Power Quality Analyser TOPAS 1000

Transcription

1 Power Quality Analyser TOPAS 1000 Effecting measurement tasks in medium and low voltage networks faster and with a single tool: Analysis of disturbances and their causes Determine reserves of transformer/feeder Acquire and analyse transient events Power quality as per EN Detection of interferences, power peaks Function test of ripple control systems Day extreme values Report writer General Measuring System TOPAS 1000 is a power network analyser that can be used to locate interference sources and assess mains voltage quality in compliance with the applicable standards. The extremely rugged mechanical construction (IP65) of TOPAS 1000 is highly estimated especially under harsh or wet conditions. The large data memory (512 MB Compact Flash-card, optional 1 GB or 2 GB) provides effecting long-term recordings. These recordings are the basis for detailed evaluations and analyses to assess disturbances and the mains voltage quality. TOPAS 1000 was developed in cooperation with power utilities optimised for field applications and the requirements of operating electrical energy assets. TOPAS 1000 fields of applications: Disturbance source detection Voltage, current and power analysis Load and energy measurements Transient analysis Signalling voltage analysis (ripple control systems) Power quality analysis as per EN Measurement methods, evaluations: Assessment of PQ as per EN50160 rms values with adjustable intervals Sample values (oscilloscope) Amplitude spectrum Signalling voltage analysis (ripple control systems) Transients General specification Intrinsic error: Quality system: refers to reference conditions and is guaranteed for two years developed, manufactured as per DIN ISO 9001 Environment conditions: Operating temp. range: 0 C C Storage temp. range: -20 C C Relative humidity: , no dewing Operating altitude: max m Reference conditions: 23 C ±2K, 230 V ±10, 50 Hz / 60 Hz 10 minute intervals, PF=1.0 Housing: Protection: Safety: insulated, robust housing IP65 as per EN with interface cover closed TOPAS 1000 is conform to CE-marking, complies to EN EMC: Emission: EN : 1997 p. 12, table 3: limits for class A equipment Immunity: Voltage inputs: EN : 1997, EN /7, amendment A1: 1998

