The role of the Global AOC - influencing and shaping Electronic Warfare for the Future

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1 The role of the Global AOC - influencing and shaping Electronic Warfare for the Future Dr. Sue Robertson AOC International Region 1 Director sue@gpl.co.uk crows.org 1

2 Association of Old Crows (AOC) AOC has been in existence for more than 50 years There are over 13,000 members in 19 countries Nearly 20% of members are outside continental USA and Canada There are 18 international chapters Two international regions: International Region 1 International Region 2 France Germany India Israel Norway Saudi Arabia South Africa Sweden Switzerland UK Australia Brazil Japan New Zealand Republic of Korea Singapore Taiwan crows.org 2

3 AOC Strategy Education to build a wider understanding of EMSO throughout the Defence community Advocacy to inform decision-makers in government about EMSO priorities so that appropriate programmes can be set up and resourced Communication better communication with our members will begin with a new web-site to be launched soon New Initiative to encourage young members to join the AOC as more than 50% of members are aged 50 or over. Young Members aged from 17 to 25 are now offered free 3 year membership New Membership for Over-26 year-old is US $25. crows.org 3

4 AOC Stem Program 3rd Annual STEM Outreach Program November 28-November 29, 2017 DC Convention Center The AOC recognizes the importance of educating students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) using an interdisciplinary and applied approach. The AOC will host a STEM Program in conjunction with the 54th Annual AOC International Symposium and Convention. This program will focus on students interested in potential STEM careers. Students will learn about the basic concepts Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum (e.g. waveforms, amplitude, frequency, transmitters, receivers, antennas and more), the physics of radio and RADAR transmissions, and the concepts behind Cyber vulnerabilities and Cyber security through a series of interactive booths featuring technologies, equipment and platforms utilized today and planned for the future. crows.org 4

5 AOC Annual Symposium 54th Annual AOC International Symposium and Convention November 28-30, 2017 Marriott Marquis DC and Convention Center, Washington, DC Innovation and Change in Electromagnetic Warfare The electromagnetic environment is changing at an increasing pace, and thus the importance of electronic warfare (EW) system adaptability, flexibility, and innovation has also increased. Not only are innovative technologies greatly needed, but the Industry and EW Community itself needs to change organizationally to embrace innovative ideas, technologies, and tactics - and at a significantly faster pace. Innovation is more than just technology refresh, it is also culture refresh. The 54th Annual AOC International Symposium and Convention will focus specifically on these ideas and provide Industry, Government, and Militaries a world-class forum to address how we should change and innovate as an EW community. crows.org 5

6 Courses AOC Education Courses Electronic Intelligence Principles and Practice Kyle Davidson, On-line Course Electronic warfare in the New Threat Environment Dave Adamy, February 05, 2018 until February 28, 2018 Free Live Webinars Space EW January 11 th, :00 until 15:00 EST by Dave Adamy Free On-Demand Webinars Demonstrating Radar and EW Without Breaking the Bank Dr. Warren du Plessis Compact Hybrid RF Architecture for SIGINT Applications Mark Reinhard Smart Antennas Dr. Frank B. Gross crows.org 6

7 AOC Identified Trends/Recommendation in Electro-Magnetic Spectrum Operations (EMSO) AESA Radars A New Generation of Threats Airborne Jammer and AEA Aircraft, Growler Next Generation Jammer F-35 Lightning II COMINT and Compass Call Unmanned EMSO Vehicles Pod-mounted ECM Defensive Electronic Attack and Directed Energy Weapons crows.org 7

8 AESA Radars A New Generation of Threats Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radars are a new generation of radars capable of multimode operation allowing them to monitor the environment on a continuous basis. The AESA radar antenna does not move but consists of a matrix of small, solid state transmit/receive modules (TRM). Each TRM is capable of generating and radiating its own independent signal, allowing the AESA to produce radar pulses on different frequencies with interleaved pulse streams carrying out several functions simultaneously. The use of multiple frequencies creates difficulties for Electronic Surveillance (ES) systems and radar warning receivers due to its RF and Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI) agility A major advantage of AESA radars is their resistance to jamming. crows.org 8

