Welcome Because the field of grounding is so broad, todays presentation is intended not to give you the keys to the gold mine, but to give you a
|
|
- Avis Maud Higgins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Welcome Because the field of grounding is so broad, todays presentation is intended not to give you the keys to the gold mine, but to give you a handful of nuggets to you to invest in. 1
2 Ladies and gentlemen, we will be crossing the floors here between the electrical and instrumentation installations. The reason for this is that the majority of noise in one division, is often caused by the practises, of the other. Grounding and noise is a very dry subject hence the short practical break to let our minds recover, as I whisk you on a rapid and broad tour of the electrical spectrum 2
3 Personnel and plant safety Safeguard against conductor voltage stress Path for currents allows installation and operation of protective devices Minimizes overheating 3
4 Power grounding (Functional) or earthing or bonding. The general principle is the EEBAD, earthed equipotential bonding and automatic disconnection. The aim is to produce a low impedance path for fault currents to pass through, so that fault currents may rise high enough and quick enough for protective devices such as breakers or fuse to operate- and reduce the risk of fire. One loose terminal, or corroded lug can increase the impedance, to a point where ignition of surrounding structures can occur. 4
5 Need I say more, grounding in its self is primarily there to protect against fires from electrical equipment or cables. Life safety is provided by GFCIs. I have personally seen Motor control centres, starters, and panel boards where faults have not cleared in a reasonable time, and have caused fires. Try not to laugh at the next slide 5
6 Note the lack of understanding shown here Unfortunately this isn t a faked photo. 6
7 This is a normal fault loop path. 7
8 What we have here is a very good example graphics of the Instrument or DC ground for a installation We have 2 grounds one insulated from the enclosures one not. We are creating 2 paths of current flow- one clean for instruments, one general purpose. Technically they are all bonds other than the main connection, but most people still call them grounds. Notice they both still go back to the same service connection. 8
9 High frequency currents mainly use the skin effect to pass through a conductor, hence the common use of braids for ground bonding for EMC compatible enclosures, VFD s and radio signals. A high frequency in control terms is recognised as being >10kz, this would most often be derived from electronics, both low power and high power. 9
10 Most of you might have seen the installation of a VFD on standard Teck cable. With the Teck bonded directly to the structure of the MCC. What most of you might not have realised is that this is producing noise into the local area, both conducted, and emitted. An installation I was tasked with commissioning had a very small VFD, 1/3 of a hp, it was considered too small to need proper mitigation practices. We soon found out that every time that dosing screw energised, the high level ultrasonic level switch in the hopper bin switched on- causing much consternation to all those commissioning, to the point where the electricians had a moment of levity, and put aluminium foil over their hardhats, just like the film, signs. People normally expect this vfd noise to occur at much higher levels of power- to the point where in Europe there are regulations concerning the installation of any VFD, greater than 7.5kW, which then require noise, and harmonic mitigation from the builder of the drive. The easiest installation method is actually to use cable systems that shield the noise- similar to an shielded analogue cable, hence the use of Drive RX cable amongst others, which include copper shielding in the construction. 10
11 However this cable must be properly installed, it should pass through the mcc shell and be grounded directly on to the chassis of the drive, and not connected to the motor end- to avoid a ground loop. Functional safety bonding of the motor should be by a separate external bonding conductor. It should not be within the cable. 10
12 Some examples of Shielded VFD cable, there are others. 11
13 Manufacturers own technical literature recommend this practice, but its rarely followed. I have found ABB drive literature to be the best shown examples of the practice. I have found their methods do work. Filters should be applied to the input and output of the drive, to reduce the complex waveform which travels both upstream and down stream from the VFD. Insulated Bearing should be specified at initial selection, only a small adder then. Other methods of bonding only provide marginal increments of noise reduction. Following this all this avoids a major root cause of instrumentation noise, and hence increased project costs caused by delays. 12
14 Another reason its important, is that the complex wave form of noise, can interfere, with the switching of signals from powerline carrier communications devices. 12
15 This is the electrode formed around the structure, that is designed to intercept the lightning strike and divert it to the earth, to minimise physical damage from the strike. 13
16 What we have to remember is that a Lightning strike passes like a massive wave over the electrical network. Really its like a tidal wave, with combined effects which are all hazards in them selves. At each place on the network the potential will be different, and even around the network in the physical structure there will be voltage present. This is where a number of different hazards all come into play at the same time, with the following Touch potential-the obvious potential risk. Step potential- where the position of your feet and and resistance of your footwear can have a potential difference, which produces enough voltage to 14
17 be hazardous. Farmers are the aware of the impacts of the step potential, with livestock being particularly sensitive to the effect. 14