2 Power supply: Range Safety: Power consumption: AC: 83 V 264 V, Hz DC: 100 V V IEC/EN V CAT II, class I max. 30 VA In case of a power supply failure an internal accumulator maintains the supply for up to 3 minutes. Afterwards, or in case of discharged accumulators the TOPAS 1000 is turned off and continues the measurements as soon as the supply voltage returns. The accumulator can be replaced by the user. Display TOPAS 1000 features 9 LEDs as status display for the 8 channels and the power supply. Power LED Permanent light: normal power supply from mains. Flashing light: supply via internal accumulator in case of a power failure. Channel LEDs OFF, brief light ON: too low or no measuring signal ON, brief light OFF: overload Permanent light: channel o.k. Rapid flashing: sensors incorrectly connected. Data memory: Memory model: Internal 512 MB Compact Flash card, 1 GB, or 2 GB CF-card optional linear or circular Interfaces: Ethernet (100MB/s, compatible to Windows 98/ME/NT/2000/XP RS 232 external modem connected to RS 232 Baudrate for RS 232: 9600 Baud 115 kbaud Dimensions: 325 mm x 300 m x 65 mm (H x W x D) Weight: Warranty: appr. 4 kg (without accessories) 2 years Calibration interval: 2 years recommended Self-test TOPAS 1000 features comprehensive functions for system diagnosis. The internal data memory, input channels, sensors, interfaces and battery are tested and a diagnosis protocol is created. The analogue channels are tested by measuring the noise voltage and the offset voltage. Block diagram V AC V DC Overvoltage protection Mains detection Mains/Accu Accu Signal conditioning Sampling The sampling rate is synchronised to mains frequency in the range from Hz with a resolution of 10 ppm and is Hz in the 50 Hz network. The absolute error for frequency measurements is 200 ppm. Measurement intervals Voltage, current rms values: 10 ms, 3 s, 10 min, 24 h. Min-, Max-values: 10 ms rms values Transients: 100 khz 10 MHz sample rate per channel Frequency: 10 s, 3 s, 10 min, 1 h, 24 h Harmonics: 160 ms / 320 ms Flicker: as per EN : 10 min (Pst), 2 h (Plt) Measurement inputs TOPAS 1000 features 8 galvanically isolated inputs for voltage and current measurements. Safety: Nominal voltage (rms): Range (peak value): Overload capacity (rms): Voltage rise rate: Input resistance: Input capacitance: Intrinsic error: 200 mv 280 mv 1000 V, continuously max. 15 kv/µs 1 MΩ 5 pf < 1 between Hz Intrinsic error for harmonics: class A as per EN Each channel is equipped with a passive low-pass filter, an antialiasing filter and a 16-bit A/D converter. All channels are sampled synchronously with a common quartz-controlled clock pulse. The filters protect against voltage transients and limit the signal rise rate, reduce high frequency components and especially the noise voltage above half the sampling rate of the A/D converter by 80dB, thus achieving very small measuring errors in an exceptionally large amplitude range. This is also valid under extreme operating conditions like transient voltages at the output of converters. TOPAS 1000 effects measurements with precisely defined frequency response. Between the 3dB limit frequency at 0.45-fold sampling frequency and the 1.2 higher frequency the amplitude response falls 80dB below the A/D converter s resolution. Particular attention is paid to identical phase responses of the analogue inputs in order to avoid errors during power measurement. Frequency response 0 Hz to 2500 Hz Signal level: 100, sampling rate fs = khz: AC DC Accu- Management V-Sensor EEPROM Ethernet I-Sensor EEPROM Sensor-ID evaluation RS 232 FIFO Dig. I/O Clock generation Synchronisation CPU 512 MB CF-card 2

3 Frequency response from 0 Hz to 100 khz - Signal level: 100 Phase difference between any input channels Signal frequency: fs Linearity - Signal frequency: 50Hz, sampling rate fs = 6.4 khz: Accuracy The total measuring error of the measurement system TOPAS 1000 including voltage or current sensor is far below class 0.5 and the error for harmonics complies with class A of standard EN TOPAS 1000 is suited for current, voltage and power measurements at the output of frequency converters. Current measurements on the converter with shunts are possible. Taking into account the maximum voltage rise rate the same error indications apply. The total error results from the error of the TOPAS 1000 measurement channel and the error of the connected sensor. The error values apply to reference conditions, warmed up instrument without sensors up to the maximum voltage rise rate. Frequency Signal level Errors U, I in of m. v. Errors for power, PF=1 in of m. v. 50 Hz 100 <0.1 <0.2 50Hz >1 <0.5 <1 <2500 Hz 100 <1 <1.2 <2500 Hz >1 <1.2 <2.2 Common mode rejection Common mode rejection between 0 Hz and 100 khz: -130 db of measuring range. Temperature drift Change of amplification through temperature: < 150 ppm / K. Ageing Change of amplification due to ageing: < 0.06 / year. Noise Noise voltage, input short-circuited: < 20 µv. Spectral noise voltage density: 0.4 µv / Hz. Measurement functions TOPAS 1000 is a data logger recording measuring data for long periods of time or transferring them online to an analysis computer (typically a notebook). Measuring data can be retrieved during data logger operation without interrupting the measurements via one of the existing interfaces. An online display is also available. TOPAS 1000 measures 4 currents and 4 voltages or 8 voltages alternatively. Data Logger mode Assessment of the power quality as per EN 50160, rms values, extreme values, Flicker intensity, voltage dips, voltage interruptions (long and short), voltage swells, voltage unbalance, harmonics, THD, inter-harmonics, signalling voltages, power harmonics (amplitude and phase angle), transients are recorded with various averaging intervals. Online mode Sample values (waveforms, oscilloscope) of current and voltage, amplitude spectrum of active and reactive power and transients, rms values, active power, power factor, phasor diagrams of voltage, current, and apparent power are available in the online mode.. Measurement methods Assessment of the power quality as per EN Harmonics THD U Flicker Voltage events Unbalance Frequency Averaging intervals for 20 ms h rms values of voltage, current Active power Apparent power Power factor Energy Day extreme values Oscilloscope presentation of Voltage Current Transients (optional) Recording of 4 voltage channels 100 khz up to 10 MHz sampling rate per channel 20 ms to 2 s recording period Triggering at voltage levels of high-frequency signal components 6 kv input voltage range Amplitude spectrum of Voltage, current Active power, reactive power Ripple control signals Ripple control signals (voltage, current, active power, power factor) Frequency Level Course versus time Symmetrical components Zero-, positive negative sequence 3

