AN4305 Application note

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1 Introduction Application note Using the SPIRIT1 transceiver with range extender under EN 300 at 169 MHz Placido De Vita The SPIRIT1 is a very low power RF transceiver, intended for RF wireless applications in the sub-1 GHz band. It is designed to operate both in the license-free ISM and SRD frequency bands at 169, 315, 433, 868 and 915 MHz. This application note outlines the expected performance when using the SPIRIT1 with a range extender under EN (v.3.1, 1-0) [.] in the MHz band, meter reading, tracking and tracing applications. The maximum allowed output power in this sub-band is +7 dbm (500 mw), this application note relates to an application designed to reach the maximum permitted power, while respecting ETSI requirements. This application note also relates to CEN/TC 94 pren :11. [4.] requirements for the W-MBUS N-mode standard in the MHz band. For details on the regulatory limits in the MHz SRD frequency bands, please refer to the ETSI EN v.3.1 [.] and ERC Recommendation [3.]. These can be downloaded from and October 13 DocID04733 Rev 1 1/

2 Contents Contents 1 Application circuit Transmitter parameters Adjacent channel power Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain Receiver parameters Receiver sensitivity Blocking Receiver spurious radiation Measuring equipment Reference Revision history / DocID04733 Rev 1

3 Application circuit 1 Application circuit Figure 1 shows the SPIRIT1 with range extender application board photo. The application is made up of boards: a daughterboard and a motherboard. The daughterboard holds the SPIRIT1 with the circuits necessary for its function. For correct operation, the daughterboard must be plugged into the motherboard (see Figure ) by two header 5x connectors (J6 and J7). The motherboard is equipped with an STM3L15VBT6 microcontroller to correctly program the transceiver. The microcontroller is programmed with firmware developed for the SPIRIT1 application. A graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed for programming of the SPIRIT1. The daughterboard includes a 5 MHz TCXO to provide the correct oscillator to the SPIRIT1. The W-MBUS N-mode application, expressly tailored for the 169 MHz band, requires a frequency tolerance that cannot be achieved with a crystal oscillator, so this application board is designed with an external TCXO. Due to the TCXO power consumption, its power on/off is controlled by a GPIO of the STM3L15VBT6 microcontroller to power on only in the Ready, TX and RX SPIRIT1 states. The SPIRIT1 has an internal SMPS that drastically reduce the power consumption making the SPIRIT1 the best in class for the application on this bandwidth. The SMPS is fed from the battery (1.8 V to 3.6 V) and provide to the device a programmable voltage (1.4 V usually). A few passive devices (inductors and capacitors) are used as matching/filtering for the SPIRIT1 power amplifier (PA) and balun network for the receiver. A SAW filter is recommended to attenuate the spurious and harmonics emissions above the carrier frequency, which would otherwise violate spurious emissions limits under ETSI 300 [.]. The SAW filter used is a Tai-Saw Technology CO., LTD. TA MHz SAW filter [6.]. An external FEM (front-end module) is used to improve the output power at the +7 dbm requested. The FEM utilized is a Skyworks SKY660 [5]. The device includes a power amplifier (PA) capable of about +7 dbm of transmitted output power. The receive chain consists of a low-loss single-pole, triple-throw switch, which provides an insertion loss of approximately 0.5 db. A low power amplifier (LNA) is inserted in the RX path. This one, a CEL µpd5740t6n [8.], is inserted to improve the application sensitivity. A few passive devices (inductors and capacitors) are used as matching/filtering between the SAW filter and PA, between the PA and switch and after the switch. An SMA connector, after the FEM, is provided to connect the board to the antenna or to instrumentation in order to verify correct functionality and confirm the ETSI standard required. DocID04733 Rev 1 3/

4 Application circuit Figure 1. SPIRIT1 with range extender application daughterboard Figure. SPIRIT1 application daughterboard plugged into the motherboard 4/ DocID04733 Rev 1

