Tunable Wideband Receiver (TWB) Data Processing Description December, 2013

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1 Page 1 of 5 Tunable Wdeband Recever (TWB) Data Processng Descrpton December, 2013 The tunable wdeband recever (TWB) can be manually tuned to any frequency of nterest between 17 and 33 MHz. The recever has a 2 MHz wde IF output, centered on 3.8 MHz. Ths undetected IF output sgnal s sampled by a Gage CS1220 hgh speed analog to dgtal converter (ADC) usng software named GageScope. The dgtzer s confgured to sample the IF output waveform at a rate of 10 mllon samples per second (100 nsec sample perod) wth 12-bt resoluton. The Gage ADC has 4 MB of onboard memory whch s flled n about 1/5 of a second (actually msec). The GageScope software reads the CS1220 s 12-bt ADC samples and stores them as 16 bt ntegers usng two bytes per sample. As soon as t s flled, the memory content s transferred to a unque fle on the computer hard drve, a process whch takes about 182 msec. Durng the transfer, no new data s beng collected, so there s a 182 msec dead tme between the end of the data n one fle and the begnnng of the data n the next fle. That s, there are about 392 mllseconds the cycle tme between the start of one Gage data fle and the start of the next Gage data fle. The cycle tme can vary by a few mllseconds each tme a data fle s wrtten to dsk; however, ths s bearable snce the Jovan emsson features beng analyzed e.g., ndvdual S bursts are, wth any luck, wholly contaned wthn ndvdual Gage data fles. After the raw tme-doman data has been recorded to dsk n a seres of Gage data fles, the data s then run though a software FFT n blocks of 2048 samples (each block represents sec of tme doman data). An FFT produces n output bns for n nput samples; however, when the nput samples are real (real voltage only, as recorded by the Gage ADC) nstead of complex (voltage plus phase nformaton), the FFT spectral data output s mrrored at output bn number n/2. That s, FFT output bns n/2+1 through n (e.g., bns 1025 through 2048) contan a mrror mage of bns 1 through n/2 (e.g., bns 1 through 1024). For ths reason, bns 1025 through 2048 are dscarded. In ths way, each Gage data block of 2048 samples yelds spectral data extendng from DC to 5 MHz (FFT output bns 1 through 1024). Each FFT output spectrum contans 1024 frequency channels, one channel per FFT output bn. The resoluton bandwdth of the FFT output s 4.88 khz;.e., each FFT output bn s 4.88 khz wde. Each ndvdual FFT spectrum one set of 1024 FFT output bns, whch s one sweep n the waterfall dsplay represents sec of tme doman data. Each ms long tme doman Gage data fle yelds 1023 separate FFT spectra. The TWB recever IF output band extends from 2.8 to 4.8 MHz, whle the 1024 channel FFT output spectrum covers DC to 5 MHz. The FFT bns coverng the spectrum between 2.8 and 4.8 MHz are selected for further processng. Channel 574 (also referred to as FFT bn 574) maps to 2.8 MHz the lower edge of the TWB recever IF. Channel 984 maps to 4.8 MHz. Therefore, there are = 411 FFT bns, or 411 channels, coverng the 2 MHz IF output After passng through FFT processng and wnnowng the number of output channels, the resultng 2 MHz wde slce of channelzed spectral data s wrtten to an SPS fle n a manner emulatng an FSX-4 swept frequency rado spectrograph. Ths allows the TWB output to be

2 Page 2 of 5 revewed and analyzed usng Rado Sky Spectrograph (RSS). RSS cannot dsplay the TWB output n real tme; ths method works for post processng only. Snce there are roughly 153 Gage data fles for a 1 mnute observaton usng the TWB, and 1023 FFT spectra ( sweeps ) per Gage data fle, plus 889 dummy FFT sweeps per fle to account for the dead tme between the Gage data fles, there are 153 ( ) = 292,536 sweeps n the SPS fle created for every mnute of TWB observaton. The ablty to dsplay mllseconds on the spectrogram tme axs was added wth verson of RSS. An update s avalable here: To dsplay mllseconds n RSS, clck on the Vew menu tem, then clck on Show Mllseconds. TWB Data Tmng Dagram Gage CS1220 Dgtzer Sgnal Fles and Converson to SPS Data Fle 10 Msamp/s sample rate seconds of observaton Gage Data Fle #1 Gage Data Fle #2 Gage Data Fle # 153 Cycle tme 392 ms Cycle tme 392 ms Cycle tme 392 ms Data Samplng Wrte to dsk Data Samplng Wrte to dsk Data Samplng Wrte to dsk ms ms ms ms ms ms 1023 FFT sweeps 889 sweeps 1023 FFT sweeps 889 sweeps 1023 FFT sweeps 889 sweeps (data) (dead tme) (data) (dead tme) (data) (dead tme) 1912 sweeps to SPS fle 1912 sweeps to SPS fle 1912 sweeps to SPS fle sweeps to SPS fle

3 Page 3 of 5 Gage Sgnal Fle to SPS Data Fle Converson Routne Mathematca processng tme: 1hour to convert 60 seconds of TWB data nto SPS data. Open target drectory Count nput fles Create new SPS fle and wrte header nfo Open one (next) Gage sgnal fle for nput Read Gage sgnal fle header Read Gage sgnal fle data (2,096, bt samples) Perform FFT on one (next) block of 2048 samples Dscard upper half of output, leavng bns 1 through 1024 Fnd vector absolute values of output bns (convert complex to real) Convert mv spectrum to W (square and dvde by resstance) Add optonal DC offset as desred (Offset1 = 100) Convert W to dbm Add optonal DC offset as desred (Offset2 = 11) Convert dbm spectrum to FSX-4 ADC counts (50 counts per db) Add optonal DC offset as desred (Offset3 = 1000) Wrte subset of data (e.g., 411 channels) as one sweep n the SPS fle Loop untl all samples n the fle have been processed Wrte dead tme paddng sweeps to SPS fle Close the Gage fle Loop untl all Gage fles have been processed Close the SPS fle Prnt PDF converson analyss report SPS SPS 2 FFT Offset1 ADC counts per db 10log R Offset2 Offset3 1000μW/mW 2 FFT log

4 Page 4 of 5 Example spectrogram 1 Ths s two seconds of TWB observaton of an Io-B N event. The numbers on the vertcal axs represent the RF nput n MHz to whch the TWB was tuned, n ths case the 2 MHz band centered at 19 MHz. The vertcal blue strpes each represent the msec durng whch the Gage ADC was takng data. The black strpes represent the 182 msec durng whch the GageScope software was wrtng the contents of the CS1220 s RAM to the computer s hard dsk.

5 Page 5 of 5 Example spectrogram 2 Ths s a zoomed n vew of the spectrogram shown above. In ths vew, RSS has zoomed n on the data so that 200 msec flls the wdth of the wndow. The wndow s 700 pxels wde, so each vertcal column of pxels represents the average spectrum durng s.

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