18 This is where critical equipment is protected from the voltage surge in the region of the lightning strike. Often by means of isolation transformers, filters, surge protectors.. Four our purposes tonight, one of the big ones we have to consider is communication equipment. Particularly the effect on radio, and telephone systems. One thing we must consider is that lightning is made up of 2 conditions- ionisation, and the actual discharge- the strike. There are many examples of radio equipment being damaged, as the combination of antenna, and high frequency signals, predispose the ionisation of the localized atmosphere, which triggers the lighting strike. 15
19 Lightning protection appears to cause problems for a number of people. Its purpose is to divert the energy of the lightning strike, around the structure via a low impedance path, to the general mass of ground. There are many areas where a lack of understanding of the elements can cause issues. One site I recently came across, was a first responders repeater radio, which consisted of 3 distinct element, the main antenna line of site with base station, the main target for any lightning strike. The driver electronics, The heart of the system, with frequency hopping high frequency components. And the repeater antenna. This repeater was longditudinal down a 620m tunnel Here the issue was that the electricians confused the grounding for the electronics element, with the grounding for the main antenna. They were complaining about needing to get the 2/0 ground from the grid down the 35mm conduit feed the power to the drivers, which only needed a 16
20 #6, without looking at the drawings properly, which indicated the 2/0, which connected the antenna to the ground grid directly, without passing through the control building. 16
21 Surge arresters There are many to choose from, these form are often formed from banks of Metal Oxide Varistors, forming the equivalent of a diode, which breaks down under high voltage, and diver t the dangerous voltages away from the equipment. These should be applied to signals where they enter and leave building. To minimise strike impacts. Be aware through that surge arresters do have a finite life, of stress events, which should be checked. Depending on the level of integrity required the status of these devices can be monitored, by the control system. Personally I recommend maximising the use of di electric free or metal free fibre, for communications, as this avoids the risk of interference. 17
22 Wake up 18
23 I would like to assume the person is holding a test instrument and is happy with the result, but I guess they may be praying to the electrical gods. I offer a beer to the first person, who can find the word TEST in section 10-Grounding of the CEC. It s a safe bet- its not there. 19
24 NFPA & IEEE recommend 5 ohms or less. Telecoms 5 ohms or less. Fall of potential requires disconnection. Selective measurements no disconnection. 20
25 Loop test is performed live. Measures resistance of the total supply and ground. Through transformer, supply cables, grounding, transformer XO connection. 4 sites measured; using FLUKE 1651B. 3 sites from 4 have grounding / bonding problems. 21
26 The standard 4-20mA analogue signal is considered fairly noise free, provided a few simple rules are followed, only bonding the shield at one end, so that circulating noise currents are avoided. Also keep away from high power elements such as motor cables- lets refer back to the VFD cables. Co axial cable can be used, however Its expensive. Its also not very common- more an aircraft use. A very common solution to noise is the use of twisted pair cabling, which reacts like a balanced spinning top, and rejects imposed noise, returning to its happy place all the time. 22
27 Here we have a Hart signal super imposed over an analogue signal The Hart signal is the main item sensitive to noise, as it s a modulated waveform imposed on the carrier analogue signal. 23
28 The main reason for low impedance bonding is that the differences between terminations can create a voltage difference on the cable, which in turn creates circulating currents, which can add or subtract from the sample signals values. This is of particular concern in the analogue to digital conversion circuits. The image on the left is an analogue instrument that s been grounded at both ends of the shield. The image on the right is an alternative to just one grounded connection on the shield, is to isolate it, models of isolator can also be used to split the signal for redistribution to telemetry systems say. 24
29 These are instruments that we find every where. 25
30 Magflo style flowmeters are sensitive to noise, in a couple of ways. They insert an RF into the flow, and measure the signal downstream. On many installs they require grounding rings, such as those on the right, to provide a noise free location, in which to provide the RF signal. Refer to manufacturers info for their recommendations, particularly if there is cathodic protection, as isolating power supply s may be required. 26
31 The common fieldbuses such as Modbus RTU, Foundation Fieldbus, Device Net, and Profibus, all work from common reference voltages, hence the best practice installations have separate bonding conductors as well to provide reference. This is due to the comparatively high speed of these networks, and to maintain the required square wave forms. The most common is to make sure that the shields are connected together, then bonded at one place only. 27
32 Here we show a selection of the different cable types for some of the 385 odd industrial fieldbuses. Clockwise from the top right we have --Foundation Fieldbus. Profibus, Ethernet, DeviceNet. DC Reference (or instrument )grounding A low impedance ground generally in the region of 1-3ohm between the ground grid, and the ground rails. It is connected to the ground grid (there is by code only one ground point- that s at the source of the supply, all other points are deemed to be bonds). This is often a number of insulated bonding rails within a control panel to which all the signal and communication cables are bonded. Best practice is to use Fibre Optics where possible- although with FF cables this cant be done. Most common use of fibre is IT. 28