5 DocID04733 Rev 1 5/ Application circuit Figure 3. Daughterboard circuit schematic (1 of ) R5 0R0 C6 C_p_040_C0G L1 L_7n_040 U NT16SB En/Dis 1 Gnd Out 3 Vcc 4 C1 C_0n_040_X7R C C_330p_040_C0G U1 SPIRIT1 GPIO_0 1 SDO SDI 3 SCLK 4 CSn 5 VBAT 8 XOUT 6 XIN 7 RXP 9 RXN REXT 11 TX 1 SMPS 13 SMPS1 14 VBAT1 16 SDn 15 VREG 17 GPIO_3 18 GPIO_ 19 GPIO_1 1 C8 C_p_040_C0G R4 0R0 L7 L_U_0805 L4 L_8n_040 J6 HEADER 5X C1 C_7p_040_C0G C C_39p_040_C0G L3 L_33n_040 L L_33n_040 C13 C_560p_040_X7R C C_1U_0603_X7R C4 C_pF_040_COG R3 0R0 C3 C_4.3p_040_C0G C14 C_5.6p_040_C0G L L_n_040 L8 0R0 C15 ne C19 C_n_040_X7R C0 C_0n_040_X7R C5 C_1p_040_C0G C11 C_470n_0603_X7R R 0 J7 HEADER 5X C35 C_1n_040_X7R C1 C_0p_040_C0G L9 L_.7n_040 L0 L_0n_040 L5 L_68n_040 U7 TMM C34 C_n_040_X7R SDn GPIO0 GPIO1 GPIO3 SCLK SDO SDI CSn EN/DIS GPIO EN/DIS VCC_RF 3V3 VCC_RF VCC_RF SPIRIT_DUMMY1 TX_Path GPIO GPIO1 GPIO0 RX_Path AM177v1

6 Application circuit Figure 4. Daughterboard circuit schematic ( of ) TRUTH TABLE 3V3 READY => GPIO0 = 0, GPIO1 = 0, GPIO = 0 TX => GPIO0 = 1, GPIO1 = 1, GPIO = 0 RX => GPIO0 = 1, GPIO1 = 0, GPIO = 1 C18 C_4.7u_0603_X5R C3 C_1n_040_X7R C4 C_1u_040_X5R C5 C_1n_040_COG L1 GPIO0 = TX or RX mode indicator GPIO1 = TX state indication GPIO = RX state indication C6 C_1u_040_X5R L13 L_15n_040 L_n_0603 L14 L_6.8n_0603 C_56p_040_C0G C7 L15 L_3.3n_040 U L16 TX_Path U4 1 IN 3 TA0437A OUT C C_p_040_C0G GPIO0 L11 L_7n_040 C17 C_p_040_C0G GPIO0 1 GPIO1 3 4 SKY CSD TX CTX RX NC VCC1 VCC0 BYP VCC ANT PA_OUT TX_IN L_7n_0603 C8 C9 C_.n_040_X7R C_33p_040_C0G 17 Range Extender SKYWORKS SKY660-11, VCC = 3.3 V CSD = 0, CTX = BYP = x => Sleep mode GPIO1 GPIO1 C30 CSD = 1, CTX = BYP = 1 => Transmit with PA mode CSD = 1, CTX = BYP = 0 => Receiver mode C_p_040_COG GPIO L17 L_47n_0603 VCC_RF C33 GPIO C31 L18 L_4.7n_040 Solder a pf capacitor between pins 1 and RX_Path SW1 1 nf U6 Vcc NC OUT upd5740t6n Vcont IN 3 1 C3 1 nf 3 1 SW Solder a pf capacitor between J1 RF_IN/OUT C_18p_040_COG pins 1 and 3 LNA CEL upd5740t6n VCC = 3.3 V max,.8 V typ, Icc = 5 ma typ Gain = 15 db typ, NF = 1.5 db typ Vcont = high => LNA-mode, 5 ma Vcont = low => bypass-mode, 1 ua AM178v1 6/ DocID04733 Rev 1

