Evaluation of Suitable Feed Systemes
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1 Evaluation of Suitable Feed Systemes Review of the Ring Focus Antenna Quadridge Horn Eleven Feed Coaxial Horn and Multiband Corrugated Horn Conclusion MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
2 Gain of Reflector Antennas G = 4πA η 2 λ G = D λ π 2 η η = η η I S η P η X η Bη ε G = antenna gain A = aperture area D = antenna diameter λ = wavelength η I = illumination efficiency η S = spillover efficiency η X = crosspolarization efficiency η B = blockage efficiency η ε = surface error efficiency MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
3 Optical Design Ring Focus Antenna Ring Focus Ellipsoid-Axis ds Subreflector System Focus 2c Main Reflector fp Parabola Axis Dm MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
4 Ring Focus Antenna 13.2m Ring Focus Antenna Aperture Field Distribution, f = GH z Relative Amplitude [db] rho [m ] no field in the blocked center region no reflection back to the feed system m Antennas with Gaussian Beam Feeds (-12dB at Subreflector Rim) Aperture Effenciency feed can be located close at the subreflector high antenna efficiency Aperture-Efficiency [%] 7 7 cost-effective mechanical structure 6 Gregory-Antenna Dualoffset-Antenna Ringfocus-Antenna Frequency [GHz] MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
5 Quadridge Horn quadridge waveguide horn wide frequency range (2 to 18 GHz) dual linear polarization VSWR < 3.:1 (return loss < -. db) MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
6 Quadridge Horn, 3D Radiation Patterns 2 GHz 8 GHz elliptical radiation patterns frequency dependent radiation characteristic moving phase center 16 GHz MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
7 Quadridge Horn, Polar Radiation Patterns Quadridge Horn, f = 2. GHz Quadridge Horn, f = 8. GHz Quadridge Horn, f = 16. GHz Subreflector Rim Subreflector Rim Subreflector Rim 6 [dbi] -6 6 [dbi] -6 6 [dbi] Mainreflector Rim Mainreflector Rim Mainreflector Rim phi = phi = 4 phi = phi = phi = 4 phi = phi = phi = 4 phi = compromise for the subreflector illumination angle at center frequency high subreflector spillover at lowest frequency (high antenna noise temperature) low illumination efficiency at highest frequency MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
8 13.2m TTW Atenna Radiation Patterns 13.2m Ring Focus Antenna with Quadridge Horn f = 2. GHz, without VSWR Efficiency and Strut Blockage 13.2m Ring Focus Antenna with Quadridge Horn f = 8. GHz, without VSWR Efficiency and Strut Blockage Gain [dbi] _Co _Co 4 _Co 4 _Cr Gain [dbi] 3 9 _Co _Co 4 _Co 4 _Cr Angle [deg] Angle [deg] 13.2m TTW Antenna Efficiency with Quadridge Feed (without VSWR Efficiency and Strut Blockage) 13.2m Ring Focus Antenna with Quadridge Horn f = 16. GHz, without VSWR Efficiency and Strut Blockage Efficiency [%] 4 3 Gain [dbi] _Co _Co 4 _Co 4 _Cr Frequency [GHz] Angle [deg] MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
9 Eleven Feed Housing Dielectric Support Dipol Array MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
10 Eleven Feed, 3D Radiation Patterns 2 GHz 8 GHz rotationally symmetric radiaiton pattern frequency-independent feed gain fixed phase center 16 GHz MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
11 Eleven Feed, Polar Radiation Patterns Eleven-Feed, f = 2. GHz 1 [dbi] Subreflector Rim Eleven-Feed, f = 8. GHz [dbi] Subreflector Rim Eleven-Feed, f = 16. GHz 1 [dbi] Subreflector Rim Mainreflector Rim Mainreflector Rim Mainreflector Rim phi = phi = 4 phi = phi = phi = 4 phi = phi = phi = 4 phi = 9 frequency-independent reflector illumination constant efficiency in a reflector antenna MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
