Microwave Transistor Oscillator Design
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1 Tuorial on Modern Ulra Low Noise Microwave Transisor Oscillaor Design olumbia Universiy Sepember, 9 Ulrich L. Rohde, Ph.D.* hairman Synergy Microwave orp. *Prof. of RF ircui and Microwave ircui Design Brandenburg Universiy of Technology obus, Germany
2
3 3 A ypical linear oscillaor phase noise model block diagram Leeson Model
4 4 A ypical block diagram of feedback oscillaor circui = Y L Y L Y j L Y Y Z P p P P P p p pacakage IN olpis oscillaor wih base-lead inducances and package capaciance. is negleced. The expression of inpu impedance is given as
5 5 This Figure shows he R&S vecor analyzer and he es fixure Typical measuremen seup for evaluaion of large signal parameers R&S vecor analyzer and he es fixure for he ransisor of choice Agilen now calls his X Parameers
6 6 The bias, drive level, and frequency dependen S parameers are hen obained for pracical use. Measured large-signal S of he BFP5
7 7 Measured large-signal S of he BFP5
8 8 Measured large-signal S of he BFP5
9 9 Measured large-signal S of he BFP5
10 Typical ransien simulaion of a ceramic resonaor-based high-q oscillaor node of he volage for display is aken from he emier
11 This Figure illusraes he sar and seady-sae oscillaion condiions. Negaive Resisance A ypical sar and seady-sae oscillaioncondiions. R a A, f is he saring negaive Resisance, which ges lower as he ampliude increases. Therefore, feedback mus be sufficieno mainain enough negaive resisance o susain oscillaing.
12 Y Large Signal alculaion Y I = V peak peak fundamenal frequency I I x I cos w I n = dc peak= = I x I dc I x I x x = normalized drive level kt V peak = q x Y l arg e signal = Gm x dc Y small signal = = I kt / q g m Y l arg e signal = G m x = qi dc I x ktx I x n= = g x m I x I x n= [ Y [ Y l arg e signal small signal ] ] n= n= Gm x I = g xi m x x Y small signal > Y l arg e signal g m > Gm x
13 3 Plo shows he collecor curren as a funcion of ime wih respec o normalized base drive Volage x.
14 4 A ypical phase noise plo of L-based GHz oscillaor as a funcion of x
15
16
17 7 A ypical block diagram where oscillaor acs like a mixer.
18 8 The resuling phase noise in linear erms can be calculaed as This equaion is he linear Leeson equaion, wih he pushing effec omied and he flicker erm added by Dieer Scherer Hewle Packard, abou 975; he final version wih he pushing supply volage dependency VO effec added by Rohde 4, is f m f log f mq FkT Psav = f c L f m f m ktrk This pushing also applies o he VO case.
19 9 A ypical phase noise plo for an ideal GHz oscillaor phase noise of abou 4 dbc/hz a offse of khz offse, assuming unloaded Q of million loaded Q of 5, noise facor 6 db, flicker frequency khz, oscillaor volage gain Hz/V, equivalen noise resisance of uning diode Ohm and average power a oscillaor oupu dbm. No diode conribuion
20 ' e d i i R R d di L N N L = This is a nonhomogeneous differenial equaion, which can be simplified o [, h-8, pp. 59-3] [ ] ] cos[ ] sin[ I R R d di d d I L N L ϕ ϕ ϕ ] cos[ ] sin[ e d di d d I I N = ϕ ϕ ϕ Furher where R N is he average negaive resisance under large signal condiion. d I R I T R T N N ] [ cos ϕ = Non-Linear Oscillaor Equaion
21 [ ] [ ] [ ] max ] [ log Q Q y y k y y Y y Y Y k k k q p = Where y = L V ktr k cc = 4 cc m AF b f m c L V g I K g qi k = 4 = β k 3 k k k = And The SSB Phase Noise Is: Firs ever complee and correc large signal phase noise calculaion Rohde 4
22 A ypical GHz oscillaor circui
23 3 A AD Simulaed Ansof Designer phase noise plo for GHz oscillaor circui A AD Simulaed MATLAB phase noise plo for GHz oscillaor circui
24 Muliple Magneically oupled Resonaors 4 The qualiy facor of he coupled resonaor nework previously shown is given by φ Q = β Q β [ Q coupled ] = Q Q β Q β β << oupling- Nework [Z c ] Resonaor# [Z r ] β = c Resonaor# [Z r ] V R P [Z c ] L [Z r ] L [Z r ] RP Q = RP = L Resonaor# Resonaor# R P I in Acive Device: Bipolar/FETs apaciive coupled resonaors
25 5 Equivalen Represenaion of RO Ω nh pf - V cc 8V Q 3 RO R PR L PR PR Ω 56 pf Q B 857 B 857 nh 47 Ω 8 Ω pf Resonaor R L PR PR PR = Ω = 5nH = 4.7 pf 75 Ω 68 nh 33 pf 6.8 nh Buffer Amp O/P.47 pf.4 pf Q NE pf 8. Ω RO RO. pf nh Resonaor# Resonaor# ircui wih Resonaors
26 6 AD simulaed phase noise plo for he single resonaor -resonaor and he idenical coupled resonaor -resonaors Measured phase noise plos for he single resonaor -resonaor and he idenical coupled resonaor - resonaor
27 7 Layou of he MLR VO 5MHz-5MHz Paened
28 MPTR Muli oupled Planar Transmission Line Resonaors Opimum Operaing Mode and Opimum lass of Operaion Q Uncoupled Resonaor Frequency GHz oupled Resonaor Measured Q of resonaors uncoupled, coupled and MLR
29 Noise Opimizaion 9 d dm log m f f c FkT f mq m m f [ ] m P f m op dφ.5 d, φ = φ op Q = unloaded oupling Facor =.5 ktrk m op v c Base r b v bn B ' ollecor i cn i bn rysal i nr R n r e Emier r e = r e /Y F Noise Facor R n : Negaive Resisance F Y c rb r rb Yc β r = f e e ft Noise Facor of Oscillaor
30 3 Layou of GHz olpis oscillaor eramic resonaor oscillaor
31 3 Simulaed phase noise plo of for RO
32 3 Measured phase noise plo of he RO
33 33 Noise Feedback D-Bias Nework Noise Impedance Transfer Nework Dynamically Tuned Juncion apaciance bc, be, ce Tuning-Diode Nework Hybrid Resonance Mode oupling Resonaor B Parallel onfiguraion 3-erminal Device Bipolar/FETs E Subs S. S...S 8 Feedback Nework Dynamically Gain Sabilizaion Nework Dynamically Tracking onducion Angle Dynamically Tuned Tracking-Filer & Buffer Amplifier RF Oupu Dynamically Tracking Noise Filer Block diagram of a user-defined MLR VO
34 34 Layou of dual-band RO Paen pending
35 Phase noise plo of he dual-band VO
36 Thank You Are here any quesions?
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