4 Measurement functions - overview Power quality all parameters as per EN day average values Free intervall (1 min 1 day) 10 minute average values: voltage, current, frequency, Flicker, power values, symmetrical components Events, triggers Dips, swells, interruptions 3 sec average values: Harmonics, THD Rms values Averaging time adjustable between 10 ms 1 day Sample rate: 10,24 khz / channel Transients: 100 khz 10 MHz / channel Ripple control signals on phases and N-conductor Voltage, current active power Trigger conditions TOPAS 1000 can determine the trigger thresholds automatically. This operating mode requires no settings. The trigger thresholds can also be set manually by the user. If the trigger thresholds are exceeded harmonics, rms values and powers, oscilloscope views of current and voltage, transients and signalling voltages can be recorded. It is also possible to trigger upon exceeding one or more harmonics (1 50). For all channels it is possible to trigger on upper or lower violation of oscilloscope or rms threshold values. Hardware settings Current and voltage sensors can be connected to any channel. The assignment measured quantity channel and the setting of the measuring range are effected during configuration. Certain measuring ranges or sensors can be predefined. If the wrong sensor is connected in that case the measuring instrument will react by flashing the LED of the respective channel. An additional scaling factor can be entered for each channel: the transformer ratio of current or voltage transformers can be taken into account. Measuring data analysis The measuring results are presented graphically as level time diagrams, or cumulative frequency functions, or bar diagrams. Different data can be superimposed in one diagram. Each data point can be selected by cursor and its data displayed in numerical fields. Sections of a diagram can be exported as a text table. Copy & Paste via the Windows clipboard is possible. ASCII-tables can be imported into spreadsheet applications. Day extreme value presentations compress data out of long-term recordings to comprehensive evaluations. A configurable report writer provides repetitive protocol generation. EN analysis This analysis provides a rapid overview of the power quality. By red and green bars we can see whether the PQ is compliant or if further investigations are necessary. Online mode oscilloscope transients events 4 Configuration Before starting data logging TOPAS 1000 must be configured with a computer and the TOPAS software. Configuration files can be stored, loaded and compiled with menu-guidance. The configuration menu provides for the following settings: Descriptive text A descriptive text can be entered into a text box with information on the measurement. Nominal values and limit values All the limits complying with EN can be set. Interharmonics The rms value of all interharmonics and the TID is measured. If a preset threshold is exceeded oscilloscope values are recorded and the interharmonics can be evaluated. Measuring time Start time and stop time for measurement campaigns can be defined. A universal time trigger records pre-selected parameters during defined time periods, also periodically if required. Memory management The amount of memory for various measurement parameters can be reserved. This will avoid the memory being filled unintentionally e.g. with oscilloscope values. The memory management can be circular or linear. Linear: no more data is stored on reaching the memory limit. Circular: the oldest data records are overwritten.