7 Transmitter parameters Transmitter parameters All the measurements reported here have been measured with the following parameters: T C = 5 C, V DD = 3.3 V, f = MHz. This application is specifically designed to work with the W-MBUS N-mode standard, as defined in the CEN/TC 94 pren :11. [4]. In this case the maximum targeted channel spacing is 1.5 khz. In the ETSI EN v.3.1 [] standard the equipment used in non-channelized frequency band with a channel bandwidth of equal or less than 5 khz is considered narrow band, so all the measurements for the transmitter reported in this application note are done for the narrow band systems. The configuration used is:.4 kbps as data rate,.4 khz as frequency deviation and GFSK modulation with BT = 0.5 or 4.8 kbps as data rate, 1. khz as frequency deviation and GMSK modulation with BT = 0.5. For the narrow band systems, the adjacent channel power and the unwanted emissions in the spurious domain measurements must be reported. The measurements are performed in accordance with EN 300 v1 [.] paragraphs 7.6 and Adjacent channel power The adjacent channel power (ACP) is defined as the amount of the modulated RF signal power which falls within a given adjacent channel. This power is the sum of the mean power produced by the modulation, hum and noise of the transmitter. This test measures the power transmitted in the adjacent channel during continuous modulation. The ACP is measured with a spectrum analyzer conforming to the requirements given in the EN v.3.1 (-0) [.] annex C. In this application note, the ACP measured with 1.5 khz channel spacing is investigated. For this measurement the integrated bandwidth of the adjacent channel is 8.5 khz. The ETSI limits for the ACP is µw (- dbm). The resolution bandwidth of the spectrum analyzer is set to 0 Hz and the power of all the 0 Hz sub-band measurements over a total bandwidth of 8.5 khz are integrated, as described in the EN v.3.1 (-0) [.] annex B. Figure 5 and Figure 6 illustrate the measured ACP at the MHz center frequency. The data rate is set to.4 kbps, the frequency deviation is set to.4 khz, the modulation is set to Gaussian FSK (GFSK) with a BT = 0.5 in Figure 5, while the data rate is 4.8 kbps with GMSK modulation (BT=0.5) in Figure 6. These modulation settings are extracted from the CEN/TC 94 pren :11. draft version, communication systems for meters and remote reading of meters - Part 4: wireless meter readout (radio meter reading for operation in SRD bands) [4.]. The output power integrated around the carrier is 6.5 dbm. With this power the ACP in the two different modulation conditions are respectively -30 dbm, which is db lower than the ETSI limit, and -38 dbm, which is 16 db lower than the ETSI limit. The SPIRIT1 is fully compliant with the ETSI transmitter adjacent channel power requirements. DocID04733 Rev 1 7/

8 Transmitter parameters Figure 5. Adjacent power measurement, GFSK BT = 0.5,.4 kbps data rate,.4 khz frequency deviation 30 AM1716v1 Ouput power [dbm] ACP = -30 dbm 8.5 khz 8.5 khz 8.5 khz E E E E E E+08 Frequency [Hz] Figure 6. Adjacent power measurement, GMSK BT = 0.5, 4.8 kbps data rate 30 AM1717v1 ACP = - 38 dbm Ouput power [dbm] khz 8.5 khz 8.5 khz E E E E E E+08 Frequency [Hz]. Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain Spurious emissions are unwanted emissions in the spurious domain at frequencies other than those of the desired carrier frequency and its sidebands associated with normal test modulation. A spectrum analyzer is used as external receiver. The measurement is performed setting the SPIRIT1 with modulation and observing it over the frequency range of 9 khz to 4 GHz, as described in the ETSI [.] sub-clause 7.8. Since the equipment is tested under clause 7.6 of the ETSI [.] standard, the tests are made on all frequencies except the channel on which the transmitter is intended to operate, and its adjacent and alternate channels. For the measurement below 1 GHz, the RMS detector of the spectrum analyzer must be set. In this case, the measuring receiver bandwidth must be 0 khz. If the measurement bandwidth of the measuring receiver needs to be narrower, a conversion formula must be applied: 8/ DocID04733 Rev 1