33 Diagnosis of fault on these networks does require more technical knowledge, and special equipment. One of the best tools here is an oscilloscope. As can be seen from the pictures, a certain amount of noise can be seen. There are often surge arresters built in to the communication adapter cards of instruments, it has been known that these can cause network communication failures 29
34 DCS manufacturers such as Emersons Delta V have a very good resource. Shield your noisy cables, and filter the harmonics, filter with signal isolators. Use fibre on networks where possible- also aids future protocol migration. Connect the grounds where required. Single end to avoid ground loops. Test it. Test it, and Test it. 30
35 31
36 32
Earthing for EMC in Installations
Earthing for EMC in Installations Ian McMichael n 1 PQSynergy 2010 Conference Earthing for EMC in Installations Introduction Electromagnetic Compatibility or EMC EMC and installations Standards and References
More informationThe Problem of Interference
The Problem of Interference Unfortunately not everything is resolved just because we have succeeded in finding the right transmission methods and the right interface. The largest irritant to data communications
More informationECE 528 Understanding Power Quality
ECE 528 Understanding Power Quality http://www.ece.uidaho.edu/ee/power/ece528/ Paul Ortmann portmann@uidaho.edu 208-316-1520 (voice) 1 Today Wiring and grounding Why it s important References Terms and
More informationGROUNDING. What is it? Al Lewey K7ABL. Disclaimer
GROUNDING What is it? Al Lewey K7ABL Disclaimer Disclamier Mechanical Engineer with some electrical background My primary reference is References UP THE TOWER The Complete Guide to Tower Construction By
More informationOverview of Grounding for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Presented By Robert Schuerger, P.E.
Overview of Grounding for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Presented By Robert Schuerger, P.E. HP Critical Facility Services delivered by EYP MCF What is VOLTAGE? Difference of Electric Potential
More information6. Internal lightning protection
6. Internal lightning protection 6.1 Equipotential bonding for metal installations Equipotential bonding according to IEC 60364-4- 41 and IEC 60364-5-54 Equipotential bonding is required for all newly
More informationGrounding Recommendations for On Site Power Systems
Grounding Recommendations for On Site Power Systems Revised: February 23, 2017 2017 Cummins All Rights Reserved Course Objectives Participants will be able to: Explain grounding best practices and code
More informationControl Cable installation: Best Practice
Control Cable installation: Best Practice Years of experience has taught Irri-Gator Product s technical personnel that it is virtually impossible to predict an installation s sensitivity to surges (whether
More informationGROUNDED ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION. Excerpt from Inverter Charger Series Manual BY: VIJAY SHARMA ENGINEER
GROUNDED ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION Excerpt from Inverter Charger Series Manual BY: VIJAY SHARMA ENGINEER .0 Conductors for Electrical Power Distribution For single-phase transmission of AC power or
More informationPower Quality Solutions
Power Quality Solutions What is Power Quality? For electrical systems to function in their intended manner without significant loss of performance or life, they require a supply of electricity that is
More informationDevice Interconnection
Device Interconnection An important, if less than glamorous, aspect of audio signal handling is the connection of one device to another. Of course, a primary concern is the matching of signal levels and
More informationSAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARD ELECTRICAL GROUNDING Effective Date: 07/17/10 Standard: Document Number: KUCSH0039 Rev: 4
SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARD ELECTRICAL GROUNDING Effective Date: 07/17/10 Standard: 16.10 Document Number: KUCSH0039 Rev: 4 16.10.1 INTRODUCTION 16.10.1.1 The intent of this standard is to ensure that continuity
More informationEffective Harmonic Mitigation with Active Filters
Advancing Power Quality White Paper Effective Harmonic Mitigation with Active Filters Written by: Ian Wallace Variable Speed Drive with no Harmonic Mitigation Industry standard variable speed drives, with
More information3.7 Grounding Design for EAST Superconducting Tokamak
3.7 Design for EAST Superconducting Tokamak LIU Zhengzhi 3.7.1 Introduction system is a relevant part of the layout of Tokamak. It is important and indispensable for the system reliability and safety on
More informationDrives 101 Lesson 5. Power Input Terminology for a VFD
Drives 101 Lesson 5 Power Input Terminology for a VFD This lesson covers the terminology associated with the incoming power to a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) and the efforts to protect both the VFD and
More informationBest Practices for Power and Transient Protection on Rosemount Radar Transmitters
Technical Note Rosemount Radar Transmitters Best Practices for Power and Transient Protection on Rosemount Radar Transmitters BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION This document describes best practices for power and
More informationGrounding for Power Quality
Presents Grounding for Power Quality Grounding for Power Quality NEC 250.53 states that ground resistance should be less than 25 ohms. Is this true? Grounding for Power Quality No! NEC 250.53 states
More informationA statistical survey of common-mode noise
A statistical survey of common-mode noise By Jerry Gaboian Characterization Engineer, High Performance Linear Department Introduction In today s high-tech world, one does not have to look very far to find