5 Power quality overview as per EN50160 in CODAM format: Day extreme values In this presentation the measurement data of a long period are presented as a day profile. A compliance report (text protocol) can be issued immediately. Events list A compact overview of all events that occurred ( events occupy 1MB of memory only). This list can be transferred without problems even via modem connections. Oscilloscope The oscilloscope function is used to evaluate current and voltage waveforms. Highly distorted voltages cause thermal overloads of neutral wires and transformers. With the sorting functions it is possible to select and analyse the most important events. Clicking on the items in the list opens immediately detailed presentations (level-time diagrams) for further analysis. Transients Transient short voltage swells caused by switching in the network or lightning strikes can destroy electronic devices. Only by means of transients analysis such influences can be examined. CBEMA presentation The events can also be displayed in the CBEMA (ANSI) diagram events are classified according to amplitude and duration. Electronic devices can also be the reason for such interferences which can be located only with fast-sampling transient analysis. Amplitude spectrum of voltage, current and power is provided. 5

6 Ripple control signal analysis Some equipment like street lighting and heating devices are remote controlled by means of signalling voltages. Multi-tariff meters can also be switched with these signals. Interferences may result in comprehensive, time-consuming analysis and damage to equipment. Order number Input resistance 2) Intrinsic error Safety EP1012A 1 MOhm V CAT II A kohm V CAT II EP 1002A 16 kohm V CAT II EP 1110A 16 kohm V CAT II A MOhm 0.15 A MOhm 0.15 A ) 2 MOhm 5 EP1011A 4 MOhm 0.2 EP1011A 1) 2 MOhm 5 EG 0001Z 2 MOhm 0.15 A MOhm 0.15 EP 1010A 4 MOhm 0.15 CAT IV 1) with TOPAS 1000 with Transient option only 2) input resistance between red and black connector This function provides a very useful tool to detect the source of interferences. All quantities which could influence these signals are analysed and displayed (signal level too low, pulse rise rate too low,...) Test probes technical specification Voltage probes for various ranges between 200 mv and 1000 V are available for TOPAS Current sensors for direct current measurement (shunts) are available between 20 ma and 5 A. Passive current clamps (AC only) are available in ranges with 1 A up to 1000 A, 2 ranges can be selected in the TOPAS software. Flexible current sensors (LEM~flex) are available for ranges between 100 A and 6000 A AC, 2 ranges can be selected in the TOPAS software. All probes contain a memory for calibration factors, sensor identity and serial number which is read automatically by TOPAS Ranges can be selected in the TOPAS software. Other measuring transducers can be used in front of these standard sensors. Voltage Sensors Temperature drift: 100 ppm / K Aging: <0.06 / year All voltage sensors are suitable for DC... 3 khz. Order number Trans. Option U nom Range rms U max contin. EP1012A V V 100 V A V V 100 V EP 1002A - 5 V V 100 V EP 1110A - 10 V V 100 V A yes 100 V V 1000 V A yes 400 V V 1000 V A ) yes 6000 V 6000 V <1 ms 1000 V EP1011A yes 400 V V 1000 V EP1011A 1) yes 750 V V 1000 V EG 0001Z yes 480 V V 1000 V A yes 830 V V 1000 V EP 1010A yes 1000 V V 2000 V Current sensors - specification Sensor type ranges Peak current *) Clip-on current transformers for AC current 1 A / 10 A A A / 50 A A A / 200 A A A / 1000 A A LEM~flex for AC current 100 A / 500 A EP 1205A 200 A / 1000 A EP 1210A 3000 A / 6000 A EP 1360A 0.01 A...1 A 0.1 A...10 A 0.05 A 5 A 0.5 A...50 A 0.2 A...20 A 2 A A 1 A 100 A 10 A 1200 A 1 A A. 5 A 500 A 2 A A 10 A 1000 A 30 A 3000 A 60 A 6000 A Shunts for AC and DC currents **) 20 ma 0 55 ma A A A A A A 0 10 A 3.7 A 37 A 18 A 180 A 74 A 300 A 370 A 1700 A 240 A 1350 A error A 2700 A 1 10 ka 19 ka 77,8 ma I max =1,5A 4,0 A I max =6,5 A 21,9 A Imax=10 A Frequency range 40 Hz 10 khz 40 Hz khz 40 Hz khz 40 Hz khz 45 Hz Hz Hz... DC... DC... DC... Phase error Errors in of measuring range at 23 C ±3K, for Hz Phase angle error at nominal current *) for sinusoidal currents **) I max maximum current without time limit operating voltage 300 V CAT II 300 V CAT II 300 V CAT II 6

