A novel Method for Radar Pulse Tracking using Neural Networks
|
|
- Leslie Johnson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 A novel Method for Radar Pulse Tracking using Neural Networks WOOK HYEON SHIN, WON DON LEE Department of Computer Science Chungnam National University Yusung-ku, Taejon, KOREA Abstract: - Within restricted response time, in order to track pulse train of Radar and predict the next pulse time, we propose the Neural network with Dynamic structure. This Dynamic structure consists of basic structures. And it is a variable structure in that the basic structures are added to the previous structure as input signal is received more. This structure is applicable to the case that has noise pulses, missing pulses and requires rapid response time. In this study, we apply the proposed neural network to predict a radar pulses with a nonlinear characteristics and test it for 4 level stagger, patterned signal with sinusoidal type. Key-Words: - Pulse, Tracking, PRI, Dynamic structure, Neural Network Introduction Multi-layered feed-forward neural networks have been developed and used as predictor of stock prices and weather [],[4]. There are, however, many restrictions when we apply it to extremely rapid real time series problem (e.g. radar signal processing), because it requires many processing time. In radar processing problem input data is changed every hundreds of microsecond to tens of millisecond, and it also has often missing pulse and noisy data. In this complex radar signal environment, in order to handle the special signal only, we have to track the pulse train and predict the next TOA(Time Of Arrival). Also, tracking for frequency is needed in the frequency domain. Many modern radars use complex pulse repetition interval(pri) modulations like stagger, jitter and pattern type signal against the many intentional interference methods[2],[3]. So the pulse tracking system which is applied in EW(Electronic Warfare) must track many types of PRI modulation and the patterned frequency signals, even in the complex multi-emitter condition -- missing and spurious pulses. In this paper, we propose a dynamic neural network structure that can track the patterned signal even in the noise environment within a tolerable error range. This structure uses Error Back Propagation(EBP) basically. Since we have to get a precise prediction and a fast response time, we output a tracked data by using a simple structure for small amount of received signal. As the number of received signals is increased, we expand size of the structure and make its accuracy high. The structure is expanded until the number of input node exceeds one cycle of patterned signals. To test this structure, we use a sinusoidal type signal and 4 level stagger of the patterned signal. 2 Radar signal environment and characteristics Radar uses pulse trains to acknowledge information of targets. This pulse train is transmitted with some time interval that is called PRI. Many radar systems change the PRI for the purpose of preventing the tracking of a ECM equipment(tracker) and processes the signal effectively[2]. Received radar signal from an antenna is described with periodic function equation as follows: X + t + = Xt + F( ti) et () Where, X t+ is time of arrival (TOA), X t is previous time, F(t i ) is function that changes PRI pattern, e t is sum of a radio wave transmission error and its receiving error in the antenna. Difference of two consecutive TOA, X t+ - X t is PRI and its range is usually several tens of microseconds to several hundreds of microseconds. Since e t is small relatively, PRI is varied according to the function F(t i ). If F(t i ) is constant then it is called stable PRI, if it has a pattern, it is called a sine type PRI or a triangle type
2 PRI, for instance. Also, in frequency domain a pattern is applied like PRI and it is described as equation (2). Freq + t + = Freq + F( ti) et (2) Freq t+ is next frequency, Freq is base value, F(t i ) is function that changes a frequency pattern, and e t is sum of error. In equation (), (2), function F(t i ) has a similar pattern and characteristics. So, the tracking algorithm for PRI and frequency can be used commonly. As equation (), (2), the radar pulse has missing pulses in the consecutive pulse trains besides noise e t. This radar pulse problem makes hard to track the signal, but tracker has to follow the pulse train and predict next TOA. In this work we suppose that the tracker receive a brief information(pattern type, range of values) about PRI and frequency from ES(Electronic Support) part as in other tracking systems. 3.2 Dynamic structure As in case of tracking radar pulse trains, although it has some error, for the fast response, we proposed a dynamic structure that varies its structure according to the lapse of time(fig.). The neural network structure we propose in this paper has a basic structure using EBP learning algorithm. Dynamic structure means that structure of neural network is variedaccording to the dimensionof the input data. For example, Fig. (a) is a basic structure of this dynamic structure and it has 20 input nodes, 40 hidden nodes and one output node. We can change the structure according to the requirement of the tracker. The number of input nodes in the input layer, for instance, could be determined by the first response time that is requested by a tracking system. The combined structure of these two basic structures is (b), while (c) and (d) are the ones with 3 and 5, respectively. 3 Neural Network structure 3. Simple 3-layer approach In radar pulse tracking we can use a simple 3-layer neural network[5]. As described in (3), objective function is defined as the sum of the square of the difference between the output( y k ) and desired output ( yd k ). (a) 20(basic structure) (b) 40 2 T p = ( ydk yk ) (3) 2 In time domain, a tracking system that tracks consecutive input signals needs an accurate prediction and a fast response. We use simple 3 layer neural network for tracking system in which its input node is PRI and its output node is a predicted PRI. By experiment, the number of input nodes in this network must be much larger than that of PRI of one cycle for a stable tracking. For example, if a period of pattern is 50milli-seconds and PRI is 500micro -seconds, the number of pulse becomes 00. So the number of input nodes is set to 00. If it is fully connected network, it will operate after all input nodes are assigned. It means that the network will generate output data(prediction) after the lapse of 50ms. (c) 60 (d) 00 Fig. A structure is changed according to the requirement of the tracker. If it is a patterned signal which has a periodical, the input node number of the last combined structure must be lager than the number of pulses in a cycle of the pattern. If it is so, the finally structured neural network can learn the information which is included within a whole cycle, and it can predict a next value(pri or frequency) accurately.
