swansea SA2 8BE Phone +44 973 553435 Fax +44 870 164 0107 E-Mail:

More information

Advanced Digital Signal Processing Part 2: Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals

Advanced Digital Signal Processing Part 2: Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals Advanced Digital Signal Processing Part 2: Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals Gerhard Schmidt Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Faculty of Engineering Institute of Electrical Engineering

More information

Data Acquisition & Computer Control

Data Acquisition & Computer Control Chapter 4 Data Acquisition & Computer Control Now that we have some tools to look at random data we need to understand the fundamental methods employed to acquire data and control experiments. The personal

More information

Choosing the Best ADC Architecture for Your Application Part 3:

Choosing the Best ADC Architecture for Your Application Part 3: Choosing the Best ADC Architecture for Your Application Part 3: Hello, my name is Luis Chioye, I am an Applications Engineer with the Texas Instruments Precision Data Converters team. And I am Ryan Callaway,

More information

ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS

ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS Definition An analog-to-digital converter is a device which converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. Basics An analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC,

More information

Data Acquisition: A/D & D/A Conversion

Data Acquisition: A/D & D/A Conversion Data Acquisition: A/D & D/A Conversion Mark Colton ME 363 Spring 2011 Sampling: A Review In order to store and process measured variables in a computer, the computer must sample the variables 10 Continuous

More information

Design IV. E232 Spring 07

Design IV. E232 Spring 07 Design IV Spring 07 Class 8 Bruce McNair bmcnair@stevens.edu 8-1/38 Computerized Data Acquisition Measurement system architecture System under test sensor sensor sensor sensor signal conditioning signal

More information

Analog and Telecommunication Electronics

Analog and Telecommunication Electronics Politecnico di Torino - ICT School Analog and Telecommunication Electronics D5 - Special A/D converters» Differential converters» Oversampling, noise shaping» Logarithmic conversion» Approximation, A and

More information

SIGMA-DELTA CONVERTER

SIGMA-DELTA CONVERTER SIGMA-DELTA CONVERTER (1995: Pacífico R. Concetti Western A. Geophysical-Argentina) The Sigma-Delta A/D Converter is not new in electronic engineering since it has been previously used as part of many

More information

Data Converter Topics. Suggested Reference Texts

Data Converter Topics. Suggested Reference Texts Data Converter Topics Basic Operation of Data Converters Uniform sampling and reconstruction Uniform amplitude quantization Characterization and Testing Common ADC/DAC Architectures Selected Topics in

More information

EECS 373 Design of Microprocessor-Based Systems

EECS 373 Design of Microprocessor-Based Systems EECS 373 Design of Microprocessor-Based Systems Prabal Dutta University of Michigan Lecture 11: Sampling, ADCs, and DACs Oct 7, 2014 Some slides adapted from Mark Brehob, Jonathan Hui & Steve Reinhardt

More information

Analog to Digital Conversion

Analog to Digital Conversion Analog to Digital Conversion 02534567998 6 4 2 3 4 5 6 ANALOG to DIGITAL CONVERSION Analog variation (Continuous, smooth variation) Digitized Variation (Discrete set of points) N2 N1 Digitization applied

More information

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Burak Kelleci

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Burak Kelleci DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL &ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL AND DIGITAL- TO-ANALOG CONVERTERS Assoc. Prof. Dr. Burak Kelleci Fall 2018 OUTLINE Nyquist-Rate DAC Thermometer-Code Converter Hybrid

More information

New Features of IEEE Std Digitizing Waveform Recorders

New Features of IEEE Std Digitizing Waveform Recorders New Features of IEEE Std 1057-2007 Digitizing Waveform Recorders William B. Boyer 1, Thomas E. Linnenbrink 2, Jerome Blair 3, 1 Chair, Subcommittee on Digital Waveform Recorders Sandia National Laboratories

More information

Based with permission on lectures by John Getty Laboratory Electronics II (PHSX262) Spring 2011 Lecture 9 Page 1