9 Current Shipborne AESA Radars European Manufacturers include Leonardo, SAAB, Thales and BAe Systems APAR and NS100 for Royal Netherlands Navy Kronos for UAE, Peruvian and Royal Thai Navies Sea Giraffe 4A for Swedish Royal Navy & US Navy Sampson for UK Royal Navy Israeli Company IAI Elta is a major manufacturer of AESA systems ELM-2248 MF-STAR Multi-function Radar for Israeli and Indian Navies In Japan Mitsubishi has a long history of AESA development OPS-50 for HPS-106 for Japanese Destroyers Raytheon is a major US supplier of AESA Radars AN/SPY-3 and AN/SPY-6 AMDR for US Navy Destroyers Dual Band Radar for US Aircraft Carriers Australian CEA Technologies in conjunction with Northrup Grumman CEAFAR for ANZAC Frigate crows.org 9

10 Saab Sea Giraffe 4A Saab has introduced its new solid-state naval radar system, the SEA GIRAFFE 4A, which is an S-band AESA radar featuring a 360 rocket, artillery and mortar (RAM) locator and target tracking for long-range surface-to-air missiles. Capable of classifying both hovering and moving helicopters, the radar can also detect and classify UAVs. SEA GIRAFFE 4A will be incorporated on-board the US Navy s INDEPENDENCE variant Littoral Combat Ship (LCS). crows.org 10

11 Raytheon AMDR The Air and Missile Defense Radar (AMDR or AN/SPY-6[V]) is the US Navy s next-generation air and missile defence radar. It will be deployed initially on the DDG-51 Flight-III destroyers, and will enhance the ships ability to detect air and surface targets and ballistic missile threats. AMDR is constructed with individual building blocks, called Radar Modular Assemblies (RMA). Each RMA is a self-contained radar in a box measuring 60.96cm cubed. Individual RMAs are stacked to form any size array to fit the mission requirements of any ship, making AMDR the US Navy s first truly scalable radar. crows.org 11

12 AESA radars are becoming essential for modern fighters Current Airborne AESA Typically mounted in the nose cone of fighter aircraft they contain hundreds, if not thousands of TRMs Key providers in the US are Northrup Grumman and Raytheon AN/APG-80 and SABR for F-16 AN/APG-81 for F-35 Lightning AESA for Boeing Wedgetail AN/APG-77 for F-22 Raptor AN/APY-9 for E3D Hawkeye AN/APG-79 for F/A-18 Superhornet and EA-18G Growler AN/APG-82 for F-15 Strike Eagle APS 149 for Poseidon P-8 European Manufacturers include Leonardo and Thales Osprey for Helicopters RBE2 for Rafale Seaspray 7500E for MQ-9 Reaper Searchmaster for Atlantique Israeli Company IAI Elta is a major manufacturer of AESA systems ELM-2022ES for P-3, DASH-8 ELM/2075 for IAI Phalcon AEW&C system In Japan Mitsubishi and Toshiba have a long history of AESA development J/APG-2 for Mitsubishi F-2 HPS-106 for Kawasaki P-1 MPA crows.org 12

13 Raytheon AN/APG-79 AN/APG-79 was developed for the F/A-18in production for the US Navy and the EA-18G Growler Aircraft for Royal Australian Air Force Beam steering capability operates at nearly the speed of light allowing interleaving of modes so that pilot and crew can operate air and ground surveillance simultaneously. In production for the US Navy and Royal Australian Air Force, the AN/APG-79 demonstrates reliability, image resolution, and tracking range significantly greater than that of the previous mechanically scanned array F/A-18 radar crows.org 13

14 Leonardo Osprey Osprey has been developed for Helicopters including the Norwegian AW101 Osprey consists of multiple fixed panel antennas, each containing 256 TRMs and providing 120 degree coverage. Osprey can be mounted high on the aircraft fuselage than traditional scanning antennas. crows.org 14

15 Airborne Jammers and Electronic Attack To achieve superiority in modern warfare it is essential to take control of the electromagnetic spectrum. The denial or delay of data transfer, the disruption of enemy communications and the generation of uncertainty in situational awareness are increasingly important factors in warfare. Airborne electronic attack (AEA) aircraft can operate as stand-off jammers for the suppression of enemy air defences (SEAD) and enemy communications. AEA aircraft can act as escort jammers for the protection of other assets in the same battle group. AEA aircraft carry out vital functions including: high-power wide-band jamming against modern radars with highly agile radar frequencies using sophisticated Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) techniques to cope with complex radar pulse sequences preventing improvised electronic devises (IEDs) attacks by interfering with the trigger signals crows.org 15