3 The number of input nodes in the basic structure is related to the minimum response time required in the application. This paper takes 20 input nodes as an example, which means we output a predicted result after receiving 20 pulses. If the number of received signals increases with the lapse of time, another 20-cell is appended to the previous structure. Then, a neural network structure having 40 input nodes is made. After this time, the predict data is made by using this new structure. It continues until the number of pulses corresponding to one cycle is received. A summary of the algorithm is: ) Define the minimum response time of tracking system, RT min 2) Design the basic structure of dynamic structure neural network BN input = RT min /PRI (BN input : input node number of Basic structure) 3) Determine the number of maximum input node, MN input CPRI MN input (CPRI : cycle time of pattern/pri) 4) Determine structure number to append to previous structure, SN SN= MN input / BN input 4 Experiments and Discussion The dynamic structure suggested in this paper can be applied to the prediction of a periodical and non-stationary signal system. This experiment uses the signals that got from the experimental set-up in unechoic chamber. The experiment signals are obtained by measuring the signals received through the antenna with special measuring equipment. Radar simulator makes the radar signal data and three antennas transmit the signal. At the other side one antenna receives that RF signal and converts it to digital data with A/D converter. Filter & Emitter identifier filters the noise. Tracker system tracks the three radar signals and predicts a next pulse event. Table. Experimental radar features No PRI sine No. emitter of Table has a sinusoidal pattern type in frequency modulation. In case of the No. signal we suppose that the minimum response time of tracking system, RT min is 9.6milliseconds. Then, BN input (input node number of basic structure) is 9.6ms/480µs=20. We designed a basic structure with 20 input nodes, 40 hidden nodes and one output node. The number of one cycle pulse(cpri) is about 42(20ms/480µs). So, the maximum input node number, MN input is decided to be 42. SN= 42 / 20 =3. Thus, we design three networks. One is a basic structure(20 input nodes), another is a two combined structure(40 input nodes) and the other is a three combined structure(60 input nodes). Each network is learned with the sample data. When the learned network is practiced in real data, we have to count the incoming PRI data. If incoming data is less than 20, then neural network does not produce output and when incoming data is between 20 and 40 then it produces output using basic structures. And then a second basic structure is appended to the first basic structure (e.g. two combined structure) (+/-00,20ms) 2 stable sine 400 (+/-00,30ms) No.-Freq-20 fix 480 Stagger (4 level) 650, , 672 jitter 560 Output data.005 Radar Simulator Filtering & Emitter Identification Tracker System 5 Fig.2 Experimental set-up Fig.3. Tracked result by a basic structure
4 The tracked results by the structure is made of 20 input nodes(basic structure) are shown in fig.3. From the time when the number of pulses received consecutively are 40 and more, structure (b) in Fig. is used, and its tracking results are shown in Fig.4. Similarly, Fig.5 shows the results when the number of PRI is 60 and over No No.-Freq Fig.4. Tracking result by 2 basic structures (40 input nodes) From the test result, as we see in Fig.3, the first response time of the tracker is 20x480us and its maximum error is 25.9, but in Fig.4 its maximum error is 6.6, and in fig.5 it is 2.9. These show that the tracker gradually becomes more accurate as the structure gets increased. No.2 in Table is the one whose frequency is fixed and the PRI is 4 level stagger. So we design neural networks: one for frequency, another for PRI No.-Freq-60 Output data Fig.6. Tracking result Stable Fig.7 shows the predicted results of signals when pulses are missing on the way and signals are not input into the neural network. When signals are not received, then the final PRI is used as input of the neural network. PRI No.2-stagger Fig.7. Tracking result-4 level stagger Fig.8 is the tracking results of sine type frequency(no. 3) with noise No.3-Freq Fig.5. Tracking result by 3 basic structures (60 input nodes) Fig.6 shows the tracking results of stable type frequency with noise Fig.8. Tracking result Sine type
5 5 Conclusion EBP algorithm has a memory effect in supervised learning environment and has a characteristic of learning repetitive signals effectively. In this paper we propose a neural network having a dynamic structure, which consists of basic strucuturess with EBP algorithm. This structure is good to predict periodical time series signals with noise. Here we apply the dynamic structure to the signals with the following environment (a) with noise which gets larger or smaller than the basic PRI (b) with missing pulses (c) with prediction response time required in several pulses We test our dynamic structure in radar tracking system having more than one of the above environments. This radar tracking system predicts the period of it s target well. For more study we are to work on algorithm with a shorter response time with a dedicated hardware. References: [] C. Gent and C. Sheppard, A general purpose neural network architecture for time series prediction, in Proc. IEE ICANN 92, 992, pp [2] Richard G. Wiley, Electronic Intelligence : The Analysis of Radar Signals, 2nd ed., pp , Artech House, 993. [3] Gregory P. Noone, A Neural Approach to Automatic Pulse Repetition Interval Modulation Recognition, IDC99 Proceedings, 999, pp [4] McClelland, Rumelhart, and the PDP Research Group, PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING Vol. 2, The MIT Press, 986. [5] Simon Haykin, NEURAL NETWORKS : A comprehensive foundation, 2nd ed., pp , Prentice Hall, 999.
