The Planning and Traffic Control in a Cellular Network for Great Activities

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1 The Planning and Traffic Control in a Cellular Network for Great Activities Miin-Jong Hao ( 郝敏忠 ) and Shien-Ho Li ( 李顯和 ) Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology address: miinhao@nkfust.edu.tw 摘要每年大型活動舉辦, 總會吸引大批人潮參與, 因應大量人口聚集產生的瞬間話務大量擁入行為, 進行即時的話務疏通, 對行動通信網路維運者而言, 是一項極具挑戰性與值得研究的議題 為了降低行動用戶通話阻塞率 (Blocking ratio), 維持與平時相當的行動客戶通信服務品質 (Quality of Service), 我們必須在活動區範圍, 採取適當的系統應變規劃與話務管控措施來疏通話務 活動前的擴充臨時行動基地台 (Mobile-BTS) 與調整既有基地台組態是必須的其中幾項措施, 我們利用高雄世運公園大型活動為實例說明, 完整的行動通信規劃過程與所採取的話務管控方法 本論文中, 我們開發了迅速調整既有基地台組態的工具程式 (Command Files Tool), 以及快速調整話務管控相關參數的 UNIX Shell 程式, 提升了系統規劃與話務管控的效能 最後我們展示了高雄世運公園大型活動區相關細胞話務量與品質指標的量測統計, 結果符合我們預先之規劃與管控目標 關鍵詞 : 服務品質 通話阻塞率 行動基地台 服務等級 行動通訊全球系統 世界行動電信系統 分封資料服務 分時多工 Abstract An appropriate planning and real time traffic control in a cellular network for the great activity is a real challenge for dealing with a large number of mobile subscribers call request simultaneously. For reducing the call blocking probability of the mobile subscribers, maintaining the mobile subscribers quality of service(qos) as usual, the mobile base stations deployment and modify the existed base stations configuration are a part of the necessary process in cellular network planning. In this paper, we present the whole planning process and propose our effective traffic control methods for the activities in the World Game Park in Kaohsiung. We have developed the command files tool for accelerating the existed reconfiguration of the base stations, and we have developed some UNIX shell program to make the parameters adjustment more easy and simple in traffic control. The cells traffic statistic and communication quality measurement results of the activity area show that our planning is successful and satisfied with the standard of QoS. Keywords: QoS, Blocking Ratio, Mobil-BTS, GOS, GSM, UMTS, GPRS, TDMA I. INTRODUCTION Recently, the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) and the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) are very popular contemporary wireless communication systems [1]-[10]. There will be many great activities take place around the world in each year, these activities will attract a large of number people to participate in. If too many mobile subscribers request call service simultaneously, it will affect the stability of the cellular network, and we need to execute appropriate planning and traffic control in activity area. In general, different activity will bring different communication action of subscribers. Each great activity planning and traffic control in cellular network will different depends on its activity type. We can roughly divide these great activities into three types as below: Concentrative activity Parade activity Large-scale activity For example, athletic meets, the music shows, the anniversary celebration of schools, and the exhibitions of computer and telecommunication, they belong to concentrative activities, there will be many people concentrate in the main activity area. The parade for an election or political activity, and the parade for a religious activity, they belong parade activity. In this kind of activities, we need to notice the whole parade route, it is very important for our mobile base stations deployment. The large-scale activity planning and traffic control will involve two or three Message Switch Centers (MSCs): the population is about above 500,000 people. In this kind of activities we need to deploy more mobile base stations, and to consider more in the planning and traffic control. Our researches are focus on concentrative activity s planning and traffic control in this paper. In general, a great activity take place will attract many people to participate in, when a large number of mobile subscribers crowd into the cellular network simultaneously, how to maintain the stable of the cellular network and supply the subscribers good quality of service as usual is a big challenge for telecommunication engineers. Currently, there are very rare of related researches about the planning and traffic control in cellular network for great activity. It is an interesting research issue for us. If we don t execute any planning and traffic control for the great activity, it will cause the high call blocking probability around the activity area. Even the cellular network would crash down. This paper is organized as follows. The related basic principle for great activity s planning and traffic control in cellular network is described in Section II. The planning process and control details for activities in the World Game Park are discussed in Section III. The cells traffic statistic and communication quality measurement results are provided in Section IV. Conclusions are given in Section V. 1072