16 EA-18G Growler Growler is operated by the US Navy (100 aircraft) and by the Australian RAAF (12 aircraft) EMSO Equipment in the Growler includes Raytheon AN/ALQ-227 Communications Countermeasures Unit, the AN/ALQ-218 wideband receiver and AN/ALQ-99 tactical jamming system AN/ALQ-218 has 4 channelized receivers and uses interferometer techniques to provide geo-location of emitters for cueing jammers AN/ALQ-218 crows.org 16

17 AN/ALQ-99 mounted on EA-6B Prowler Tail-mounted Receiver Pod Under-wing Jamming Transmitter Pods AN/ALQ-99 does not have sufficient RF coverage, is not powerful enough to jam remote emitters and cannot deal effectively with simultaneous threats crows.org 17

18 Next Generation Jammer (NGJ) The NGJ will be developed and fielded in three increments. Increment 1 addresses midband frequencies such as those used by most air defence systems. The $279 million development contract was awarded to Raytheon in July 2013, with the intent to reach initial operating capability (IOC) by 2020 and produce at least 228 pods with Increment 1 capability. The first flight tests of a full prototype took place in October Increment 2 will address the low-frequency bands of the radio spectrum and should have initial operational capability IIOC) in Increment 3 will address high bands and is expected to reach IOC in crows.org 18

19 F-35 Lightning More than 2000 F-35 have been ordered by the US Military and several countries including Australia, Italy and UK have been involved in its development. Many other nations plan to operate the aircraft, including Holland, Israel and South Korea. F-35 has an AN/APG-81 multi-function Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radar mounted in the nose of the aircraft. crows.org 19

20 F-35 Lightning EW Systems F-35 has three EW systems: AN/AAQ-37 Distributed Aperture System (DAS) Electro Optical Targeting System (EOTS) ASQ-AAQ-37 Integrated Defensive Avionics Suite (RWR) There are 10 radar frequency (RF) antennas embedded into the edges of the wings and tail and 6 passive infra-red (IR) sensors distributed over the aircraft. Data from the RF and IR sensors is integrated in the AN/ASQ-239 (Barracuda) system making the F-35 the first fighter aircraft with sensor fusion that combines RF and IR tracking for continuous target detection and identification in all directions. Antenna RF Countermeasures IR Countermeasures crows.org 20

21 Compass Call USAF EC-130H Compass Call has a primary mission of Suppression of Enemy Air Defences (SEAD) and a secondary mission to support ground forces and counter-ieds crows.org 21

22 Pod-mounted Electronic Attack - AN/ALQ-131(V) and AN/ALQ-231 The ALQ-131(V) electronic countermeasures (ECM) pod is currently operational on A-10s, F-16s and C-130s. It provides full three band, overlapping coverage and is capable of producing simultaneous jamming techniques to counter multiple, simultaneous threats on a pulse-bypulse basis. AN/ALQ-131 (V) The AN/ALQ-231 Intrepid Tiger pod provides the US Marine Corps fixed and rotary wing aircraft with an adaptable and networked AEA capability that can be controlled from the cockpit or by a ground operator. In one mode, the pilot can operate a set program but in networked mode, troops on the ground can selectively jam particular bands. AN/ALQ-231 crows.org 22

23 Unmanned EMSO vehicles Saab Skeldar V-200 One of the newest EW-capable air vehicles operating in the maritime domain is the Skeldar V-200 Unmanned Air System (UAS), manufactured by SAAB in Sweden. It is a rotary-wing vehicle designed to be launched from the deck of any ship to fulfil a short range surveillance role. It can carry a variety of payloads(synthetic Aperture Radar, ESM, AIS) to support different types of missions and can hover for several hours while sending real-time information to a control station. It is fully autonomous. crows.org 23

24 Defensive Electronic Attack and Directed Energy Weapons Laser Weapons to defend Tactical Aircraft Laser weapons experts at Lockheed Martin are working with the USAF to develop a compact, ruggedized, high-power laser to defend tactical aircraft flying at or above the speed of sound from enemy aircraft and missiles It will be pod-mounted and flight demonstration is expected by Laser Weapon Systems In August 2017 successful tests of a Lockheed Martin prototype laser weapon system were carried out with the US Army Space and Missile Defence Command. The 30-kilowatt class ATHENA (Advanced Test High Energy Asset) system brought down five 10.8' wingspan Outlaw unmanned aerial systems at the Army's White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. ATHENA employs advanced beam control technology and an efficient fibre laser in this latest series of tests of the prototype system. ATHENA crows.org 24

25 Nimrod MRA4 Dr Sue Robertson, crows.org 25