AN EFFICIENT SET OF FEATURES FOR PULSE REPETITION INTERVAL MODULATION RECOGNITION
AN EFFICIENT SET OF FEATURES FOR PULSE REPETITION INTERVAL MODULATION RECOGNITION J-P. Kauppi, K.S. Martikainen Patria Aviation Oy, Naulakatu 3, 33100 Tampere, Finland, ax +358204692696 jukka-pekka.kauppi@patria.i,
More informationSonia Sharma ECE Department, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, MDU, Rohtak, India. Fig.1.Neuron and its connection
NEUROCOMPUTATION FOR MICROSTRIP ANTENNA Sonia Sharma ECE Department, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, MDU, Rohtak, India Abstract: A Neural Network is a powerful computational tool that
More informationCORRELATION BASED CLASSIFICATION OF COMPLEX PRI MODULATION TYPES
CORRELATION BASED CLASSIFICATION OF COMPLEX PRI MODULATION TYPES Fotios Katsilieris, Sabine Apfeld, Alexander Charlish Sensor Data and Information Fusion Fraunhofer Institute for Communication, Information
More informationIDENTIFICATION OF POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS IN IEEE BUS SYSTEM BY USING NEURAL NETWORKS
Fourth International Conference on Control System and Power Electronics CSPE IDENTIFICATION OF POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS IN IEEE BUS SYSTEM BY USING NEURAL NETWORKS Mr. Devadasu * and Dr. M Sushama ** * Associate
More informationIT S A COMPLEX WORLD RADAR DEINTERLEAVING. Philip Wilson. Slipstream Engineering Design Ltd.
IT S A COMPLEX WORLD RADAR DEINTERLEAVING Philip Wilson pwilson@slipstream-design.co.uk Abstract In this paper, we will look at how digital radar streams of pulse descriptor words are sorted by deinterleaving
More informationAnalog Implementation of Neo-Fuzzy Neuron and Its On-board Learning
Analog Implementation of Neo-Fuzzy Neuron and Its On-board Learning TSUTOMU MIKI and TAKESHI YAMAKAWA Department of Control Engineering and Science Kyushu Institute of Technology 68-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka
More informationJournal of World s Electrical Engineering and Technology J. World. Elect. Eng. Tech. 4(1): 13-20, April 25, 2015
ORIGIAL ARTICLE PII: S232251141500003-4 Received 26 Oct. 2014 Accepted 15 Jan. 2015 2015 Scienceline Publication www.science-line.com 2322-5114 Journal of World s Electrical Engineering and Technology
More informationRADAR PARAMETER GENERATION TO IDENTIFY THE TARGET
RADAR PARAMETER GENERATION TO IDENTIFY THE TARGET Prof. Dr. W. A. Mahmoud, Dr. A. K. Sharief and Dr. F. D. Umara University of Baghdad Baghdad, IRAQ ABSTRACT Due to the popularity of radar, receivers often
More informationVHF Radar Target Detection in the Presence of Clutter *
BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES Volume 6, No 1 Sofia 2006 VHF Radar Target Detection in the Presence of Clutter * Boriana Vassileva Institute for Parallel Processing,
More informationEnhanced MLP Input-Output Mapping for Degraded Pattern Recognition
Enhanced MLP Input-Output Mapping for Degraded Pattern Recognition Shigueo Nomura and José Ricardo Gonçalves Manzan Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG,
More informationEE 6422 Adaptive Signal Processing
EE 6422 Adaptive Signal Processing NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SINGAPORE School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering JANUARY 2009 Dr Saman S. Abeysekera School of Electrical Engineering Room: S1-B1c-87
More informationJ. C. Brégains (Student Member, IEEE), and F. Ares (Senior Member, IEEE).