More informationWHY YOU NEED A CURRENT BALUN
HF OPERATORS WHY YOU NEED A CURRENT BALUN by John White VA7JW NSARC HF Operators 1 What is a Balun? A BALUN is a device typically inserted at the feed point of a dipole-like antenna wire dipoles, Yagi
More informationPRACTICAL PROBLEMS WITH SUBSTATION EARTHING
1 PRACTICAL PROBLEMS WITH SUBSTATION EARTHING Dr Hendri Geldenhuys Craig Clark Eskom Distribution Technology This paper considers the issues around substation sites where the soil resistivity is of particularly
More informationSafety Issues Caused by High Earth Resistance and Identifying Them Using Instruments
Safety Issues Caused by High Earth Resistance and Identifying Them Using Instruments Thomas Szollossy Senior Technical Support Engineer Power Quality Thailand PQSynergy 2017, Chiang Mai, Thailand Introduction
More informationET 40 - Electrician Theory Examination Marking Schedule
ET 40 - Electrician Theory Examination Marking Schedule Notes:1. means that the preceding statement/answer earns 1 mark. 2. This schedule sets out the accepted answers to the examination questions. A marker
More informationExternal Drive Hardware
US1086e_External Drive Hardware, 08/2010 External Drive Hardware Selection and Application Answers Answers to external hardware questions A soup to nuts list of questions with installation / application
More informationEducation & Training
Distribution System Operator Certificate This program provides you with a proficient working knowledge in modern electric power distribution systems. These four classes are designed to walk students through
More informationVariable Frequency Drive Noise Reduction, Version 2.1
Variable Frequency Drive Noise Reduction, Version 2.1 By R. G. Sparber Protected by Creative Commons. 1 Conclusion My Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) plus its spindle motor generated enough noise to destabilize
More informationABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION
ELECTROMAGNETIC ANALYSIS OF WIND TURBINE GROUNDING SYSTEMS Maria Lorentzou*, Ian Cotton**, Nikos Hatziargyriou*, Nick Jenkins** * National Technical University of Athens, 42 Patission Street, 1682 Athens,
More informationIndustrial and Commercial Power Systems Topic 7 EARTHING
The University of New South Wales School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Topic 7 EARTHING 1 INTRODUCTION Advantages of earthing (grounding): Limitation
More informationTech Talk (12) Down to Earth: A Discussion of the General Requirements for the Earthing of Control and Instrumentation Systems
701880MAC0010.1177/0020294017701880 research-article2017 Contributed Paper Tech Talk (12) Down to Earth: A Discussion of the General Requirements for the Earthing of Control and Instrumentation Systems
More informationGrounding and Bonding
Grounding and Bonding 2017 Communications Academy Joe Blaschka Jr., PE Grounding/Bonding What is it? Why do we do it? What does the National Electrical Code say? What about fixed locations? What about
More information7 o/c4 - To meet the requirements of BS 7671, all fault current protective devices without back-up protection on the supply side must be capable of:
1 PAPER 5 Sample Questions A- C&G 2382 17th Edition Paper A 1 o/c1 BS 7671 does not apply to a equipment of aircraft b photovoltaic systems c marinas d fairgrounds. 2 o/c1 Where protection for persons
More informationDrives 101 Lesson 3. Parts of a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD)
Drives 101 Lesson 3 Parts of a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) This lesson covers the parts that make up the Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) and describes the basic operation of each part. Here is the basics
More informationHigh Frequency SineWave Guardian TM Filter
High Frequency SineWave Guardian TM Filter 380V 480V TECHNICAL REFERENCE MANUAL WARNING High Voltage! Only a qualified electrician can carry out the electrical installation of this filter. Quick Reference
More informationIndustrial Electrician Level 3
Industrial Electrician Level 3 Industrial Electrician Unit: C1 Industrial Electrical Code I Level: Three Duration: 77 hours Theory: Practical: 77 hours 0 hours Overview: This unit is designed to provide
More informationWisconsin Contractors Institute Continuing Education
IMPORTANT NOTE: You should have received an email from us with a link and password to take your final exam online. Please check your email for this link. Be sure to check your spam folder as well. If you
More informationOverview of the ATLAS Electromagnetic Compatibility Policy
Overview of the ATLAS Electromagnetic Compatibility Policy G. Blanchot CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland Georges.Blanchot@cern.ch Abstract The electromagnetic compatibility of ATLAS electronic equipments
More informationHigh Technology Control
High Technology Control Michael Linden ABB National Drives Manager for High Technology Control Pty Ltd High Technology Control Variable Frequency Drives Variable Voltage Variable Frequency Drives Variable
More informationEMC filters. Mounting instructions. Date: January 2006
Date: January 2006 EPCOS AG 2006. Reproduction, publication and dissemination of this data sheet and the information contained therein without EPCOS prior express consent is prohibited. EMC cannot be assured
More information7P Series - Surge Protection Device (SPD) Features 7P P P
Features 7P.09.1.255.0100 7P.01.8.260.1025 7P.02.8.260.1025 SPD Type 1+2 Surge arrester range - single phase system / three phase system Surge arresters suitable in low-voltage applications in order to
More informationVariable Frequency Drives Motor Bearing Failure Mitigation
Variable Frequency Drives Motor Bearing Failure Mitigation Background Throughout the Commonwealth Campus various motors are controlled by VFDs and the University is seeing a rapid and high failure rate
More informationImplement lightning survivability in the design of launch vehicles to avoid lightning induced failures.