9 Transmitter parameters B = A + log (BWref/BWmeasured) where: B is the value referred to the reference bandwidth A is the value at the narrower measurement bandwidth The measured value A must be used directly if the measured spectrum is a discrete spectral line. A discrete spectrum line is defined as a narrow peak with a level of at least 6 db above the average level inside the measurement bandwidth. For measurements above 1 GHz, the peak value shall be measured, the max hold function of the spectrum analyzer shall be used. In this case the reference bandwidth for the measurement receiver must be 1 MHz. The measurement is split into six figures: in Figure 7 the unwanted spurious emission for frequencies below 1 GHz is shown. The measurement is performed setting the instrument to max hold with a resolution bandwidth of khz. In Figure 8 the unwanted spurious emission for frequencies from 1 GHz to 4 GHz is shown. The measurement is performed setting the instrument to max hold with a resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz, as required by ETSI [.]. In the two graphs, the mask requirement from ETSI is reported also. The spurious emissions near the modulated signals are also investigated. In Figure 9 and the spurious emissions with a span of 0 khz for the two different cases are shown. The channel used, and its adjacent and alternate channels are not considered, as described in the ETSI [.] subclause 7.8. In Figure 11 and 1, the spurious emissions with a span of 800 khz for the two different cases are shown. The channel used, and its adjacent and alternate channels are also not considered. The unwanted emissions in the spurious domain of the SPIRIT1 complies with ETSI [.] sub-clause 7.8. Figure 7. Unwanted emission in the spurious domain mask below 1 GHz 30 AM1718v1 Spirit ETSI mask Output power [dbm] E+00.0E E E E E+09 Frequency [Hz] DocID04733 Rev 1 9/

10 Transmitter parameters Figure 8. Unwanted emission in the spurious domain mask above 1 GHz - -5 AM1719v1 Spirit ETSI mask Output power [dbm] E E+09 E+09.5E+09 3E E+09 4E+09 Frequency [Hz] Figure 9. Unwanted emission in the spurious domain, GFSK modulation,.4 kbps data rate,.4 khz frequency deviation, 0 khz span 30 AM17v1 Spirit ETSI mask Output power [dbm] Adjacent Channel Alternate Channel Adjacent Channel Alternate Channel E E E E E E+08 Frequency [Hz] / DocID04733 Rev 1

11 Transmitter parameters Figure. Unwanted emission in the spurious domain, GMSK modulation, 4.8 kbps data rate, 0 khz span 30 AM171v1 Spirit ETSI mask Output power [dbm] Adjacent Channel Alternate Channel Adjacent Channel Alternate Channel E E E E E E+08 Frequency [Hz] Figure 11. Unwanted emission in the spurious domain, GFSK modulation,.4 kbps data rate,.4 khz frequency deviation, 800 khz span 30 AM17v1 Spirit ETSI mask Output power [dbm] Channel + Adjacent + Alternate E E E E E+08 Frequency [Hz] DocID04733 Rev 1 11/

12 Transmitter parameters Figure 1. Unwanted emission in the spurious domain, GMSK modulation, 4.8 kbps data rate, 800 khz span 30 AM173v1 Spirit ETSI mask Output power [dbm] Channel + Adjacent + Alternate E E E E E+08 Frequency [Hz] 1/ DocID04733 Rev 1