ANALYSIS, SYNTHESIS AND DIAGNOSTICS OF ANTENNA ARRAYS THROUGH COMPLEX-VALUED NEURAL NETWORKS. J. C. Brégains (Student Member, IEEE), and F. Ares (Senior Member, IEEE). Radiating Systems Group, Department
More informationCurrent Harmonic Estimation in Power Transmission Lines Using Multi-layer Perceptron Learning Strategies
Journal of Electrical Engineering 5 (27) 29-23 doi:.7265/2328-2223/27.5. D DAVID PUBLISHING Current Harmonic Estimation in Power Transmission Lines Using Multi-layer Patrice Wira and Thien Minh Nguyen
More informationLearning Algorithms for Servomechanism Time Suboptimal Control
Learning Algorithms for Servomechanism Time Suboptimal Control M. Alexik Department of Technical Cybernetics, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 85/, 6 Zilina, Slovakia mikulas.alexik@fri.uniza.sk, ABSTRACT
More informationOn the Estimation of Interleaved Pulse Train Phases
3420 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 48, NO. 12, DECEMBER 2000 On the Estimation of Interleaved Pulse Train Phases Tanya L. Conroy and John B. Moore, Fellow, IEEE Abstract Some signals are
More informationThe Old Cat and Mouse Game Continues
The Old Cat and Mouse Game Continues or, How Advances in Radar Development Drive Testing Requirements for Next Generation EW Systems by: Walt Schulte Agilent Technologies Microwave and Communications Division
More informationContribution to the Smecy Project
Alessio Pascucci Contribution to the Smecy Project Study some performance critical parts of Signal Processing Applications Study the parallelization methodology in order to achieve best performances on
More informationKalman Tracking and Bayesian Detection for Radar RFI Blanking
Kalman Tracking and Bayesian Detection for Radar RFI Blanking Weizhen Dong, Brian D. Jeffs Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Brigham Young University J. Richard Fisher National Radio Astronomy
More informationA linear Multi-Layer Perceptron for identifying harmonic contents of biomedical signals
A linear Multi-Layer Perceptron for identifying harmonic contents of biomedical signals Thien Minh Nguyen 1 and Patrice Wira 1 Université de Haute Alsace, Laboratoire MIPS, Mulhouse, France, {thien-minh.nguyen,
More informationDESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SIGNAL
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS FOR GROUND BASED ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY RADAR. Kapil A. Bohara Student : Dept of electronics and communication, R.V. College of engineering Bangalore-59,
More informationPID Controller Design Based on Radial Basis Function Neural Networks for the Steam Generator Level Control
BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES Volume 6 No 5 Special Issue on Application of Advanced Computing and Simulation in Information Systems Sofia 06 Print ISSN: 3-970;
More informationMINE 432 Industrial Automation and Robotics
MINE 432 Industrial Automation and Robotics Part 3, Lecture 5 Overview of Artificial Neural Networks A. Farzanegan (Visiting Associate Professor) Fall 2014 Norman B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering
More informationRadiated EMI Recognition and Identification from PCB Configuration Using Neural Network
PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 3, NO., 007 5 Radiated EMI Recognition and Identification from PCB Configuration Using Neural Network P. Sujintanarat, P. Dangkham, S. Chaichana, K. Aunchaleevarapan, and P. Teekaput
More informationBluetooth positioning. Timo Kälkäinen
Bluetooth positioning Timo Kälkäinen Background Bluetooth chips are cheap and widely available in various electronic devices GPS positioning is not working indoors Also indoor positioning is needed in
More informationFigure 1. Artificial Neural Network structure. B. Spiking Neural Networks Spiking Neural networks (SNNs) fall into the third generation of neural netw
Review Analysis of Pattern Recognition by Neural Network Soni Chaturvedi A.A.Khurshid Meftah Boudjelal Electronics & Comm Engg Electronics & Comm Engg Dept. of Computer Science P.I.E.T, Nagpur RCOEM, Nagpur
More informationTransactions on Information and Communications Technologies vol 1, 1993 WIT Press, ISSN
Combining multi-layer perceptrons with heuristics for reliable control chart pattern classification D.T. Pham & E. Oztemel Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic and
More informationApproach of Pulse Parameters Measurement Using Digital IQ Method
International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 4, o., January 4 Approach of Pulse Parameters Measurement Using Digital IQ Method R. K. iranjan and B. Rajendra aik Abstract Electronic
More informationMultiple-Layer Networks. and. Backpropagation Algorithms
Multiple-Layer Networks and Algorithms Multiple-Layer Networks and Algorithms is the generalization of the Widrow-Hoff learning rule to multiple-layer networks and nonlinear differentiable transfer functions.
More informationPrinciples of Pulse-Doppler Radar p. 1 Types of Doppler Radar p. 1 Definitions p. 5 Doppler Shift p. 5 Translation to Zero Intermediate Frequency p.