2 II. BASIC PRINCIPLE A. The Erlang B Formula and GOS The Erlang B Formula is an effective probability statistic model for evaluating telecommunication traffic capacity, subscribers congestion situation, and the requirement of traffic channels. The formula calculates blocking probability in a network system as follows, P ( E B n i 0 n / n!) i ( E / i!), (1) where P B is the probability of blocking, n is the total channels number, and E h is the traffic in Erlangs for the mean arrival rate of new calls and the mean call holding time h. If a request is not served immediately due to a resource (traffic channel) unavailable, it will be aborted. Blocking will occur at the situation that a new request is made from a subscriber as the traffic channels are all busy [11]-[15]. The Grade of Service (GOS) is equal to the percent value of P B, which represents one part of the service quality a subscriber can expect to experience when making a call in a telecommunication network. Telecommunication operators usually make use of the Erlang B equation to determine whether their traffic channels meet the requirement of Grade of Service. It usually is a trade-off issue in GOS that if the smaller probability of blocking and the same traffic in Erlangs are desired, more traffic channels in the telecommunication network are required. It means that the operators have to spend more cost in hardware or software equipment. B. The Cell Reselection Criteria in GSM When an idle-mode mobile station camped on a cell, the mobile station will regularly search for a new better cell according to the cell reselection criteria. If a new better cell is found, the mobile station will select the new cell as its serving cell. There are many cell reselection criteria in GSM/GPRS/UMTS specification, such as criterion C1, criterion C2 are used in GSM (voice service), the criterion C 1, criterion C31, and criterion C32 are used in GPRS (packet data service), the cell reselection criterion R is used in UMTS [16], all above-mentioned cell reselection criteria are based on received signal level (RxLev) measurements in the serving cell and its neighboring cell. The cell reselection can be determined autonomously either by the mobile station or by the cellular network. There are three cell reselection modes defined, including NC0, NC1, and NC2. We describe them as below: NC0, in this mode, the GSM/GPRS mobile station performs autonomous cell reselection, and it doesn t send measurement reports to the network. NC1, in this mode, the GSM/GPRS mobile station performs autonomous cell reselection and periodically deliver measurement reports to the network. NC2, in this mode, the network determines the cell reselection, and the GSM/GPRS mobile station deliver measurement reports to the network. In general, we focus on the cell reselection criteria C1 and C2, when we execute traffic control in cellular network, adjusting the relative parameters of the cell reselection criteria C1 or C2 is a very effective approach. The C1 Algorithm is used as the minimum signal strength level criterion for cell reselection, as follows: C1 = (A - Max[B,0] ) C1 ( A Max[ B,0]), (3) where A = RxLev - RxLev_Access_Min A represents the reception margin and B = MS_TxPwr_Max_CCH P is the mobile terminal device s transmission capability margin. The parameter RxLev_Access_Min represents the minimum received signal level at mobile station to access the cell, RxLev represents the currently received signal level at mobile station, and MS_TxPwr_Max_CCH represents the maximum allowable transmission power level at the mobile station when accessing the cell. P is the maximum RF output power of the mobile station (according to cellular phone specification). If A >0, the mobile station is in the cell coverage and the downlink signal is good enough; otherwise, the mobile station is outside of the cell coverage. If B<0, i.e., the transmission capability of the mobile station is enough, and if the mobile is in the cell s coverage (A >0), the cell can be selected. If B>0 and A-B>0, then the mobile station transmission capability is compensated by the reception margin and the cell can be selected by the mobile station. If B>0 and A-B<0, then the mobile station transmission capability is not compensated by the reception margin and the cell cannot be selected by the mobile station. C. The Handover in the Cellular Network The mobile station s handover action will be enabled when a busy-mode mobile station meets the situations as below [17]-[19]: The received signal strength level (RxLev-dbm) of MS from the serving cell is too low to continue the call proceeding.