7 Scope of delivery, accessories, service Power Quality Analyser TOPAS 1000 Standard equipment 8 channels (4 x current / 4 x voltage or 8 x voltage), EN Ripple control option, Ethernet, RS232 interface, 512 MB CF-card A TOPAS 1000 TS TOPAS LEM~flex 200 A / 1000 A, 3 sensors 400 V, trigger option, carrying case A TOPAS 1000 S TOPAS LEM~flex 200 A / 1000 A, 3 sensors 400 V EP1130A TOPAS 1000 S TOPAS x 1 A / 10 A current probes, 3 sensors 400 V, EP1140A TOPAS 1000 S TOPAS sensors 400 V EP1150A Options Trigger function EN50160 Transient analysis 10MHz Transient analysis 500kHz automatic, manual triggers for 4 voltage channels and 4 current channels or 8 voltage channels, harmonics, THD A EN50160 option for evaluation of power quality + ripple control option EP0160A for 4 voltage channels, sampling rate: 100 khz - 10 MHz, range: 6 kv, event storage depth 20 ms - 2 s A for 4 voltage channels, sampling rate: 100 khz khz, range: 6 kv, event storage depth 400 ms - 2s A NOTIFY Fault messaging software EK 2100Z Relay box 8 digital alarm outputs A GB CF-card Memory expansion A GB CF-card Memory expansion EP1523A Accessories LEM~flex 100 A / 500 A, 45 cm, 2 m cable EP1205A 200 A / 1000 A, 61 cm, 2 m cable EP1210A 3000 A / 6000 A, 91 cm, 4 m cable EP1360A Current probes 1 A / 10 A, max. conductor cross section 15 mm, 2 m cable A A / 50 A, max. conductor cross section 15 mm, 2 m cable A A / 200 A, max. conductor cross section 15 mm, 2 m cable A A / 1000 A, max. conductor cross section 54 mm, 2 m cable A Voltage sensors 0.1 V EP1012A 1 V A V EP1002A 10 V EP1110A 100 V A V A V EG 0001Z 400V / 750 V EP1011A 830 V A V EP1010A Shunts 20 ma A A A A A GSM modem set A ETHERNET cable set EP0004A Adapter for current and power measurements A Safety adapter with high performance fuse A Attachement for belt assembly 2 attachements, 1 carrying belt A Carrying case A ASC-02 certificate with measurement values E

8 Distributor: Printed in EU Technical modifications reserved Publication A24330E LEM NORMA GmbH LEM HEME LTD. LEM Instruments Inc. LEM Instruments, Inc. LEM BE sa/nv Export department Geneva Court Hawthorne Boulevard #100 Av. Camino Real, 871 Avenue Newton, 8 Liebermannstraße F01 1 Penketh Place US-TORRANCE, CA dpto. 502 B-1300 Wavre CAMPUS 21 West Pimbo TEL: San Isidro - Lima 27 - Perú TEL: A-2345 BRUNN AM GEBIRGE Skelmersdale, UK-Lancashire WN8 9QX FAX: TEL: FAX: TEL: +43(0) TEL: +44(0) liu@lem.com Mobile: lbe@lem.com FAX: +43(0) FAX: +44(0) FAX: lna@lem.com luk@lem.com cpg@lem.com