Preface p. xv Principles of Pulse-Doppler Radar p. 1 Types of Doppler Radar p. 1 Definitions p. 5 Doppler Shift p. 5 Translation to Zero Intermediate Frequency p. 6 Doppler Ambiguities and Blind Speeds
More informationNOISE REDUCTION IN MULTIPLE RFID SENSOR SYSTEMS USED IN AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE AFASES2017 NOISE REDUCTION IN MULTIPLE RFID SENSOR SYSTEMS USED IN AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Andrei-Mihai LUCHIAN *, Mircea BOȘCOIANU **, Elena-Corina BOŞCOIANU
More informationLecture - 06 Large Scale Propagation Models Path Loss
Fundamentals of MIMO Wireless Communication Prof. Suvra Sekhar Das Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 06 Large Scale Propagation
More informationComputational Intelligence Introduction
Computational Intelligence Introduction Farzaneh Abdollahi Department of Electrical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology Fall 2011 Farzaneh Abdollahi Neural Networks 1/21 Fuzzy Systems What are
More information2 Limitations of range estimation based on Received Signal Strength
Limitations of range estimation in wireless LAN Hector Velayos, Gunnar Karlsson KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, (hvelayos,gk)@imit.kth.se Abstract Limitations in the range estimation
More informationChapter 2 Channel Equalization
Chapter 2 Channel Equalization 2.1 Introduction In wireless communication systems signal experiences distortion due to fading [17]. As signal propagates, it follows multiple paths between transmitter and
More informationROM/UDF CPU I/O I/O I/O RAM
DATA BUSSES INTRODUCTION The avionics systems on aircraft frequently contain general purpose computer components which perform certain processing functions, then relay this information to other systems.
More informationExperiment # 2. Pulse Code Modulation: Uniform and Non-Uniform
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 ECE417 c 2017 Bruno Korst-Fagundes CommLab Experiment # 2 Pulse Code Modulation: Uniform and Non-Uniform
More informationEENG473 Mobile Communications Module 3 : Week # (12) Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Path Loss
EENG473 Mobile Communications Module 3 : Week # (12) Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Path Loss Introduction Small-scale fading is used to describe the rapid fluctuation of the amplitude of a radio
More informationAnalysis of LFM and NLFM Radar Waveforms and their Performance Analysis
Analysis of LFM and NLFM Radar Waveforms and their Performance Analysis Shruti Parwana 1, Dr. Sanjay Kumar 2 1 Post Graduate Student, Department of ECE,Thapar University Patiala, Punjab, India 2 Assistant
More informationThe Radio Channel. COS 463: Wireless Networks Lecture 14 Kyle Jamieson. [Parts adapted from I. Darwazeh, A. Goldsmith, T. Rappaport, P.
The Radio Channel COS 463: Wireless Networks Lecture 14 Kyle Jamieson [Parts adapted from I. Darwazeh, A. Goldsmith, T. Rappaport, P. Steenkiste] Motivation The radio channel is what limits most radio
More informationA Comparison of Particle Swarm Optimization and Gradient Descent in Training Wavelet Neural Network to Predict DGPS Corrections
Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 00 Vol I WCECS 00, October 0-, 00, San Francisco, USA A Comparison of Particle Swarm Optimization and Gradient Descent in Training
More informationEffectiveness of Linear FM Interference Signal on Tracking Performance of PLL in Monopulse Radar Receivers
202 Effectiveness of Linear FM Interference Signal on Tracking Performance of PLL in Monopulse Radar Receivers Harikrishna Paik*, Dr.N.N.Sastry, Dr.I.SantiPrabha Assoc.Professor, Dept. of E&I Engg, VRSEC,
More informationBoost Your Skills with On-Site Courses Tailored to Your Needs
Boost Your Skills with On-Site Courses Tailored to Your Needs www.aticourses.com The Applied Technology Institute specializes in training programs for technical professionals. Our courses keep you current
More informationEC312 Lesson 20: Electronic Warfare (3/20/14)
Objectives: EC312 Lesson 20: Electronic Warfare (3/20/14) (a) Define and provide an example of Electronic Warfare (EW) and its three major subdivisions: Electronic Protection (EP), Electronic Support(ES)
More informationNEURAL NETWORK DEMODULATOR FOR QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MODULATION (QAM)
NEURAL NETWORK DEMODULATOR FOR QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MODULATION (QAM) Ahmed Nasraden Milad M. Aziz M Rahmadwati Artificial neural network (ANN) is one of the most advanced technology fields, which allows
More informationSignal Processing in Mobile Communication Using DSP and Multi media Communication via GSM
Signal Processing in Mobile Communication Using DSP and Multi media Communication via GSM 1 M.Sivakami, 2 Dr.A.Palanisamy 1 Research Scholar, 2 Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Sree Vidyanikethan
More informationMOBILE JAMMER CIRCUIT
MOBILE JAMMER CIRCUIT Archit Purohit 1,Akash Shukla 2, Deepak Pandey 3, Yogesh Nishad 4 UG Students, EXTC Department, SLRTCE,Mira road (E), Thane-401107. architmessi5@gmail.com shuklaakash664@gmail.com
More informationUse of Neural Networks in Testing Analog to Digital Converters
Use of Neural s in Testing Analog to Digital Converters K. MOHAMMADI, S. J. SEYYED MAHDAVI Department of Electrical Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Narmak, 6844, Tehran, Iran Abstract:
More informationRFIA: A Novel RF-band Interference Attenuation Method in Passive Radar
Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 2016; 4(3): 57-62 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/jeee doi: 10.11648/j.jeee.20160403.13 ISSN: 2329-1613 (Print); ISSN: 2329-1605 (Online) RFIA:
More informationIn this lecture, we will look at how different electronic modules communicate with each other. We will consider the following topics:
In this lecture, we will look at how different electronic modules communicate with each other. We will consider the following topics: Links between Digital and Analogue Serial vs Parallel links Flow control
More informationScanning Digital Radar Receiver Project Proposal. Ryan Hamor. Project Advisor: Dr. Brian Huggins
Scanning Digital Radar Receiver Project Proposal by Ryan Hamor Project Advisor: Dr. Brian Huggins Bradley University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering December 8, 2005 Table of Contents
More informationA Novel Adaptive Method For The Blind Channel Estimation And Equalization Via Sub Space Method
A Novel Adaptive Method For The Blind Channel Estimation And Equalization Via Sub Space Method Pradyumna Ku. Mohapatra 1, Pravat Ku.Dash 2, Jyoti Prakash Swain 3, Jibanananda Mishra 4 1,2,4 Asst.Prof.Orissa
More informationDigital Signal Processing (DSP) Algorithms for CW/FMCW Portable Radar
Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Algorithms for CW/FMCW Portable Radar Muhammad Zeeshan Mumtaz, Ali Hanif, Ali Javed Hashmi National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan Abstract
More informationSOME SIGNALS are transmitted as periodic pulse trains.