( It can be ignored rescue- type handover) The received signal quality (RxQual) of the MS from the serving cell is not good enough - the Bits Error Ratio (BER) is too high to continue the call proceeding.( It can be ignored rescue-type handover) The distance between the MS and the serving cell of BTS is too far, and the cellular network forced the MS to handover to the nearby non-serving cell.( It can be ignored rescue-type handover) The serving cell s traffic load is too heavy to handle so many mobile stations, and it forced some mobile stations to handover to the other neighboring cells or restricted some incoming handover calls. ( It can be ignored restrictive-type handover ) The handover executed due to the serving cell s power budget, the current serving cell can be replaced by the other better neighboring cells. ( It can be ignored preventive-type handover) 1073

3 III. THE PLANNING S PROCESS AND THE TRAFFIC CONTROL S METHODS FOR ACTIVITIES IN THE WORLD GAME PARK In this section, we present the whole planning process of the mobile telecommunication system and the traffic control s methods for activities in the World Game Park in Kaohsiung. We implement some UNIX shell programs that can reduce the traffic control parameters tuning time and improve the mobile subscribes quality of service. We also introduce how to adjust the mobile BTS antennas down tile angle in practice. By the way, we explain the requirement of the base station controller s traffic load balance mechanism and emergency protection mechanism in digital cellular communication system. A. The Planning s Process for Activities in the World Game Park The planning process and details before the activity of the World Game Park, including the coverage test of the activity area, evaluating the requirement of hardware by the traffic s prediction, the existed base stations reconfiguration, the Base Station Controller s (BSC) load balance mechanism, the mobile base stations deployment, the frequency s plan of the activity area, the Slow Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH) timeslot allocation in each cell, the Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) feature s enable, to cut down the unnecessary neighboring cell each other, the call test and coverage test, the plan of the emergency protection mechanism, and setting the monitored cells group. a. The Coverage Test of the Activity Area Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show the main stadium s radio field test s result before the activities, it is beneficial to the mobile base station s deployment and frequency plan. We used the NEMO radio test tool for the test. Fig. 2. The outdoor coverage test of Main stadium (Rx Quality). b. Evaluating the Requirement of Hardware We can evaluate the requirement of the hardware by the traffic s prediction. At first, we predict that about people will attend to this activity of the World Game Park. There are approximate one of third s people will utilize our cellular communication system in 2G and 3G. There will be 60 percent s mobile subscribers registered in 2G and 40 percent s mobile subscriber registered in 3G. We assume that each mobile subscriber will contribute 10mErl in 2G and 16mErl in 3G according to our intra statistic data, we can figure out the traffic s requirement of the cellular communication system respectively in 2G and 3G: (1/3) (3/5) 10mErl = 240Erl in 2G, (7) (1/3) (2/5) 16mErl = 256Erl in 3G. (8) c. The Existed Reconfiguration of Base Stations We can reconfigure the existed base station cell s transceivers for expand traffic capacity in collection area of people, Fig. 3 shows the results of configuration. Fig. 1. The outdoor coverage test of Main stadium (RxLevel). Fig. 3. The existed reconfiguration of base stations in 2G. In Fig. 3, the BTS7346G S444 means that there are four transceivers equipment in each cell, and we must change its original configuration, to add four transceivers in the second cell. The BTS7346G s new configuration will be S484, we can evaluate that it can affords approximate 74.84Erl by Erlang B formula with 0.3% grade of service (GOS). We also can see 1074