PREFERRED RELIABILITY PRACTICES PRACTICE NO. PD-ED-1231 PAGE 1OF 7 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR LIGHTNING STRIKE Practice: Implement lightning survivability in the design of launch vehicles to avoid lightning
More informationTower Grounding Training For Telecommunications Networks
Tower Grounding Training For Telecommunications Networks Contact us Today for a FREE quotation to deliver this course at your company?s location. https://www.electricityforum.com/onsite-training-rfq The
More informationSpark Gap Surge Protectors For Lv Mains
Spark Gap Surge Protectors For Lv Mains By Phillip Tompson BE(Hons) FIE(Aust) CPEng MIEE Managing Director Introduction In the last year or so spark gap surge protectors have appeared in the Australian
More informationPhoenix DX Clean Power (18 Pulse) AC Drive
PHOENIX DX Phoenix DX Clean Power (18 Pulse) AC Drive Poor power quality can be costly. Nonlinear loads, including AC Drives, introduce undesirable harmonic currents into the power system that can damage
More informationLightning Strikes. Presented to the Greater Norwalk Amateur Radio Corporation Inc. February 8, 2017 Steven M. Simons W1SMS
Lightning Strikes Presented to the Greater Norwalk Amateur Radio Corporation Inc. February 8, 2017 Steven M. Simons W1SMS ARRL CT State Technical Coordinator The Power of Lightning What is a Ground? Design
More informationElectrical Measurement Safety. Sponsored By:
Electrical Measurement Safety Sponsored By: About the Viewer Panel Slides: Go to the Links tab at the top and click on the link to download the PDF of the slides If you re watching the archive version,
More informationOutdoor Installation 2: Lightning Protection and Grounding
Outdoor Installation 2: Lightning Protection and Grounding Training materials for wireless trainers This one hour talk covers lightning protection, grounding techniques and problems, and electrolytic incompatibility.
More informationWhite Paper: Electrical Ground Rules
Acromag, Incorporated 30765 S Wixom Rd, Wixom, MI 48393 USA Tel: 248-295-0880 Fax: 248-624-9234 www.acromag.com White Paper: Electrical Ground Rules Best Practices for Grounding Your Electrical Equipment
More informationTechnical Requirements for Resistibility of Telecommunications Equipment to. Overvoltage and Overcurrent
Technical Requirements for Resistibility of Telecommunications Equipment to Overvoltage and Overcurrent TR NO.189001 Edition 3 1st, April, 2018 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation Notice This document
More informationThe Variable Threshold Neutral Isolator (VTNI)
The Variable Threshold Isolator (VTNI) Installation Instructions INTRODUCTION The is designed specifically for installation between the primary neutral of a power utility distribution system and the secondary
More informationPrecautions in Using the product:
DP Series ISTRUCTIO MAUA 6. Avoid penetration of metal chips when processing mounting holes. 7. Avoid places where the products is subjected to penetration of liquid, foreign substance, or corrosive gas.