3326 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 46, NO. 12, DECEMBER 1998 The Limits of Extended Kalman Filtering for Pulse Train Deinterleaving Tanya Conroy and John B. Moore, Fellow, IEEE Abstract
More informationPERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS FOR PULSED ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS
PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS FOR PULSED ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS David S. Fooshe Nearfield Systems Inc., 19730 Magellan Drive Torrance, CA 90502 USA ABSTRACT Previous AMTA papers have discussed pulsed antenna
More informationOutline / Wireless Networks and Applications Lecture 3: Physical Layer Signals, Modulation, Multiplexing. Cartoon View 1 A Wave of Energy
Outline 18-452/18-750 Wireless Networks and Applications Lecture 3: Physical Layer Signals, Modulation, Multiplexing Peter Steenkiste Carnegie Mellon University Spring Semester 2017 http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~prs/wirelesss17/
More informationAcoustic signal processing via neural network towards motion capture systems
Acoustic signal processing via neural network towards motion capture systems E. Volná, M. Kotyrba, R. Jarušek Department of informatics and computers, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic Abstract
More informationApplying Multisensor Information Fusion Technology to Develop an UAV Aircraft with Collision Avoidance Model
Applying Multisensor Information Fusion Technology to Develop an UAV Aircraft with Collision Avoidance Model by Dr. Buddy H Jeun and John Younker Sensor Fusion Technology, LLC 4522 Village Springs Run
More informationECE 476/ECE 501C/CS Wireless Communication Systems Winter Lecture 6: Fading
ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS 513 - Wireless Communication Systems Winter 2003 Lecture 6: Fading Last lecture: Large scale propagation properties of wireless systems - slowly varying properties that depend primarily
More informationA Simple Design and Implementation of Reconfigurable Neural Networks
A Simple Design and Implementation of Reconfigurable Neural Networks Hazem M. El-Bakry, and Nikos Mastorakis Abstract There are some problems in hardware implementation of digital combinational circuits.
More informationA Novel Fuzzy Neural Network Based Distance Relaying Scheme
902 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, VOL. 15, NO. 3, JULY 2000 A Novel Fuzzy Neural Network Based Distance Relaying Scheme P. K. Dash, A. K. Pradhan, and G. Panda Abstract This paper presents a new
More informationSNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING COIMBATORE DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY QUESTION BANK
SNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING COIMBATORE 641107 DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY QUESTION BANK EC6801 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION UNIT-I WIRELESS CHANNELS PART-A 1. What is propagation model? 2. What are the
More informationLevel I Signal Modeling and Adaptive Spectral Analysis
Level I Signal Modeling and Adaptive Spectral Analysis 1 Learning Objectives Students will learn about autoregressive signal modeling as a means to represent a stochastic signal. This differs from using
More informationRadar level measurement - The users guide
Radar level measurement The user's guide Radar level measurement - The users guide Peter Devine written by Peter Devine additional information Karl Grießbaum type setting and layout Liz Moakes final drawings
More informationOperation of a Mobile Wind Profiler In Severe Clutter Environments
1. Introduction Operation of a Mobile Wind Profiler In Severe Clutter Environments J.R. Jordan, J.L. Leach, and D.E. Wolfe NOAA /Environmental Technology Laboratory Boulder, CO Wind profiling radars have
More informationINTRODUCTION. Basic operating principle Tracking radars Techniques of target detection Examples of monopulse radar systems
Tracking Radar H.P INTRODUCTION Basic operating principle Tracking radars Techniques of target detection Examples of monopulse radar systems 2 RADAR FUNCTIONS NORMAL RADAR FUNCTIONS 1. Range (from pulse
More informationDesign and Characterization of 16 Bit Multiplier Accumulator Based on Radix-2 Modified Booth Algorithm
Design and Characterization of 16 Bit Multiplier Accumulator Based on Radix-2 Modified Booth Algorithm Vijay Dhar Maurya 1, Imran Ullah Khan 2 1 M.Tech Scholar, 2 Associate Professor (J), Department of