4 BTS7586D S332_S232, it means the base station including GSM900 and GSM1800 system (dual band system), the front S332 is GSM900 and the rear S232 is GSM1800. In Fig. 4, method 2, we have developed a useful command files tool, it can help us more rapidly reconfigure the base station s software objects than the supplier s graphic user interface reconfiguration method 1. Fig. 4. Comparison of BTS reconfigurations. There are five command files in the command file tool, They just like the batch files in UNIX or DOS system, we simply category them two kinds command files, One is for GSM900 system s command files and the other is for GSM1800 system s command files due to their system parameters are different. d. Load Balance Mechanism of Base Station Controller As mention above that we can predict the approximate traffic load of activities of the World Game Park. If the base station controller cannot handle it by system s specification, in other words, it is possible that the base station controller overloaded, and we need to do the BSC s load balancing mechanism in advance as shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Install the mobile BTS to BSC of the activity area. e. Mobile BTS Deployment and Antenna s Down Tilt For dealing with high traffic demand of the activity area, we need to deploy some mobile base stations in appropriate position. Because the beginning and the ending of activities in the World Game Park will execute traffic control around the activity area, we need to apply the passports for mobile base stations and the workers at first. Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show the mobile base stations deployment and configuration in the beginning and ending of the activities. Fig. 7. Mobile base stations deployment at the beginning of the activities. Fig. 5. The BSC s load balance mechanism. In Fig. 6, it shows, if the base station controller of the activity area (BSC A01) is in heavy load, we can emigrate some base station to neighboring BSC of light load (BSC A02). It can improve the base station controller s robust, avoiding handle too many traffic load to crash down. In Fig. 6, we can install the mobile base stations to the base station controller of the activity area. Fig. 8. Mobile base stations deployment at the end of the activities. 1075

5 communication quality or impact the stable of the cellular network. In Fig. 11, we utilize the frequency planning tool to optimize our frequency plan. Fig. 9. Calculation of the antenna down tilt angle. Down tilt antennas are frequently used in cellular radio base station, they can improve the signal s strength and reduce the multi-paths interference. Fig. 9 shows the calculation method of the mobile base station s antenna down tilt angle. The mobile base station s antenna down tilt angle can be calculated easily [20], [21]. In practice, when we adjusted the antennas down tilt angle of the cell, we had better monitor the cell. If no any traffic load exists in the cell, we should adjust the antennas down tilt immediately. f. The Frequencies Planning of the Activity Area In GSM system, each cell s Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) and its Base Station Identity Code (BSIC) plan is very important. If we plan them carelessly that may be lead to critical radio interference. For example, we plan the identical BCCH frequency in very closely cells each other, will cause the co-channel s interference. In Fig. 10, we had better avoid planning the same BCCH frequency or the BCCH+1, BCCH-1 frequency (Adjacent-channel interference) in the activity area. Fig. 10. The BCCH/BSIC allocation in GSM. The poor frequency planning will increase handover failure ratio, call drop ratio, affecting mobile subscribers Fig. 11. The frequency planning tool of GSM. When we finished each cell s BCCH/BSIC plan in activity area, we must modify the 3G UMTS Node B inter-system neighboring cells parameters setting at the same time. g. The SDCCH Timeslot Allocation in Each Cell of the Activity Area We require allocate the suitable numbers of SDCCH time slots in each cell s TDMA radio time slot resource due to the mobile subscribers signaling control demand. For example, location update, make a call and short message service transfer will need to use the SDCCH time slot resource. From a software engineer s view point, if we want to adjust the numbers of the SDCCH time slot, at first, we must lock the cell, and then resetting it. When we locked the cell, it means that will interrupt the service of the cell, so we have to allocate the appropriate numbers of SDCCH time slot in advance. We had better set more numbers of SDCCH time slots in cells of the activity area, to deal with many mobile subscribers requirements simultaneously. h. The Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Feature s Enable AMR is one kind of audio data compression technique. It was adopted as the standard speech codec by GSM and UMTS [22]. The usage of AMR requires optimized link adaptation that selects the best codec mode to meet the local radio channel and capacity requirements. AMR codec uses eight source codecs with bit-rates of 12.2, 10.2, 7.95, 7.40, 6.70, 5.90, 5.15 and 4.75 Kbits/s, it is a hybrid speech coder which uses Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction (ACELP), ACELP is a speech encoding algorithm where a limited set of pulses is distributed as excitation to linear prediction filter. AMR utilizes Discontinuous Transmission (DTX), with Voice Activity Detection (VAD) and Comfort Noise Generation (CNG) to reduce bandwidth usage during silence periods, in software view point, we should enable the AMR 1076