More informationCapstone Turbine Corporation Nordhoff Street Chatsworth CA USA Phone: (818) Fax: (818) Web:
Phone: (818) 734-5300 Fax: (818) 734-5320 Web: www.capstoneturbine.com Technical Reference Capstone MicroTurbine Electrical Installation 410009 Rev F (October 2013) Page 1 of 31 Capstone Turbine Corporation
More informationTechnical Requirements for Resistibility of Telecommunications Equipment to. Overvoltage and Overcurrent
Technical Requirements for Resistibility of Telecommunications Equipment to Overvoltage and Overcurrent TR NO.189001 Edition 2.1 1st, April, 2015 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation Notice This
More informationHigh Frequency Sinewave Guardian TM Filter
High Frequency Sinewave Guardian TM Filter 380V 480V TECHNICAL REFERENCE MANUAL FORM: SHF-TRM-E REL. April 2015 REV. 001 2015 MTE Corporation Caution Prior to start up; confirm the drive operation mode
More informationSolution of EMI Problems from Operation of Variable-Frequency Drives
Pacific Gas and Electric Company Solution of EMI Problems from Operation of Variable-Frequency Drives Background Abrupt voltage transitions on the output terminals of a variable-frequency drive (VFD) are
More informationCHAPTER 6 EMI EMC MEASUREMENTS AND STANDARDS FOR TRACKED VEHICLES (MIL APPLICATION)
147 CHAPTER 6 EMI EMC MEASUREMENTS AND STANDARDS FOR TRACKED VEHICLES (MIL APPLICATION) 6.1 INTRODUCTION The electrical and electronic devices, circuits and systems are capable of emitting the electromagnetic
More informationELEC Transmission i and
ELEC-1104 Lecture 5: Transmission i and Distribution ib ti Power System Layout Transmission and Distribution The transmission system is to transmit a large amount of energy from the power stations s to
More informationTechnical White Paper
Technical White Paper Increased Reports of Bearing Damage in AC Motors Operating from Modern PWM VFD's Repair shops and motor manufacturers are seeing an increased number of instances where bearings and
More informationEMI Installation Guidelines
EMI Installation Guidelines Although Red Lion Controls Products are designed with a high degree of immunity to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), proper installation and wiring methods must be followed
More informationAC Motor Drives EMC Standard Installation Guide EMC Compliance Practice
http://www.delta.com.tw/industrialautomation/ AC Motor Drives EMC Standard Installation Guide EMC Compliance Practice i Preface When an AC motor drive is installed in a noisy environment, radiated and/or
More informationThe Multi-Technology Approach to Motor Diagnostics
The Multi-Technology Approach to Motor Diagnostics Howard W. Penrose, Ph.D. For: ALL-TEST Pro Old Saybrook, CT Introduction There has been a persistent misconception that there is a magic bullet, in the
More informationLecture 36 Measurements of High Voltages (cont) (Refer Slide Time: 00:14)
Advances in UHV Transmission and Distribution Prof. B Subba Reddy Department of High Voltage Engg (Electrical Engineering) Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Lecture 36 Measurements of High Voltages
More informationRADIO AND TELEVISION SATELLITE EQUIPMENT
ARTICLE 810 RADIO AND TELEVISION SATELLITE EQUIPMENT Introduction to Article 810 Radio and Television Satellite Equipment This article covers transmitter and receiver (antenna) equipment and the wiring
More informationGrounding Complications
Grounding Complications Sensitive Equipment Isolated grounding Supplemental grounds Sensitive Electronic Equipment NEC 647 [2002-2005] Originally intended for audio studios -- now Industrial/commercial
More information25kV A.C. Electrified Lines - Traction Bonding
Date:MAR 94 25kV A.C. Electrified Lines - Traction Page 1 of 6 Part A Synopsis This is issued by the to define the Boards requirements for continuity bonding on railway systems. This will ensure a continuous
More informationCHAPTER 3 WIRING DANGER
CHAPTER WIRING DANGER Hazardous Voltage Before accessing the AC drive: Disconnect all power to the AC drive. Wait five minutes for DC bus capacitors discharge. Any electrical or mechanical modification
More informationInstallation and Operational Instructions for ROBA -switch Type 017._00.2
Manufacturer s Declaration This product is intended for installation in a machine or system, based on the machine directive 2006/42/EC. It is forbidden to start use of the product until the machine or
More informationUse optocouplers for safe and reliable electrical systems
1 di 5 04/01/2013 10.15 Use optocouplers for safe and reliable electrical systems Harold Tisbe, Avago Technologies Inc. 1/2/2013 9:06 AM EST Although there are multiple technologies--capacitive, magnetic,
More informationIn this section of my blog, I will be discussing different transmission methods and why those particular methods are used in particular situations:
In this section of my blog, I will be discussing different transmission methods and why those particular methods are used in particular situations: Transmission Methods are a variety of different methods
More informationOptions to Improve the MEN System into the 21 st Century
Options to Improve the MEN System into the 21 st Century Chris Halliday Electrical Consulting and Training Pty Ltd, Gladstone NSW, Australia. Email: chris@elect.com.au Web: www.elect.com.au Abstract Network
More informationHands-On Noise Mitigation Transmission, Bonding, Grounding & Inductive Interference
Hands-On Transmission, Bonding, Grounding & Inductive Interference BICSI CECs This course has been approved for CEC credits by BICSI. Please read below for a breakdown of the credits that we offer for
More informationA DUMMIES GUIDE TO GROUND FAULT PROTECTION
A DUMMIES GUIDE TO GROUND FAULT PROTECTION A DUMMIES GUIDE TO GROUND FAULT PROTECTION What is Grounding? The term grounding is commonly used in the electrical industry to mean both equipment grounding
More information2 Grounding of power supply system neutral
2 Grounding of power supply system neutral 2.1 Introduction As we had seen in the previous chapter, grounding of supply system neutral fulfills two important functions. 1. It provides a reference for the
More informationMeasuring Reflected Voltage Spikes in VFD Motor Applications
Keywords: VFD, ASD, impedance mismatch, high frequency, reflected voltage, spikes, over voltage, ringing, cable length, inverter rated motor, turn to turn voltage, electric motor testing, oscilloscope,
More informationPower Quality. Case Study. Conrad Bottu Laborelec January 2008
Case Study Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) study Breakdown of low voltage electronic equipment in a 25 kv substation Conrad Bottu Laborelec January 2008 Power Quality Power Quality 1 Introduction Description
More informationFTTH ENGINEERING AND INSTALLATION INTRODUCTION
1 FTTH ENGINEERING AND INSTALLATION INTRODUCTION GROUNDING FTTH SYSTEMS AT THE HOME. By Dean Mischke, P.E., V.P. Grounding and bonding. Why are we worried about such an old school concept in the modern
More informationACS 1000 Transformer Failure Investigation. Nathan Schachter, Peng
Investigation Nathan Schachter, Peng Objectives Learn what happened Explain why it happened Discuss solutions Suggest remedies so it does not happen again Prevention is the key to success 2 ACS 1000 VFD
More informationData Isolation Cards. 2-Wire HDSL/56KBS Isolation Card P Wire HDSL/56KBS Isolation Card P30050
Data Isolation Cards 2-Wire HDSL/56KBS Isolation Card P30076 4-Wire HDSL/56KBS Isolation Card P30050 Printed in USA 12/11 T0331 Rev. A Table of Contents Page 1.0 SCOPE 2 2.0 PRODUCT OVERVIEW 2 2.1 System
More informationUnit WorkBook 1 Level 4 ENG U31: Electrical Systems and Fault Finding 2018 UniCourse Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Sample
Pearson BTEC Levels 4 Higher Nationals in Engineering (RQF) Unit 31: Electrical Systems and Fault Finding Unit Workbook 1 in a series of 4 for this unit Learning Outcome 1 Electrical Distribution Systems
More informationC&G Level 3 Award in the Periodic Inspection, Testing and Certification of Electrical Installations
C&G 2395-01 Level 3 Award in the Periodic Inspection, Testing and Certification of Electrical Installations Phase rotation and verification of voltage drop 1 Outcomes of this Session describe how to assess
More informationEDS LV SUPPLIES TO MOBILE PHONE BASE STATIONS MOUNTED ON TRANSMISSION TOWERS
ENGINEERING DESIGN STANDARD EDS 08-2109 LV SUPPLIES TO MOBILE PHONE BASE STATIONS MOUNTED ON TRANSMISSION TOWERS Network(s): Summary: EPN, LPN, SPN This standard provides guidance on the installation of
More informationHigh Voltage Pylon earth Measurements. Tycom (Pty) Ltd Frank Barnes Comtest (Pty) Ltd Presented by Gavin van Rooy
High Voltage Pylon earth Measurements Tycom (Pty) Ltd Frank Barnes Comtest (Pty) Ltd Presented by Gavin van Rooy Abstract The earth connection of high voltage electrical power line pylons is obviously
More information1. Introduction to Power Quality
1.1. Define the term Quality A Standard IEEE1100 defines power quality (PQ) as the concept of powering and grounding sensitive electronic equipment in a manner suitable for the equipment. A simpler and
More informationApplication Note # 5438
Application Note # 5438 Electrical Noise in Motion Control Circuits 1. Origins of Electrical Noise Electrical noise appears in an electrical circuit through one of four routes: a. Impedance (Ground Loop)
More informationElectrical Wiring: Commercial, Seventh Canadian Edition
Electrical Wiring Commercial Canadian 7th Edition Mullin SOLUTIONS MANUAL Full download at: https://testbankreal.com/download/electrical-wiring-commercialcanadian-7th-edition-mullin-solutions-manual/ Unit
More informationChapter 3 G rounding Grounding Electromagnetic Compatibility Compatibility Engineering by Henry W Ott.