More informationCOMPLEX ENVELOPE CONTROL OF PULSED ACCELERATING FIELD
Tomasz Czarski COMPLEX ENVELOPE CONTROL OF PULSED ACCELERATING FIELD IN SUPERCONDUCTING CAVITY RESONATORS L = 9 λ/2 ~ 1037 particle (z,τ) E 0 (z) 0 z Institute of Electronic Systems Publishing House of
More informationRobot Personality from Perceptual Behavior Engine : An Experimental Study
Robot Personality from Perceptual Behavior Engine : An Experimental Study Dongwook Shin, Jangwon Lee, Hun-Sue Lee and Sukhan Lee School of Information and Communication Engineering Sungkyunkwan University
More informationSet No.1. Code No: R
Set No.1 IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November -2008 RADAR SYSTEMS ( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics & Telematics) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any
More informationThe Use of Neural Network to Recognize the Parts of the Computer Motherboard
Journal of Computer Sciences 1 (4 ): 477-481, 2005 ISSN 1549-3636 Science Publications, 2005 The Use of Neural Network to Recognize the Parts of the Computer Motherboard Abbas M. Ali, S.D.Gore and Musaab
More informationLecture Fundamentals of Data and signals
IT-5301-3 Data Communications and Computer Networks Lecture 05-07 Fundamentals of Data and signals Lecture 05 - Roadmap Analog and Digital Data Analog Signals, Digital Signals Periodic and Aperiodic Signals
More informationTHE BENEFITS OF DSP LOCK-IN AMPLIFIERS
THE BENEFITS OF DSP LOCK-IN AMPLIFIERS If you never heard of or don t understand the term lock-in amplifier, you re in good company. With the exception of the optics industry where virtually every major
More informationArtificial Neural Networks. Artificial Intelligence Santa Clara, 2016
Artificial Neural Networks Artificial Intelligence Santa Clara, 2016 Simulate the functioning of the brain Can simulate actual neurons: Computational neuroscience Can introduce simplified neurons: Neural
More informationTarget Echo Information Extraction
Lecture 13 Target Echo Information Extraction 1 The relationships developed earlier between SNR, P d and P fa apply to a single pulse only. As a search radar scans past a target, it will remain in the
More informationCMOS Implementation of a Pulse-Coupled Neuron Cell
CMOS Implementation of a PulseCoupled Neuron Cell Bogdan M. ilamowski, Richard C. Jaeger, Mary Lou Padgett wilam@eng.auburn.edu jaeger@eng.auburn.edu mpadgett@eng.auburn.edu Department of Electrical Enginering
More informationHarmonic detection by using different artificial neural network topologies
Harmonic detection by using different artificial neural network topologies J.L. Flores Garrido y P. Salmerón Revuelta Department of Electrical Engineering E. P. S., Huelva University Ctra de Palos de la
More informationNOISE ESTIMATION IN A SINGLE CHANNEL
SPEECH ENHANCEMENT FOR CROSS-TALK INTERFERENCE by Levent M. Arslan and John H.L. Hansen Robust Speech Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Box 99 Duke University Durham, North Carolina
More informationAN IMPROVED NEURAL NETWORK-BASED DECODER SCHEME FOR SYSTEMATIC CONVOLUTIONAL CODE. A Thesis by. Andrew J. Zerngast
AN IMPROVED NEURAL NETWORK-BASED DECODER SCHEME FOR SYSTEMATIC CONVOLUTIONAL CODE A Thesis by Andrew J. Zerngast Bachelor of Science, Wichita State University, 2008 Submitted to the Department of Electrical
More informationBackground Pixel Classification for Motion Detection in Video Image Sequences
Background Pixel Classification for Motion Detection in Video Image Sequences P. Gil-Jiménez, S. Maldonado-Bascón, R. Gil-Pita, and H. Gómez-Moreno Dpto. de Teoría de la señal y Comunicaciones. Universidad
More informationA Neural Network Approach for the calculation of Resonant frequency of a circular microstrip antenna
A Neural Network Approach for the calculation of Resonant frequency of a circular microstrip antenna K. Kumar, Senior Lecturer, Dept. of ECE, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry e-mail: kumarpec95@yahoo.co.in
More informationNLMS Adaptive Digital Filter with a Variable Step Size for ICS (Interference Cancellation System) RF Repeater
, pp.25-34 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijeic.2013.4.5.03 NLMS Adaptive Digital Filter with a Variable Step Size for ICS (Interference Cancellation System) RF Repeater Jin-Yul Kim and Sung-Joon Park Dept.