6 feature in the cells of the activity area, and it can increase cells traffic capacity. i. To Cut Down the Unnecessary Neighboring Cell Each Other To keep the appropriate neighboring cells in each serving cell is good for efficient handover, setting too many neighboring cells in each serving cell will increase system s computation time, setting too rare neighboring cells will reduce the handover successful probability. From a software engineer s view point, each cell has it s limitation of neighboring cells, if we want to install the mobile base station to the area of activity, we should cut down the unnecessary neighboring cell from the existed cells, and then append the mobile base station s cell to the existed cells neighboring cells list. How to find the unnecessary neighboring cell in each cell is an interesting issue. In practice, we can search the unnecessary neighboring cell from the handover related statistics report. Some unnecessary neighboring cells conditions are listed as below: There are not any handovers happened each other. No outgoing handover and incoming handover failure ratio is 100%. No incoming handover and outgoing handover failure ratio is 100%. Incoming handover failure ratio is 100%; outgoing handover failure ratio is 100%. There are very rare incoming and outgoing handovers, and incoming handover failure ratio is high. There are very rare incoming and outgoing handovers, and outgoing handover failure ratio is high. j. The Call Test and Coverage Test When all above process were finished, and software objects of mobile base stations are already created in GSM s BSS system, we need to verify if our software objects can real connect to hardware of the mobile base stations, we have to make the call test for ensure our software setting and hardware s installment are right. We hope that all the mobile base stations can allocate in activity area and make the call test at the same times, and then we can do the radio coverage test conveniently. Fig. 12. The emergency protection mechanism of GSM. We should prepare more detail circuit data and configuration data file of related base stations for reroute the critical base stations to another MSC site. We also prepare Traffic Management Unit (TMU) board, Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU) board, Mass Memory Storage (MMS) board for the emergency backup of BSC. We prepare transceiver unit (DRX), power amplifier unit (PA), combiner unit (H2D, H4D), transmission interface unit (CPCMI), and base station central management unit (CBCF) for the emergency backup of the mobile base station. In brief, they are BSC and BTS s important hardware boards or devices. We can find a lot of terms, these terms were defined by supplier s hardware specification. We utilize network operator s real time traffic monitoring applications [25]. With it, we can set our monitored cell group of the activity area easily; it is beneficial to our traffic control of the activity area. B. The Traffic Control Methods for Activities in the World Game Park In this subsection, we will introduce the cells traffic load control flow, and bring up our efficiency traffic control method compare to the supplier s traffic control method. a. Load Control Flow of the Cells Traffic In Fig. 13, we can clearly understand the whole flow of the cell s traffic load control. k. The Plan of the Emergency Protection Mechanism In general, there will be a lot of traffic crowded into the BSC or MSC of the activity area, to prevent the MSC or BSC of the activity area unexpected crash down, we should plan the emergency protection mechanism to mitigate the impact of the subscribers service. The plan of the emergency protection mechanism includes [23], [24]: Critical base stations of the activity area reconnect plan BSC equipment s important hardware backup BTS equipment s important hardware backup In Fig. 12, we can reconnect the critical base stations to another MSC site s BSC. Fig. 13. Cells traffic control flow chart. 1077