Based with permission on lectures by John Getty Laboratory Electronics II (PHSX262) Spring 2011 Lecture 9 Page 1 Today 3// Lecture 9 Analog Digital Conversion Sampled Data Acquisition Systems Discrete Sampling and Nyquist Digital to Analog Conversion Analog to Digital Conversion Homework Study for Exam next week

More information

Lecture Outline. ESE 531: Digital Signal Processing. Anti-Aliasing Filter with ADC ADC. Oversampled ADC. Oversampled ADC

Lecture Outline. ESE 531: Digital Signal Processing. Anti-Aliasing Filter with ADC ADC. Oversampled ADC. Oversampled ADC Lecture Outline ESE 531: Digital Signal Processing Lec 12: February 21st, 2017 Data Converters, Noise Shaping (con t)! Data Converters " Anti-aliasing " ADC " Quantization "! Noise Shaping 2 Anti-Aliasing

More information

CHAPTER ELEVEN - Interfacing With the Analog World

CHAPTER ELEVEN - Interfacing With the Analog World CHAPTER ELEVEN - Interfacing With the Analog World 11.1 (a) Analog output = (K) x (digital input) (b) Smallest change that can occur in the analog output as a result of a change in the digital input. (c)

More information

The Fundamentals of Mixed Signal Testing

The Fundamentals of Mixed Signal Testing The Fundamentals of Mixed Signal Testing Course Information The Fundamentals of Mixed Signal Testing course is designed to provide the foundation of knowledge that is required for testing modern mixed

More information

APPLICATION NOTE. Atmel AVR127: Understanding ADC Parameters. Atmel 8-bit Microcontroller. Features. Introduction

APPLICATION NOTE. Atmel AVR127: Understanding ADC Parameters. Atmel 8-bit Microcontroller. Features. Introduction APPLICATION NOTE Atmel AVR127: Understanding ADC Parameters Atmel 8-bit Microcontroller Features Getting introduced to ADC concepts Understanding various ADC parameters Understanding the effect of ADC

More information

Summary Last Lecture

Summary Last Lecture EE247 Lecture 23 Converters Techniques to reduce flash complexity Interpolating (continued) Folding Multi-Step s Two-Step flash Pipelined s EECS 247 Lecture 23: Data Converters 26 H.K. Page 1 Summary Last

More information

LINEAR IC APPLICATIONS

LINEAR IC APPLICATIONS 1 B.Tech III Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14 1 (a) Why is R e in an emitter-coupled differential amplifier replaced by a constant current source? (b)

More information

NPTEL. VLSI Data Conversion Circuits - Video course. Electronics & Communication Engineering.

NPTEL. VLSI Data Conversion Circuits - Video course. Electronics & Communication Engineering. NPTEL Syllabus VLSI Data Conversion Circuits - Video course COURSE OUTLINE This course covers the analysis and design of CMOS Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters,with about 7 design assigments.

More information

Specifying A D and D A Converters

Specifying A D and D A Converters Specifying A D and D A Converters The specification or selection of analog-to-digital (A D) or digital-to-analog (D A) converters can be a chancey thing unless the specifications are understood by the

More information

PYKC 27 Feb 2017 EA2.3 Electronics 2 Lecture PYKC 27 Feb 2017 EA2.3 Electronics 2 Lecture 11-2

PYKC 27 Feb 2017 EA2.3 Electronics 2 Lecture PYKC 27 Feb 2017 EA2.3 Electronics 2 Lecture 11-2 In this lecture, I will introduce the mathematical model for discrete time signals as sequence of samples. You will also take a first look at a useful alternative representation of discrete signals known

More information

Theoretical 1 Bit A/D Converter

Theoretical 1 Bit A/D Converter Acquisition 16.1 Chapter 4 - Acquisition D/A converter (or DAC): Digital to Analog converters are used to map a finite number of values onto a physical output range (usually a ) A/D converter (or ADC):

More information

Advanced AD/DA converters. ΔΣ DACs. Overview. Motivations. System overview. Why ΔΣ DACs

