5G Networks Research and Development

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1 5G Networks Research and Development Octorber 17 st 2016 Prof. Luciano Leonel Mendes 1

2 Authors Overall presentation: Luciano Mendes Waveform comparison: Dan Zhang and Maximilian Matthe (TU Dresden) I/Q Imbalance: Wheberth Dias Synchronization: Alexandre Carvalho Sync Errors: Danilo Gaspar Frame structure: Juliano Silveira MODEM GFDM: Martin Dannenberg (TU Dresden) Space-time coding: Francisco Portelinha and Tiago Cardoso Windowing: Tiago Cardoso 2

3 Motivations Develop a 5G transceiver as proof-of-concept for 5G networks. Propose a new 5G operation mode for broadband access in remote areas. Real time demonstrations of a functional 5G system in Santa Rita do Sapucaí. 3

4 Waveforms Comparison 4

5 Waveforms comparison Goal: define which waveforms are interesting for 5G GFDM: Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing f-ofdm: filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing UF-OFDM: Universal Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing FBMC: Filter Bank Multicarrier 5

6 Waveforms comparison Out-of-band emissions: FBMC outperforms the other waveforms 6

7 Waveforms comparison Peak to Average Power Ratio: GFDM can achieve the lowest PAPR. 7

8 Waveforms comparison Frame Error Rate: GFDM achieves the best performance in mobile channels. GFDM presents the best trade-off among complexity, performance and flexibility. 8

9 Transceiver Structure 9

10 Transceiver Structure Goal #2: build a real-time reference model for demonstration and performance analysis. Ethernet Interface PRBS data Channel encoder QAM Mapper GFDM Modulador GFDM Preamble Frame Structure TR-STC Encoder CP/CS windowing SDR Platform SDR Platform CP/CS Removal Time offset Sync. Carrier offset Sync. Channel Estimation ST Decoder Equalization GFDM Demodulator Demapper Slicer Block running on FPGA. Block under development. Block running in the Host. GFDM Preamble Ethernet Interface PRBS data Channel Decoder 10

11 Frame Structure 11

12 Frame Structure Frame Specification Modem parameters and performance analysis FEC Block 1 FEC Block 2... FEC Block N FEC GFDM Resource Block 1 GFDM Resource Block 2... GFDM Resource Block N G N on [QAM symbols] Frame Preamble 1 GFDM Symbol 1... GFDM Symbol n... Preamble N P GFDM Symbol n+1... GFDM Symbol N G T P T F T G Super-Frame Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3... Frame N F T S = 1 [second] 12

13 GFDM MODEM 13

14 GFDM MODEM Approach: time-domain processing using zero forcing filters on the receive side. 14

15 Time-Reversal Space Time Coding 15

16 Time Reversal Space Time Coding 2 x 2 MIMO aiming for diversity. Transmitted symbols Time-Reversal Space-Time Encoder TX1 TX2 through channel h 11 h 22 RX1 RX2 Space-Time Combiner To Demodulator Antenna1 Time 1 Time 2 On the receiver side: Combined to achieve full diversity, as follow: L x 1 [n] x 2 [n] Y i,l = H 1,l X i H 2,l X i+1 + W 1,l X i = H eq 1 l=1 H 1,l Y i,l + H 2,l Y i+1,l Antenna2 x 2 [ n] x 1 [ n] Y i+1,l = H 1,l X i+1 + H 2,l X i + W 2,l X i+1 = H eq 1 L l=1 H 1,l Y i+1,l H 2,l Y i,l L 2 where H eq = l=1 j=1 H j,l H j,l 16

17 Time Reversal Space Time Coding Block Diagram Hardware Interface Data symbols Estimated Channels Receiver Yi,l Yi+1,l H1,l H2,l Combiner Xi Xi+1 ZF Equalizer to Demodulator TR-STC Combiner Heq 17

18 Windowing 18

19 Windowing Cyclic prefix (CP) is used to combat multipath channel and to open room for time windowing. Cyclic suffix (CS) is used for windowing only. NW NCH NW GFDM Block Cyclic Prefix Cyclic Suffix CP GFDM Block CS NW NW Window 19

20 Windowing GFDM: Approximately 26 db of OOB suppression measured at 10% of BW W-GFDM: Approximately 64 db of OOB suppression measured at 10% of BW Parameters: K = 128 Kon = 64 M = 15 N = 1920 NCP = 135 NCS = NW = 67 Ramp = Root 4th Order 20

21 Windowing Practical measurements OFDM OFDM: 14 and 16 db of OOB suppression measured at 10% of BW W-GFDM W-GFDM: 54 db of OOB suppression measured at 10% of BW 21

22 Hardware Impairment 22

23 AGC Quadrature Correction Receiver Quadrature Compensation and AGC Receiver RF Front-End: - Non-ideal analog components causes quadrature error on the received signal - Signal must be conditioned prior to Analog to Digital conversion Digital Domain (FPGA) ADC LNA 0 90 ADC RF Gain Control 23

24 Automatic Gain Control 24

25 Synchronization 26

26 Synchronization Preamble based Synchronization is based on preamble composed by a symmetric sequence. CP Preamble CS CP GFDM data block CS CP Cyclic prefix CS Cyclic suffix 27

27 Synchronization Block diagram of synchronization Data IN Autocorrelation Time synchronized data OUT Frequency synchronized data OUT Multiply correlations Peak search algorithm Data forwarding control CFO estimation and correction Cross-correlation Delayed data 28 28

28 Synchronization Hardware implementation Time synchronization 29 29

29 Synchronization Hardware implementation Frequency synchronization Phase of the autocorrelation function 30

30 Synchronization issues Estimated transmitted data symbol d[v] considering both CFO and STO. 1 st term is the desired demodulated symbol affected by ICI; 2 nd term is the IBI present when the time offset is less than the CP length (negative offset); 3 rd term is the AWGN signal scaled by the respective receive pulse version; 31

31 Synchronization issues STO leads to IBI 32

32 Synchronization issues CFO leads to ICI 33

33 Channel Estimation 34

34 Channel estimation block diagram yp YP FFT H est IFFT h est Zeropadding h est_padded DFT H est_interp Estimation P ref Interpolation ROM Signal Description Domain # of samples N=KM M is odd. yp Received preamble Time N p YP Received preamble Frequency N p Not a radix-2 FFT P ref Known reference preamble Frequency N p H est Estimated channel Frequency N p h est Estimated channel Time N p h est_padded Zero-padded estimated channel Time N H est_interp Interpolated estimated channel Frequency N 35

35 Channel estimation N-point Interpolation DFT Example (1536 = 3 x 512) DFT DFT DFT FFT FFT FFT 36

36 Channel estimation Interface Interpolation factor: 12 Estimation time: µs (N p = 128 and N = 1536) 37

37 Conclusions 38

38 Conclusions New waveforms bring new features and possibilities for 5G networks. Theoretically, GFDM can fulfill 5G requirements, but real world performance is unknown. A reference design based on GFDM can be used to evaluate this waveform performance under real world conditions. 39

39 Thanks for your attention! 40

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