7 b. Load Control Methods of the Cells Traffic When the cells of the activity area overload, we need to adjust some traffic control related parameter to reduce these cells load [26]. In GSM system, we propose two main control methods, the first method, we can adjust the cell reselection criterion C2 s related parameter: Cell Reselection Offset (CRO) value. CRO value s range is 0~126 db step 2, the smaller CRO value of the cell, it means smaller idle-mode mobile stations will select the cell as the serving cell; the bigger CRO value of the cell, it means bigger idle-mode mobile stations will select the cell as the serving cell. So we can control the cells load by adjusting their CRO value. In Fig. 14, shows that as the congestion cell s CRO value (BTS_A, CELL #3) is adjusted, we had better adjust the opposite cell s CRO value (BTS_B, CELL #2) in the meanwhile. methods. In Fig. 16, we have developed some UNIX shell program (Method B) to simplify the traffic control parameters adjustment. Fig. 16. Simplification for the traffic control parameters adjustment. IV. TRAFFIC STATISTIC AND COMMUNICATION QUALITY MEASUREMENT RESULTS A. Traffic Statistic Fig. 17 presents the traffic changes in Kaohsiung city during activities of the World Game Park [27]. Fig. 14. Adjustment of cell reselection offset. The second method, we can control the cells load by adjusting the handover control related parameters, when a cell traffic overload, we can raise the threshold of incoming handover s condition in the congestion cell, and then lower the threshold of incoming handover s condition in the opposite cell Fig. 15 shows the adjustment method of the handover control parameters. Fig. 17. Traffic changes in Kaohsiung city during the activities. Fig. 18 shows the traffic difference between before and during the activities. Fig. 15.Adjustment of related parameters for cells handover control. When we execute cells traffic control in the beginning and the ending of activities, we can combine above-mentioned Fig. 18. Traffic comparison for activities in the World Game Parks. Fig. 19 shows traffic s changes in the activity area at the beginning of the activities. We can clearly see that the highest traffic load is Erlangs, which happens around 18:00~19:00. The activity began at 19:00 that many people crowded into the Main stadium before the celebration at the beginning of the activities. 1078

8 Fig. 22. Call drop ratio comparison at the end of the activities. Fig. 19. Traffic comparison at the beginning of the activities. Fig. 20 shows traffic s changes in the activity area at the end of the activities. The highest traffic load is Erlangs, which occurred around 18:00~19:00. Fig. 23 shows the comparison of the TCH blocking ratio at the beginning of activities of the World Game Park with that in ordinary day. The TCH blocking ratio is 0.35% around the beginning time of the activity (18:00~19:00). The call drop ratio is under 0.35 % during the activity. Fig. 20. Traffic comparison at the end of the activities. B. Communication Quality Measurement Results Fig. 21 presents the comparison of the call drop ratio at the beginning of the Activities of the World Game Park and ordinary day. The call drop ratio is 0.86% around the beginning time of the activity (18:00~19:00). The call drop ratio is under 2.5 % during the activity. Fig. 23. TCH blocking ratio comparison at the beginning of activities. Fig. 24 shows the comparison of the TCH blocking ratio at the ending of activities in the World Game Park and ordinary day. The TCH blocking ratio is 0.24% around the beginning time of the activity (18:00~19:00). The call drop ratio is under 0.24 % during the activity. Fig. 21. Call drop ratio comparison at the beginning of activities. Fig. 22 shows the comparison of the call drop ratio at the ending of activities in the World Game Park and ordinary day. The call drop ratio is 1.02% around the beginning time of the activity (18:00~19:00). The call drop ratio is under 1.52 % during the activity. Fig. 24. TCH blocking ratio comparison at the end of activities. Fig. 25 presents the comparison of the SDCCH blocking ratio at the beginning of the activities in the World Game Park and ordinary day. The SDCCH blocking ratio is 0.06% around the beginning time of the activity (18:00~19:00). The SDCCH blocking ratio is under 0.2 % during the activity. 1079

9 Fig. 26 shows the comparison of the SDCCH blocking ratio at the ending of activities in the World Game Park and ordinary day. The SDCCH blocking ratio is 0 % around the beginning time of the activity (18:00~19:00). The call drop ratio is under 0.03 % during the activity. blocking ratio at the beginning of activities in the World Game Park. Fig. 29 shows the relationship of the traffic load and TCH blocking ratio at the end of activities in the World Game Park. Fig. 25. SDCCH blocking ratio comparison at the beginning of activities. Fig. 28. Traffic load and TCH blocking ratio at the beginning of activities. Fig. 29. Traffic load and TCH blocking ratio at the end of activities. Fig. 26. SDCCH blocking ratio comparison at the end of activities. Fig. 27. QoS Comparison. Fig. 27 presents the QoS changes during the activities in the World Game Park. The QoS at the beginning of the activities is and the QoS at the end of the activities is The QoS values during