12 Interaction between Subreflector and Feed Cone insignificant interaction between subreflector and feed cone and feed housing MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
13 13.2m TTW Atenna Radiation Patterns 13.2m Ring Focus Antenna with Eleven Feed f = 8. GHz, without VSWR Efficiency and Strut-Blockage 13.2m Ring Focus Antenna with Eleven Feed f = 8. GHz, without VSWR Efficiency and Strut-Blockage Gain [dbi] 3 9 _Co _Co 4 _Co 4 _Cr Gain [dbi] 3 9 _Co _Co 4 _Co 4 _Cr Angle [deg] Angle [deg] m TTW Antenna Efficiency with Eleven Feed (without VSWR and Strut Blockage Efficiency) 13.2m Ring Focus Antenna with Eleven Feed f = 16. GHz, without VSWR-Efficiency and Strut-Blockage Efficiency [%] 4 3 Gain [dbi] _Co _Co 4 _Co 4 _Cr Frequency [GHz] Angle [deg] MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
14 Coaxial Horn adjustable phase center more than 3% bandwidth in the lower frequency band more than 4% bandwidth in the upper frequency band MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
15 Coaxial Horn, 3D Radiation Patterns 2 GHz 8 GHz very good pattern symmetry low crosspolarization coincidence phase centers for the two frequency bands MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
16 Coaxial Horn, Polar Radiation Patterns 3 Eleven-Feed, f = 2. GHz Eleven-Feed, f = 8. GHz [dbi] - -6 Subreflector Rim 6 [dbi] - -6 Subreflector Rim Mainreflector Rim Mainreflector Rim phi = phi = 4 phi = phi = phi = 4 phi = 9 low spillover constant illumination efficiency in both frequency bands MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
17 13.2m TTW Antenna Radiation Patterns 13.2m Ring Focus Antenna with Coaxial Waveguide Feed f = 2. GHz, without VSWR Efficiency and Strut-Blockage 13.2m Ring Focus Antenna with Coaxial Feed f = 8. GHz, without VSWR-Efficiency and Strut-Blockage Gain [dbi] _Co _Co 4 _Co 4 _Cr Gain [dbi] 3 9 _Co _Co 4 _Co 4 _Cr Angle [deg] Angle [deg] 13.2m TTW Antenna Efficiency with Coaxial Horn (without VSWR and Strut Blockage Efficiency) 8 high efficiency in both frequency bands low crosspolarization Efficiency [%] Frequency [GHz] MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
18 Multiband Corrugated Horn Bandwidths for Allowable Groove Depth generally, a corrugated horn can achieve a 2:1 frequency bandwidth if the corrugation depth is an odd multiple of a quarter wavelength, the horn geometry will work when the corrugation depth approaches Allowable Groove Depth (mm) Frequency (GHz) 1/4 Lambda 1/2 Lambda 3/4 Lambda 1 Lambda 1 1/4 Lambda 1 1/2Lambda 1 3/4 Lambda 2 Lambda 2 1/4 Lambda 2 1/2 Lambda 2 3/4 Lambda 3 Lambda Exclusion Exclusion Exclusion Exclusion Exclusion Exclusion half of the wavelength, or multiples of it, 3 Corrugated Horn Gain Semi Flare Angles 1., 12.,1., 17. and 2. the horn pattern will breakdown not every frequency combination is realizable Gain (dbi) Aperture Diameter Wavelength MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
19 Multiband Corrugated Horn The conical or tapered form of a corrugated horn is a natural frequency filter. The frequency bandwith of a coupling junction is limited to a bandwith of about 1%. MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
20 Conclusion If the frequency bandwidth is needed, the Eleven feed is the best approach. With coaxial feeds or multiband corrugated horns better antenna performances is possible in limited frequency bands. Efficiency [%] m TTW Antenna Efficiency Eleven Feed, Quadridge Horn and Coaxial Horn (without VSWR and Strut Blockage Efficiency) Eleven Feed Coaxial Horn Quadridge Horn Frequency [GHz] MIRAD Microwave AG Broadband Feedsystems IVS VLBI21 Workshop March 29
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