Chapter 3 Grounding Electromagnetic Compatibility Engineering by Henry W. Ott Introduction Grounding is one of the primary ways of minimizing unwanted noise and of producing a safe system. A good ground
More informationTN, TT & IT Earthing Arrangements
TN, TT & IT Earthing Arrangements In IT and TN-C networks, residual current devices are far less likely to detect an insulation fault. In a TN-C system, they would also be very vulnerable to unwanted triggering
More informationTroubleshooting accelerometer installations
Troubleshooting accelerometer installations Accelerometer based monitoring systems can be tested to verify proper installation and operation. Testing ensures data integrity and can identify most commonly
More informationHarmonic Filters for Single Phase Equipment
POWER QUALITY Harmonic Filters for Single Phase Equipment Agriculture Call Centers Casino Slot Machines Computer Centers Distributed Generation Electronic Power Converter Oil & Gas On-Line UPS Power Electronics
More informationKOLLMORGEN. Motion Technologies Group. EMC Installation and Application Guidelines for BDS4/5 Goldline Series MB4000H Issue 3
KOLLMORGEN Motion Technologies Group EMC Installation and Application Guidelines for BDS4/5 Goldline Series MB4000H Issue 3 CONTENTS DOCUMENT HISTORY 1 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 2 2.
More informationEMC Data Sheet CSD100 Model size 4 to 6. Variable Speed AC drive for permanent magnet motors
EMC Data Sheet CSD100 Model size 4 to 6 Variable Speed AC drive for permanent magnet motors Safety Warnings A Warning contains information which is essential for avoiding a safety hazard. A Caution contains
More informationSurge Protection and Grounding Issues
Surge Protection and Grounding Issues Presented to SCTE Chicago Chapter January 21, 2004 By: Nisar Chaudhry VP Electrical Engineering, CTO Introduction Transients caused by disturbances on the power lines
More informationEquipment Rack Grounding. Technical Note
Equipment Rack Grounding Technical Note Equipment Rack Grounding Surge Protection Solutions for PTC 1 Equipment Rack Grounding Equipment racks and cabinets can provide an unwanted path for lightning surge
More informationOPERATING INSTRUCTIONS AND SYSTEM DESCRIPTION FOR THE. ISO-STIM 01D STIMULUS ISOLATION UNIT ±100 V / ±10 ma, bipolar output
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS AND SYSTEM DESCRIPTION FOR THE ISO-STIM 01D STIMULUS ISOLATION UNIT ±100 V / ±10 ma, bipolar output VERSION 4.0 npi 2014 npi electronic GmbH, Bauhofring 16, D-71732 Tamm, Germany
More informationMesh Bonded vs Isolated Bonded Earthing Network for Indoor Grounding
Mesh Bonded vs Isolated Bonded Earthing Network for Indoor Grounding Rohit Narayan Global Telecom, ERICO PENTAIR Melbourne, Australia Rohit.narayan@pentair.com Mesh Bonded vs Isolated Bonded Earthing Network
More informationEconomical Solutions to Meet Harmonic Distortion Limits[4]
Economical Solutions to Meet Harmonic Distortion Limits[4] Abstract: The widespread adoption of variable frequency drive technology is allowing electricity to be utilized more efficiently throughout most
More informationV1.3. TBLC08 50mH AC-LISN TBLC08
V1.3 TBLC08 The TBLC08 is a Line Impedance Stabilization Network for the measurement of line-conducted interference within the range of 9kHz to 30MHz, according to the CISPR16 standard. The device is designed
More informationVSD cables in. Working with. industrial & automation applications
Cable Efficiency in Automation Connectivity Cabinet Control Working with VSD cables in industrial & automation applications Description of a VSD System A functional VSD system consists of at least three
More informationDISCRETE INPUT MODULE, 16 points
INSTRUCTION MANUAL DISCRETE INPUT MODULE, points (Modbus) RM-DA MODEL RM-DA BEFORE USE... Thank you for choosing M-System. Before use, please check contents of the package you received as outlined below.
More informationA PQ Case Study CS 36 HOSP 14. A Case Study OF Harmonics Mitigation in a Hospital and its Benefits
CS 36 HOSP 14 36 Abstract A leading hospital in southern India faced chronic problems in terms of humming noise in capacitor bank, its failure, high temperature in transformer, and disturbances on the
More informationSPECIAL SPECIFICATION 6004 Digital Card Rack Inductive Loop Detector Assembly
2004 Specifications SPECIAL SPECIFICATION 6004 Digital Card Rack Inductive Loop Detector Assembly 1. Description. Furnish and install a digital card rack inductive loop detector assemblies. 2. Materials.
More information