the activity always keep above the QoS standard (=97). The difference between Ordinary days and Activity days is very slight. It represent that our planning and control is effective. In general, higher traffic load will associate with higher TCH blocking ratio, but it is not an absolute law. We can utilize appropriate traffic control methods to reduce the TCH blocking ratio. Fig. 28 shows the relationship of the traffic load and TCH V. CONCLUSIONS An appropriate planning and traffic control in a cellular network for the great activity is necessary due to the requirement of a large number mobile subscribers crowd in simultaneously. In this paper, we proposed an effective planning and traffic control methods that can be used for reducing the call blocking ratio, and maintain the mobile subscribers quality of service (QOS). In section II, we introduced the related basic theories about the planning and traffic control in cellular network, including the introduction of Erlang B formula, the relationship of the Erlang B formula and Grade of Service (GOS), the cell reselection criteria in GSM, the handover in cellular network, the related mobile communication quality indicator of GSM. In section III, we described the whole planning process and proposed the effective traffic control methods for activities in the World Game Park. We executed the cells traffic load control by adjusting the key parameters CRO [db], homargin [db] and homargintrafficoffset [db] in GSM. In section IV, we presented the traffic statistic and related cells quality indicators measurement results, it shows our planning and traffic control is really valid for the activities in the World Game Park. Finally, we hope this research is helpful for improving mobile communication quality and maintaining stable of the cellular network for the great activity, and it can be ignored a reference for the future great activity planning. 1080

10 ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was supported in part by National Science Council, Taiwan, R.O.C. under Grant NSC E REFERENCES [1] [2] Dharma Prakash Agrawal and Qing-An Zeng, Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Systems. 2nd ed., 2006 [3] T. S. Rappaport, Wireless Communication-Principles & Practice. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1996 [4] 3GPP Technical Specification GSM Version6.1.0 Release [5] Harri Holma and Antti Toskala, WCDMA for UMTS, Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communication. 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, [6] 3GPP Technical Specification Network Architecture, Version 5.5.0, January [7] 3GPP Technical Specification UTRAN Overall Description. [8] 3GPP Technical Specification [9] 3GPP Technical Specification [10] M. Mouly and M.B. Pautet, The GSM System for Mobile Communications., Palaiseau, France, [11] K. Erlang, The Theory of Probabilities and Telephone Conversations, Nyt Tidsskrift for Matematik B, vol 20, [12] K. Erlang, Solution of some Problems in the Theory of Probabilities of Significance in Automatic Telephone Exchanges, Elektrotkeknikeren, vol. 13, [13] Bolch and S. Greiner, Queueing Network and Markov Chains, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.pp.12-15, , [14] Ian Angus, An Introduction to Erlang B and Erlang C, Telemanagement, [15] ITU-T, Recommendation E.520, Number of circuits to be provided in automatic and/or semiautomatic operation, without overflow facilities, [16] Emmanuel Seurre, Patrick Savelli, and Jean Pierre Pietri, GPRS for Mobile Internet. Artech House, [17] GSM recommandation 04.08, version 4.5.0, June 1993, section [18] GSM recommandation Radio Subsystem Link Control. [19] 3GPP Technical Specification [20] Wu Jianhui and Yuan Dongfeng, Antenna downtilt performance in urban environments, IEEE Military Communications Conference, MILCOM '96, Conference Proceedings, [21] Iana Siomina, "P-CPICH Power and Antenna Tilt Optimization in UMTS Networks.", IEEE Advanced Industrial Conference on Telecommunications, July [22] 3GPP Technical Specification , Mandatory Speech Codec speech processing functions; Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) speech codec; Transcoding functions. [23] Nortel Network, V14 BSS Operation & Maintenance for V12 Experts, Course OMV14. PE/TRD/CN/ /EN, April [24] Nortel Network, BSCe3 and TCUe3 Local Maintenance, Course OML14, PE/TRD/CN/ /EN. June [25] traffic information system for mobile network, Chunghwa Telecom intra-website developed by Chunghwa Telecom Laboratories, [26] Nortel Network, BSS Parameter Dictionary, PE/DCL/DD/ /EN Preliminary. June [27] traffic information system for mobile network, Chunghwa Telecom intra-website developed by Chunghwa Telecom Laboratories,

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