More informationClassification of Voltage Sag Using Multi-resolution Analysis and Support Vector Machine
Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, Vol. 4, No. 3, May 2016 Classification of Voltage Sag Using Multi-resolution Analysis and Support Vector Machine Hanim Ismail, Zuhaina Zakaria, and Noraliza Hamzah
More informationDESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTIVE ECHO CANCELLER BASED LMS & NLMS ALGORITHM
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ADAPTIVE ECHO CANCELLER BASED LMS & NLMS ALGORITHM Sandip A. Zade 1, Prof. Sameena Zafar 2 1 Mtech student,department of EC Engg., Patel college of Science and Technology Bhopal(India)
More informationAnalog and Telecommunication Electronics
Politecnico di Torino ICT School Analog and Telecommunication Electronics A0 Course Introduction» Goals and contents» Course organization» Learning material» Reference system 15/03/2011-1 ATLCE - A0-2010
More informationNSMRL Report JULY 2001
Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory NSMRL Report 1221 02 JULY 2001 AN ALGORITHM FOR CALCULATING THE ESSENTIAL BANDWIDTH OF A DISCRETE SPECTRUM AND THE ESSENTIAL DURATION OF A DISCRETE TIME-SERIES
More informationFault Diagnosis of Analog Circuit Using DC Approach and Neural Networks
294 Fault Diagnosis of Analog Circuit Using DC Approach and Neural Networks Ajeet Kumar Singh 1, Ajay Kumar Yadav 2, Mayank Kumar 3 1 M.Tech, EC Department, Mewar University Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, INDIA
More informationDOPPLER PHENOMENON ON OFDM AND MC-CDMA SYSTEMS
DOPPLER PHENOMENON ON OFDM AND MC-CDMA SYSTEMS Dr.G.Srinivasarao Faculty of Information Technology Department, GITAM UNIVERSITY,VISAKHAPATNAM --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationCHAPTER 3 MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM BASED MPPT FOR STANDALONE PV SYSTEM
60 CHAPTER 3 MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM BASED MPPT FOR STANDALONE PV SYSTEM 3.1 INTRODUCTION Literature reports voluminous research to improve the PV power system efficiency through material development,
More informationAddressing the Challenges of Radar and EW System Design and Test using a Model-Based Platform
Addressing the Challenges of Radar and EW System Design and Test using a Model-Based Platform By Dingqing Lu, Agilent Technologies Radar systems have come a long way since their introduction in the Today
More informationKeysight Technologies Pulsed Antenna Measurements Using PNA Network Analyzers
Keysight Technologies Pulsed Antenna Measurements Using PNA Network Analyzers White Paper Abstract This paper presents advances in the instrumentation techniques that can be used for the measurement and
More informationOpen Access AOA and TDOA-Based a Novel Three Dimensional Location Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network
Send Orders for Reprints to reprints@benthamscience.ae The Open Automation and Control Systems Journal, 2015, 7, 1611-1615 1611 Open Access AOA and TDOA-Based a Novel Three Dimensional Location Algorithm
More informationAdvanced Digital Receiver
Advanced Digital Receiver MI-750 FEATURES Industry leading performance with up to 4 M samples per second 135 db dynamic range and -150 dbm sensitivity Optimized timing for shortest overall test time Wide
More informationExperimental Study on Super-resolution Techniques for High-speed UWB Radar Imaging of Human Bodies
PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 5, NO. 6, 29 596 Experimental Study on Super-resolution Techniques for High-speed UWB Radar Imaging of Human Bodies T. Sakamoto, H. Taki, and T. Sato Graduate School of Informatics,
More informationGSM Interference Cancellation For Forensic Audio
Application Report BACK April 2001 GSM Interference Cancellation For Forensic Audio Philip Harrison and Dr Boaz Rafaely (supervisor) Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (ISVR) University of Southampton,
More informationNeural Blind Separation for Electromagnetic Source Localization and Assessment
Neural Blind Separation for Electromagnetic Source Localization and Assessment L. Albini, P. Burrascano, E. Cardelli, A. Faba, S. Fiori Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Perugia Via G.
More informationChapter VII. MIXERS and DETECTORS
Class Notes, 31415 RF-Communication Circuits Chapter VII MIXERS and DETECTORS Jens Vidkjær NB235 ii Contents VII Mixers and Detectors... 1 VII-1 Mixer Basics... 2 A Prototype FET Mixer... 2 Example VII-1-1
More informationDesign Neural Network Controller for Mechatronic System
Design Neural Network Controller for Mechatronic System Ismail Algelli Sassi Ehtiwesh, and Mohamed Ali Elhaj Abstract The main goal of the study is to analyze all relevant properties of the electro hydraulic
More informationA Comparison of MLP, RNN and ESN in Determining Harmonic Contributions from Nonlinear Loads
A Comparison of MLP, RNN and ESN in Determining Harmonic Contributions from Nonlinear Loads Jing Dai, Pinjia Zhang, Joy Mazumdar, Ronald G Harley and G K Venayagamoorthy 3 School of Electrical and Computer
More informationDesign of Sectoral Horn Antenna with Low Side Lobe Level (S.L.L)
Volume 117 No. 9 2017, 89-93 ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu doi: 10.12732/ijpam.v117i9.16 ijpam.eu Design of Sectoral Horn Antenna with Low
More informationText Book: Simon Haykin & Michael Moher,
Qassim University College of Engineering Electrical Engineering Department Electronics and Communications Course: EE322 Digital Communications Prerequisite: EE320 Text Book: Simon Haykin & Michael Moher,
More information