13 Receiver parameters 3 Receiver parameters All the measurement reported here are measured with the following parameters: T C = 5 C, V DD = 3.3 V, f = MHz. The family of short range radio devices is divided into three receiver categories, each having a set of relevant receiver requirements and minimum performance criteria. The set of receiver requirements depends on the choice of receiver category by the equipment provider. The SPIRIT1 is a transceiver that meets the requirements of receiver category, which means medium reliable SRD communication media that can cause inconvenience to persons, which cannot simply be overcome by other means. The main parameters that have to be measured for the category devices are the sensitivity, the blocking and the receiver spurious radiation. 3.1 Receiver sensitivity Receiver sensitivity is the minimum level of the signal at receiver input, produced by a carrier at the nominal frequency of the receiver, modulated with the normal test signal modulation, which produces performance of a bit error rate (BER) of - without correction. Under normal test conditions, the value of the maximum usable sensitivity for 5 khz channel spacing equipment with a 16 khz bandwidth shall not exceed -7 dbm. If the RX bandwidth is not 16 khz, the sensitivity limit is modified according to the following formula: Equation 1 The measurement is performed using an RF signal source generator centered at the same receiver frequency as the desired modulation signal. The demodulated data and clock are taken from the SPIRIT1 receiver and sent to the same generator to do the BER measurement. The generator signal level is reduced until a BER of 1% is obtained. To reduce power consumption, an internal SMPS is integrated in the SPIRIT1. Figure 13 demonstrates the ETSI 1% BER sensitivity limit (red line) and the SPIRIT1 sensitivity for the two investigated data rates with internal SMPS. This application note outlines the expected performance when using the SPIRIT1 under EN (v.3.1, 1-0) [.] in the MHz band, with channel spacing of 1.5 khz. The SPIRIT1 with range extender application is fully compliant with ETSI class receiver sensitivity requirements, with a large margin. DocID04733 Rev 1 13/

14 Receiver parameters Figure 13. Sensitivity vs. data rate with 1% BER Spirit ETSI Limits AM174v1-5 Sensitivity [dbm] Data Rate [kbps] 3. Blocking Blocking is a measure of the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted modulated signal without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of an unwanted input signal at any frequency other than those of the spurious responses or the adjacent channels or bands. All the blocking results are measured by positioning the input power 3 db above the measured sensitivity limit reported in the previous paragraph with a primary signal source generator. A second generator with an un-modulated signal is used as the interferer and combined with the primary signal using a power combiner. The second interferer generator is placed at the desired frequency offset and the power is increased until the BER degradation of 1% is obtained. ETSI specifies the blocking limits at two points: ± and ± MHz. The limit for class receiver at ± MHz is 37.7 db from the 3 db level above the sensitivity, and at ± MHz it is 6.7 db from the 3 db level above the sensitivity. The SPIRIT1 with range extender is fully compliant with ETSI class receiver blocking requirements, with a large margin. 14/ DocID04733 Rev 1

15 Receiver parameters Figure 14. RX blocking vs. CW interferer offset with 1% BER 80 AM179v1 CW interference level from the carrier [db] CW interferer offset [khz].4 kbps 4.8 kbps ETSI Limits 1.5 khz channel 3.3 Receiver spurious radiation Spurious radiations from the receiver are components at any frequency radiated by the equipment and antenna. A spectrum analyzer is used as external receiver. The measurement is performed setting the SPIRIT1 in RX mode with modulation and observing it at up to 4 GHz as described in the ETSI [.] sub-clause 8.6. The measurement is split into two graphs: in Figure 15 the unwanted spurious emission for frequencies below 1 GHz is shown. The measurement is performed setting the instrument to a resolution bandwidth of 0 khz. In Figure 16 the spurious radiation from the receiver for frequencies from 1 GHz to 4 GHz is shown. The measurement is performed setting the instrument to a resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz, as required by ETSI [.]. In the two graphs, the mask required from the ETSI is reported also. The receiver spurious radiation of the SPIRIT1 complies with ETSI [.] sub-clause 8.6. Figure 15. Receiver spurious radiation below 1 GHz AM175v1 Spirit ETSI mask Output power [dbm] E+00.0E E E E E+09 Frequency [Hz] DocID04733 Rev 1 15/