Advanced AD/DA converters. ΔΣ DACs. Overview. Motivations. System overview. Why ΔΣ DACs Advanced AD/DA converters Overview Why ΔΣ DACs ΔΣ DACs Architectures for ΔΣ DACs filters Smoothing filters Pietro Andreani Dept. of Electrical and Information Technology Lund University, Sweden Advanced

More information

Outline. Analog/Digital Conversion

Outline. Analog/Digital Conversion Analog/Digital Conversion The real world is analog. Interfacing a microprocessor-based system to real-world devices often requires conversion between the microprocessor s digital representation of values

More information

EE247 Lecture 26. This lecture is taped on Wed. Nov. 28 th due to conflict of regular class hours with a meeting

EE247 Lecture 26. This lecture is taped on Wed. Nov. 28 th due to conflict of regular class hours with a meeting EE47 Lecture 6 This lecture is taped on Wed. Nov. 8 th due to conflict of regular class hours with a meeting Any questions regarding this lecture could be discussed during regular office hours or in class

More information

Waveform Encoding - PCM. BY: Dr.AHMED ALKHAYYAT. Chapter Two

Waveform Encoding - PCM. BY: Dr.AHMED ALKHAYYAT. Chapter Two Chapter Two Layout: 1. Introduction. 2. Pulse Code Modulation (PCM). 3. Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM). 4. Delta modulation. 5. Adaptive delta modulation. 6. Sigma Delta Modulation (SDM). 7.

More information

Design And Simulation Of First Order Sigma Delta ADC In 0.13um CMOS Technology Jaydip H. Chaudhari PG Student L. C. Institute of Technology, Bhandu

Design And Simulation Of First Order Sigma Delta ADC In 0.13um CMOS Technology Jaydip H. Chaudhari PG Student L. C. Institute of Technology, Bhandu Design And Simulation Of First Order Sigma Delta ADC In 0.13um CMOS Technology Jaydip H. Chaudhari PG Student L. C. Institute of Technology, Bhandu Gireeja D. Amin Assistant Professor L. C. Institute of

More information

EECS 373 Design of Microprocessor-Based Systems

EECS 373 Design of Microprocessor-Based Systems EECS 373 Design of Microprocessor-Based Systems Ronald Dreslinski University of Michigan Sampling, ADCs, and DACs and more Some slides adapted from Mark Brehob, Prabal Dutta, Jonathan Hui & Steve Reinhardt

More information

Analog to Digital Converters

Analog to Digital Converters Analog to Digital Converters By: Byron Johns, Danny Carpenter Stephanie Pohl, Harry Bo Marr http://ume.gatech.edu/mechatronics_course/fadc_f05.ppt (unless otherwise marked) Presentation Outline Introduction:

More information

ESE 531: Digital Signal Processing

ESE 531: Digital Signal Processing ESE 531: Digital Signal Processing Lec 11: February 20, 2018 Data Converters, Noise Shaping Lecture Outline! Review: Multi-Rate Filter Banks " Quadrature Mirror Filters! Data Converters " Anti-aliasing

More information

An Overview of the Decimation process and its VLSI implementation

An Overview of the Decimation process and its VLSI implementation MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive An Overview of the Decimation process and its VLSI implementation Rozita Teymourzadeh and Masuri Othman UKM University 1. February 2006 Online at http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/41945/

More information

Data Converters. Lecture Fall2013 Page 1

Data Converters. Lecture Fall2013 Page 1 Data Converters Lecture Fall2013 Page 1 Lecture Fall2013 Page 2 Representing Real Numbers Limited # of Bits Many physically-based values are best represented with realnumbers as opposed to a discrete number

More information

Understanding Data Converters SLAA013 July 1995

Understanding Data Converters SLAA013 July 1995 Understanding Data Converters SLAA03 July 995 Printed on Recycled Paper IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments (TI) reserves the right to make changes to its products or to discontinue any semiconductor product

More information