16 Receiver parameters Figure 16. Receiver spurious radiation above 1 GHz AM176v1 Spirit ETSI mask -50 Output power [dbm] E E+09.0E+09.5E E E E+09 Frequency [Hz] 16/ DocID04733 Rev 1

17 Measuring equipment 4 Measuring equipment The following equipment was used to perform the measurements. Table 1. Measuring equipment Measurement Instrument Type Instrument model RX Signal generator Agilent ESG E4438C Agilent ESG E4438C TX Signal analyzer R&S FSIQ7 DocID04733 Rev 1 17/

18 Reference 5 Reference 1. STMicroelectronics SPIRIT1 datasheet. ETSI EN300 V.3.1: Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment to be used in the 5 MHz to 00 MHz frequency range with power levels ranging up to 500 mw 3. CEPT/ERC/Recommendation 70-03: Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD) 4. CEN/TC pren :11.: Communication systems for meters and remote reading of meters - Part 4: Wireless meter readout (Radio meter reading for operating in SRD bands) 5. Skyworks SKY660 datasheet 6. TAI-SAW Technology CO., LTD. TA0437A SAW Filter 169 MHz datasheet 7. Peregrine Semiconductor PE459 datasheet 8. California Eastern Laboratories µpd5740t6n datasheet 18/ DocID04733 Rev 1

19 Revision history 6 Revision history Table. Document revision history Date Revision Changes 4-Oct-13 1 Initial release. DocID04733 Rev 1 19/

20 Please Read Carefully: Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries ( ST ) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described herein at any time, without notice. All ST products are sold pursuant to ST s terms and conditions of sale. Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the ST products and services described herein, and ST assumes no liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the ST products and services described herein. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted under this document. If any part of this document refers to any third party products or services it shall not be deemed a license grant by ST for the use of such third party products or services, or any intellectual property contained therein or considered as a warranty covering the use in any manner whatsoever of such third party products or services or any intellectual property contained therein. UNLESS OTHERWISE SET FORTH IN ST S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE ST DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY WITH RESPECT TO THE USE AND/OR SALE OF ST PRODUCTS INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION), OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. ST PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED OR AUTHORIZED FOR USE IN: (A) SAFETY CRITICAL APPLICATIONS SUCH AS LIFE SUPPORTING, ACTIVE IMPLANTED DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITH PRODUCT FUNCTIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS; (B) AERONAUTIC APPLICATIONS; (C) AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS OR ENVIRONMENTS, AND/OR (D) AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS OR ENVIRONMENTS. WHERE ST PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED FOR SUCH USE, THE PURCHASER SHALL USE PRODUCTS AT PURCHASER S SOLE RISK, EVEN IF ST HAS BEEN INFORMED IN WRITING OF SUCH USAGE, UNLESS A PRODUCT IS EXPRESSLY DESIGNATED BY ST AS BEING INTENDED FOR AUTOMOTIVE, AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY OR MEDICAL INDUSTRY DOMAINS ACCORDING TO ST PRODUCT DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS. PRODUCTS FORMALLY ESCC, QML OR JAN QUALIFIED ARE DEEMED SUITABLE FOR USE IN AEROSPACE BY THE CORRESPONDING GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY. Resale of ST products with provisions different from the statements and/or technical features set forth in this document shall immediately void any warranty granted by ST for the ST product or service described herein and shall not create or extend in any manner whatsoever, any liability of ST. ST and the ST logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of ST in various countries. Information in this document supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics. All other names are the property of their respective owners. 13 STMicroelectronics - All rights reserved STMicroelectronics group of companies Australia - Belgium - Brazil - Canada - China - Czech Republic - Finland - France - Germany - Hong Kong - India - Israel - Italy - Japan - Malaysia - Malta - Morocco - Philippines - Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - United Kingdom - United States of America / DocID04733 Rev 1

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